...date... age event
1833/--/-- -1 - a bavarian prince becomes king otto of greece.
1833/--/-- -1 - britain occupies the falkland islands.
1833/--/-- -1 - carl von clausewitz's classic study of warfare on war is published.
1833/--/-- -1 - general santa anna becomes president of mexico.
1833/--/-- -1 - isabella ii succeeds ferdinand vii, king of spain; the carlist wars begin.
1833/--/-- -1 - president jackson withdraws federal deposits from the bank of the united states.
1833/--/-- -1 - santa anna elected president of mexico
1833/--/-- -1 - the american anti-slavery society is inaugurated in philadelphia.
1833/--/-- -1 - victor hugo's novel the hunchback of notre dame is published in english.
1833/05/28 0 *** bozarth, james henry - born to bozarth, william and burton, nancy allen (bozarth) white county tennessee birth could have been 1827 instead of 1833
1834/--/-- 0 - a quadruple alliance is formed to aid isabella ii of spain and maria ii of portugal.
1834/--/-- 0 - american inventor jacob perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834/--/-- 0 - british politician sir robert peel founds the conservative party.
1834/--/-- 0 - indian territory founded
1834/--/-- 0 - slavery abolished in british empire
1834/--/-- 0 - the carlist wars resume in spain.
1834/--/-- 0 - the hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in london.
1834/--/-- 0 - the whig party is formed to oppose andrew jackson and the democratic party.
1835/--/-- 1 - american settlers begin the texas revolution against mexican rule.
1835/--/-- 1 - attempts to move the seminole indians begins the second seminole war.
1835/--/-- 1 - danish writer hans christian andersen publishes tales told for children.
1835/--/-- 1 - french politician alexis de tocqueville publishes democracy in america.
1835/--/-- 1 - james gordon bennett founds the new york herald newspaper.
1835/--/-- 1 - second seminole war in florida
1835/02/23 1 *** smith, mary ball (bozarth) [wife] - born tennessee
1836/--/-- 2 - american educator william holmes mcguffey begins editing his readers.
1836/--/-- 2 - american inventor samuel colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836/--/-- 2 - american literary figure ralph waldo emerson founds the transcendental club.
1836/--/-- 2 - arkansas is inaugurated as the 25th state of the union.
1836/--/-- 2 - boer (afrikaner) settlers begin the great trek into the south african interior.
1836/--/-- 2 - bolivian president santa cruz invades peru and forms the peru-bolivian confederation.
1836/--/-- 2 - charles barry designs westminster palace in the gothic revival style.
1836/--/-- 2 - charles dickens publishes his first popular work the pickwick papers.
1836/--/-- 2 - john c. calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent congress debating slavery.
1836/--/-- 2 - republic of texas forms
1836/--/-- 2 - russian author nikolai gogol writes his play the inspector general.
1836/--/-- 2 - santa anna's army storms the alamo in texas, killing the defenders.
1836/--/-- 2 - texans under sam houston defeat santa anna at the san jacinto river.
1836/--/-- 2 - texas revolution
1836/--/-- 2 - the arc de triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in paris.
1837/--/-- 3 - britain's refusal to grant more home rule in canada leads to the rebellions of 1837.
1837/--/-- 3 - british scientist charles wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837/--/-- 3 - charles dickens "oliver twist"
1837/--/-- 3 - louis daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837/--/-- 3 - martin van buren (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1837/--/-- 3 - michigan is inaugurated as the 26th state of the union.
1837/--/-- 3 - mikhail lermontov writes the death of a poet, inspired by the death of pushkin.
1837/--/-- 3 - russian poet aleksandr pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837/--/-- 3 - scottish historian thomas carlyle publishes the french revolution.
1837/--/-- 3 - seminole indian leader osceola is captured.
1837/--/-- 3 - van buren is inaugurated as the 8th u.s. president; johnson becomes vice-president.
1837/--/-- 3 - william iv dies; victoria succeeds him as queen of england, scotland, and ireland.
1837/06/-- 4 - victoria succeeds as queen of great britain and ireland.
1838/--/-- 4 - boer (afrikaner) leader andries pretorius defeats the zulus at the battle of blood river.
1838/--/-- 4 - british artist joseph mallord william turner paints the fighting temeraire.
1838/--/-- 4 - charles wilkes heads a u.s. navy expedition to antarctica.
1838/--/-- 4 - cherokee "trail of tears"
1838/--/-- 4 - french philosopher auguste comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838/--/-- 4 - iowa territory organized
1838/--/-- 4 - john deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838/--/-- 4 - samuel f.b. morse develops the morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838/--/-- 4 - scottish blacksmith kirkpatrick macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838/06/08 5 - victoria crowned queen of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by will
1839/--/-- 5 - american inventor charles goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839/--/-- 5 - chile defeats santa cruz's peru-bolivian confederation at the battle of yungay.
1839/--/-- 5 - daguerre invents first form of photography
1839/--/-- 5 - french novelist stendhal writes the charterhouse of parma.
1839/--/-- 5 - hungarian composer and pianist franz liszt embarks on a concert tour of europe.
1839/--/-- 5 - jose rafael carrera captures guatemala; the central american federation is dissolved.
1839/--/-- 5 - stephens and catherwood explore maya ruins in the yucatan.
1839/--/-- 5 - the anglo-afghan wars begin in afghanistan.
1839/--/-- 5 - the opium wars begin between britain and china.
1839/--/-- 5 - theodor schwann and matthias jakob schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840/--/-- 6 - civil war breaks out in uruguay between the colorados (reds) and blancos (whites).
1840/--/-- 6 - edgar allen poe: "tales of the grotesque and arabesque"
1840/--/-- 6 - french philosopher and anarchist pierre joseph proudhon writes what is property.
1840/--/-- 6 - horatio greenough's classical statue of george washington is strongly criticized.
1840/--/-- 6 - maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to queen victoria in the treaty of waitangi.
1840/--/-- 6 - queen victoria marries prince albert of saxe-coburg.
1840/--/-- 6 - swiss-american naturalist louis agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840/--/-- 6 - the liberty party is founded in albany, n.y. based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840/--/-- 6 - the underground railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the u.s.
1840/--/-- 6 - the first adhesive postage stamp, the penny black, is issued in london.
1840/--/-- 6 - the metric system of measurement is reinstated in france.
1840/--/-- 6 - upper and lower canada are united in the single province of canada.
1840/--/-- 6 - upper and lower canada united
1840/12/07 7 *** bozarth, levi [grandfather] - died dekalb county, tennessee
1841/--/-- 7 - edgar allan poe writes an early detective story the murders in the rue morgue.
1841/--/-- 7 - george grey is appointed governor of south australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- 7 - harrison is inaugurated as the 9th u.s. president; tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- 7 - horace greeley founds the new york tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- 7 - italian ballerina carlotta grisi creates the role of giselle.
1841/--/-- 7 - john tyler (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 7 - muhammad ali defeats the ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of egypt.
1841/--/-- 7 - new zealand is established as a separate british colony.
1841/--/-- 7 - president harrison dies; john tyler is inaugurated as the 10th u.s. president
1841/--/-- 7 - whig prime minister lord melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by sir robert peel.
1841/--/-- 7 - william henry harrison (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 7 - william henry talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1842/--/-- 8 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in massachusetts
1842/--/-- 8 - american explorer john c. fremont begins surveying the oregon trail.
1842/--/-- 8 - american showman p.t. barnum discovers the 40-inch midget tom thumb.
1842/--/-- 8 - austrian physicist christian johann doppler predicts the doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 8 - china cedes hong kong to britain.
1842/--/-- 8 - china is defeated in the first opium war; chinese ports are opened to british trade.
1842/--/-- 8 - italian composer gaetano donizetti writes his opera don pasquale.
1843/--/-- 9 - a coup in greece forces king otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 9 - black american sojourner truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 9 - danish philosopher soren kierkegaard publishes either/or.
1843/--/-- 9 - english art critic john ruskin begins publishing modern painters.
1843/--/-- 9 - german astronomer samuel schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 10 - alexander dumas "the three muskateers"
1844/--/-- 10 - eastern hispaniola declares independence from haiti as the dominican republic.
1844/--/-- 10 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas pere) publishes the three musketeers.
1844/--/-- 10 - joseph smith, founder of the mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 10 - samuel f.b. morse establishes the first u.s. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 10 - settlers in new south wales force britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 10 - the young men's christian association (ymca) is founded in england.
1844/--/-- 10 - william henry talbot begins his pencil of nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 11 - american author margaret fuller publishes women in the nineteenth century.
1845/--/-- 11 - british archaeologist austen layard excavates the sites of nimrud and nineveh.
1845/--/-- 11 - civil war ends in peru; castilla ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 11 - failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in ireland.
1845/--/-- 11 - florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 11 - french artists gavarni and grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 11 - german composer robert schumann writes his piano concerto in a minor.
1845/--/-- 11 - german scientist alexander von humboldt publishes the first volume of his kosmos.
1845/--/-- 11 - james k. polk (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1845/--/-- 11 - polk is inaugurated as the 11th u.s. president; dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 11 - sir john franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the northwest passage.
1845/--/-- 11 - the republic of texas becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 11 - the republic of texas is annexed by the u.s.; it becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 11 - the sikh wars begin in british india.
1845/--/-- 11 - the first clipper ship the rainbow is built in new york.
1845/--/-- 11 - the term manifest destiny is first used in defense of u.s. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 12 - adolphe sax patents the saxophone in paris.
1846/--/-- 12 - american dentist william morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 12 - german astronomer johann galle makes the first observation of the planet neptune.
1846/--/-- 12 - german philosopher ludwig feuerbach publishes the essence of religion.
1846/--/-- 12 - henry creswicke rawlinson deciphers the mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 12 - iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the union.
1846/--/-- 12 - mexican war
1846/--/-- 12 - mormon trek from navoo to salt lake city
1846/--/-- 12 - oregon boundary with canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 12 - the christy minstrels begin performing in new york.
1846/--/-- 12 - the mexican war begins over the u.s. annexation of texas.
1846/--/-- 12 - the mexican government collapses; santa anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 12 - the smithsonian institution is created by congress.
1846/--/-- 12 - the border between the u.s. and canada is established, settling the oregon question.
1846/--/-- 12 - u.s. forces under stephen watts kearny occupy new mexico.
1846/--/-- 12 - u.s. forces under zachary taylor defeat the mexicans at palo alto and monterrey.
1846/--/-- 12 - writer and artist edward lear publishes a book of nonsense.
1847/--/-- 13 - american missionary marcus whitman is killed by cayuse indians in oregon.
1847/--/-- 13 - american oceanographer matthew maury publishes his first wind and current charts.
1847/--/-- 13 - charlotte bronte publishes jane eyre; emily bronte publishes wuthering heights.
1847/--/-- 13 - english novelist william makepeace thackeray begins vanity fair.
1847/--/-- 13 - honore de balzac completes la comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 13 - italian statesman cavour founds the liberal newspaper il risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 13 - maria mitchell, the first woman astronomer in america, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 13 - mormons and the indians
1847/--/-- 13 - scott enters mexico city after a series of battles; mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 13 - sir james simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 13 - taylor defeats santa anna's mexican army at the battle of buena vista.
1847/--/-- 13 - the african slave colony of liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 13 - the american medical association is founded.
1847/--/-- 13 - the mormons under brigham young found salt lake city.
1847/--/-- 13 - the u.s. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 13 - u.s. forces under stockton, fremont and kearny occupy california.
1847/--/-- 13 - u.s. forces under winfield scott land at veracruz and advance on mexico city.
1848/--/-- 14 - a czech uprising under frantisek palacky is suppressed by austria.
1848/--/-- 14 - american engineer james bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 14 - february revolution by french workers makes louis napoleon iii president of 2nd reublic
1848/--/-- 14 - ferdinand i abdicates; francis joseph becomes emperor of austria.
1848/--/-- 14 - french barbizon artist theodore rousseau paints the forest at fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 14 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas fils) publishes his novel camille.
1848/--/-- 14 - gold discovered in california
1848/--/-- 14 - holman hunt, millais and rossetti form the pre-raphaelite brotherhood in britain.
1848/--/-- 14 - karl marx and friedrich engels publish the communist manifesto.
1848/--/-- 14 - karl marx and friedrick engels publish "communist manifesto"
1848/--/-- 14 - louis philippe abdicates; a second republic is declared in france.
1848/--/-- 14 - mexican cession
1848/--/-- 14 - risorgimento leader garibaldi returns to italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 14 - scottish physicist william thomson kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 14 - the austrian revolution begins in vienna; chancellor metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 14 - the revolutions of 1848 break out in europe.
1848/--/-- 14 - the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo ratifies the cession of california and new mexico.
1848/--/-- 14 - the discovery of gold at sutter's mill begins the california gold rush.
1848/--/-- 14 - the first u.s. women's rights assembly meets at the seneca falls convention.
1848/--/-- 14 - uprisings in berlin force frederick william iv to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 14 - wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the union.
1849/--/-- 15 - amelia bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 15 - austrian forces crush the italian revolution; mazzini and garibaldi flee from italy.
1849/--/-- 15 - austrian premier felix schwarzenberg uses the russian army to defeat the hungarians.
1849/--/-- 15 - black slave harriet tubman escapes and begins her underground railway work.
1849/--/-- 15 - elizabeth blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 15 - francois rene de chateaubriand publishes memoirs from beyond the tomb.
1849/--/-- 15 - french physicist armand fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 15 - lajos kossuth declares hungarian independence from austria.
1849/--/-- 15 - russian anarchist mikhail bakunin is deported to siberia.
1849/--/-- 15 - taylor is inaugurated as the 12th u.s. president; fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 15 - zachary taylor (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 16 - allan pinkerton founds the pinkerton national detective agency.
1850/--/-- 16 - american author nathaniel hawthorne writes the scarlet letter.
1850/--/-- 16 - american popular songwriter stephen foster publishes camptown races.
1850/--/-- 16 - california is inaugurated as the 31st state of the union.
1850/--/-- 16 - congress reinforces the fugitive slave law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 16 - elizabeth barrett browning publishes her sonnets from the portuguese.
1850/--/-- 16 - english author charles dickens writes david copperfield.
1850/--/-- 16 - french realist artist gustave courbet paints the stone breakers.
1850/--/-- 16 - jenny lind the swedish nightingale begins her u.s. tour.
1850/--/-- 16 - millard fillmore (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 16 - nathanial hawthorne "the scarlet letter"
1850/--/-- 16 - photographer mathew brady publishes the gallery of illustrious americans.
1850/--/-- 16 - plains indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 16 - president taylor dies; millard fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th u.s. president.
1850/--/-- 16 - the compromise of 1850 establishes california as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 16 - the taiping rebellion breaks out in china against the ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 16 - the first issue of harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 16 - utah and new mexico territories
1851/--/-- 17 - a gold rush begins in victoria, australia; victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 17 - american author herman melville publishes moby-dick.
1851/--/-- 17 - giuseppe verdi's opera rigoletto is produced in venice.
1851/--/-- 17 - harriet beecher stowe begins publishing uncle tom's cabin.
1851/--/-- 17 - henry jarvis raymond and george jones found the new york times.
1851/--/-- 17 - isaac merrit singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 17 - jacob fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in baltimore.
1851/--/-- 17 - melville "moby dick"
1851/--/-- 17 - mongkut (rama iv) becomes king of siam (thailand).
1851/--/-- 17 - singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 17 - the crystal palace is built in london to house the great exhibition.
1851/--/-- 17 - the u.s. yacht america defeats 17 british yachts in the first america's cup contest.
1851/--/-- 17 - the first college sorority is established at wesleyan college, georgia.
1852/--/-- 18 - argentinean dictator rosas is defeated by forces under urquiza at monte caseros.
1852/--/-- 18 - britain gains control of the irrawaddy delta after the second anglo-burma war.
1852/--/-- 18 - the grimms begin publication of their deutsches worterbuch (german dictionary).
1852/--/-- 18 - the second empire begins in france under napoleon iii.
1853/--/-- 19 - a u.s. naval squadron under matthew perry enters tokyo bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 19 - chinese rebels capture nanking and make it the capital of the taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 19 - crimean war between turkey, france & britain against russia
1853/--/-- 19 - franklin pierce (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1853/--/-- 19 - franklin pierce is inaugurated as the 14th u.s. president; king becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 19 - general santa anna becomes dictator of mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 19 - georges haussmann begins the reconstruction of paris.
1853/--/-- 19 - napoleon iii marries the empress eugenie.
1853/--/-- 19 - richard wagner begins his cycle of four operas the ring of the nibelung.
1853/--/-- 19 - russia occupies the turkish principalities of moldavia and walachia.
1853/--/-- 19 - the u.s. adds land to new mexico and arizona with the gadsden purchase.
1853/--/-- 19 - turkey issues an ultimatum to russia; the russians destroy the turkish fleet at sinope.
1854/--/-- 20 - a commercial treaty is signed between the u.s. and japan, ending japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 20 - american writer and naturalist henry david thoreau publishes walden.
1854/--/-- 20 - an anglo-french-turkish expeditionary force lands at sevastopol in the crimea.
1854/--/-- 20 - britain and france declare war on russia, beginning the crimean war.
1854/--/-- 20 - nebraska and kansas territories
1854/--/-- 20 - pope pius ix proclaims the dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin mary.
1854/--/-- 20 - raphaelite artist holman hunt paints the scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 20 - republican party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 20 - smith & wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 20 - the allied armies defeat the russians at the battle of inkerman.
1854/--/-- 20 - the british grant independence to the orange free state in south africa.
1854/--/-- 20 - the charge of the light brigade is made by the british during the battle of balaklava.
1854/--/-- 20 - the kansas-nebraska act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 20 - the republican party is formed after the passage of the kansas-nebraska act.
1854/--/-- 20 - upper half of indian territory becomes part of kansas territory
1854/07/21 21 *** smith, mary ball (bozarth) [wife] & bozarth, james henry - married married in smithville, dekalb county, tennessee
1855/--/-- 21 - british photographer roger fenton documents the crimean war.
1855/--/-- 21 - florence nightingale reforms hygienic standards in crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 21 - henry wadsworth longfellow publishes the songs of hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 21 - lord palmerston becomes prime minister of great britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 21 - matthew fontaine maury publishes the physical geography of the sea.
1855/--/-- 21 - mexican dictator santa anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 21 - nicholas i, emperor of russia dies; he is succeeded by his son alexander ii.
1855/--/-- 21 - robert browning publishes his poetry collection men and women.
1855/--/-- 21 - scottish explorer david livingstone discovers the victoria falls in africa.
1855/--/-- 21 - the allies occupy the russian fortress at sevastapol in the crimea.
1855/--/-- 21 - the first formal ice hockey game is played in kingston, ontario.
1855/--/-- 21 - walt whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the leaves of grass.
1856/--/-- 22 - a new opium war begins between china, britain and france.
1856/--/-- 22 - english chemist william perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 22 - the treaty of paris ends the crimean war.
1856/--/-- 22 - the first neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in germany.
1856/--/-- 22 - victor hugo writes les miserables during his exile from france.
1857/--/-- 23 - buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th u.s. president; breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 23 - disputes between mormons and non-mormon settlers leads to the utah war.
1857/--/-- 23 - elisha graves otis installs the first passenger elevator in a new york city store.
1857/--/-- 23 - english author thomas hughes publishes tom brown's schooldays.
1857/--/-- 23 - french novelist gustave flaubert publishes madame bovary.
1857/--/-- 23 - french poet baudelaire publishes flowers of evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 23 - james buchanan (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1857/--/-- 23 - kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 23 - mormons and paiute indians kill 120 settlers in the mountain meadows massacre.
1857/--/-- 23 - the indian mutiny begins when indian troops rebel against the british in meerut.
1857/--/-- 23 - the oxford english dictionary is begun in england.
1858/--/-- 24 - benito juarez becomes the first mexican president of indian descent.
1858/--/-- 24 - bernadette soubirous sees visions of the vigin mary in a grotto near lourdes, france.
1858/--/-- 24 - britain and france impose the tientsin treaty on china.
1858/--/-- 24 - british explorer john hanning speke discovers lake victoria in africa.
1858/--/-- 24 - british naturalist alfred russel wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 24 - charles frederick worth establishes his paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 24 - cyrus w. field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 24 - federal forces end the utah war; brigham young is replaced as governor of utah territory.
1858/--/-- 24 - french photographer nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 24 - german-american artist albert bierstadt begins his landscapes of the american west.
1858/--/-- 24 - jacques offenbach's operetta orpheus in the underworld premiers in paris.
1858/--/-- 24 - james renwick begins the design of saint patrick's cathedral in new york city.
1858/--/-- 24 - minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the union.
1858/--/-- 24 - the fenians (irish republican brotherhood) are founded to overthrow british rule.
1858/--/-- 24 - the indian mutiny is suppressed by the british army and loyal indian troops.
1858/--/-- 24 - the government of india is transferred from the east india company to the british crown.
1859/--/-- 25 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 25 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- 25 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- 25 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- 25 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 25 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- 25 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- 25 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1859/03/07 25 *** pierce, sarah -sally- (bozarth) [grandmother] - died dekalb county, tennessee mount holly cemetery, smithville
1860/--/-- 26 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 26 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 26 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 26 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 26 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 26 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 26 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 26 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 26 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 26 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 26 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 26 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 27 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 27 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 27 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 27 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 27 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 27 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 27 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 27 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 27 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 27 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 27 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 27 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 27 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 27 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 27 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 27 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 27 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 27 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 27 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 27 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 27 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1862/--/-- 28 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 28 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 28 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 28 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 28 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 28 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 28 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 28 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 28 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 28 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 28 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 28 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 28 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 28 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 28 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 28 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 28 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 28 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 28 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 28 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 28 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 28 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 29 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 29 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 29 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 29 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 29 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 29 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 29 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 29 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 29 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 29 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 29 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 29 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 29 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 29 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 29 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 30 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 30 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 30 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 30 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 30 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 30 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 30 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 30 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 30 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 30 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 30 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 30 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 30 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1865/--/-- 31 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 31 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 31 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 31 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 31 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 31 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 31 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 31 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 31 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 31 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 31 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 31 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 31 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1866/--/-- 32 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 32 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 32 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 32 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 32 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1867/--/-- 33 *** bozarth, elijah [son] - born to bozarth, james henry and smith, mary ball (bozarth)
1867/--/-- 33 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 33 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 33 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 33 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 33 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 33 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 33 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 33 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 33 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 33 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1868/--/-- 34 - a military coup led by general juan prim deposes queen isabella ii of spain.
1868/--/-- 34 - a skeleton of cro-magnon man is discovered in southern france.
1868/--/-- 34 - british labor unions form the trades union congress.
1868/--/-- 34 - christopher sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 34 - chulalongkorn succeeds his father mongkut as the king of siam (thailand).
1868/--/-- 34 - feminists susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton publish revolution.
1868/--/-- 34 - johannes brahms' a german requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 34 - ndebele king mzilikazi dies in africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son lobengula.
1868/--/-- 34 - the meiji dynasty is restored in japan; the tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 34 - the ten years' war begins in cuba against spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 34 - u.s. president andrew johnson is impeached by congress but acquitted by the senate.
1868/--/-- 34 - william gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 35 - 200 pitched battles between indians and u.s. calvary
1869/--/-- 35 - english author matthew arnold publishes culture and anarchy.
1869/--/-- 35 - french artist eugene louis boudin paints on the beach at deauville.
1869/--/-- 35 - grant is inaugurated as the 18th u.s. president; colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 35 - james gordon bennett jr. commissions stanley to search for livingston in africa.
1869/--/-- 35 - john roebling designs the brooklyn bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 35 - louis riel leads the red river rebellion in canada.
1869/--/-- 35 - ludwig ii (mad ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in bavaria.
1869/--/-- 35 - philadelphia garment workers organize the knights of labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 35 - pope pius ix calls the first vatican council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 35 - russian composer modest mussorgsky begins work on his opera boris gudunov.
1869/--/-- 35 - suez canal opens
1869/--/-- 35 - the cincinnati red stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 35 - the suez canal is opened in egypt.
1869/--/-- 35 - the first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 35 - the transcontinental railroad is completed at promontory point, utah.
1869/--/-- 35 - ulysses s. grant (republican) becomes president of the united states
1869/--/-- 35 - union pacific meets central pacific
1870/--/-- 36 - american industrialist john d. rockefeller founds the standard oil company.
1870/--/-- 36 - french war minister leon gambetta escapes from besieged paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 36 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of troy.
1870/--/-- 36 - paraguayan dictator solano lopez dies, ending the war of the triple alliance.
1870/--/-- 36 - rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of italy.
1870/--/-- 36 - the franco-prussian war begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by bismark.
1870/--/-- 36 - the prussians defeat the french at sedan; napoleon iii is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 36 - the third republic is formed in france; a government of national defense is established.
1870/--/-- 36 - the city of miami is founded in florida.
1871/--/-- 37 - american explorer henry morton stanley finds dr. livingston in central africa.
1871/--/-- 37 - charles taze russell founds the jehovah's witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 37 - fire destroys one-third of the city of chicago.
1871/--/-- 37 - p.t barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 37 - the franco-prussian war ends; alsace and lorraine are ceded to germany.
1871/--/-- 37 - the french surrender to prussia incites the commune of paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 37 - the german empire is formally proclaimed at the palace of versailles.
1871/--/-- 37 - the paris commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 37 - trade unions legalized in britain
1871/06/18 38 *** bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) [daughter] - born to bozarth, james henry and smith, mary ball (bozarth)
1872/--/-- 38 - american artist james mcneill whistler paints the portrait of the artist's mother.
1872/--/-- 38 - english author george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 38 - indian leader kintpuash leaves the modoc reservation; the modoc wars begin.
1872/--/-- 38 - monet paints impression: sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 38 - photographer eadweard muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 38 - the challenger expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 38 - the cities of buda and pest unite to form budapest (the capital of hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 38 - the death of kamehameha v ends the kamehameha dynasty of hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 38 - the first woman impressionist artist berthe morisot paints the cradle.
1873/--/-- 39 - englishman maj. walter clopton wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 39 - french novelist jules verne publishes around the world in eighty days.
1873/--/-- 39 - the pacific scandal in canada causes the collapse of the conservative government.
1873/--/-- 39 - the panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 40 - benjamin disraeli becomes the conservative prime minister of britain.
1874/--/-- 40 - english author thomas hardy publishes far from the madding crowd.
1874/--/-- 40 - first impressionist exhibit in paris
1874/--/-- 40 - french impressionist artist pierre auguste renoir paints la loge (the box).
1874/--/-- 40 - the comanche, kiowa and other indian tribes attack adobe walls in texas.
1874/--/-- 40 - the greenback party advocates currency reform in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 40 - the first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in paris.
1875/--/-- 41 - american author mark twain publishes tom sawyer.
1875/--/-- 41 - britain buys suez canal shares from the bankrupt egyptian leader ismail pasha.
1875/--/-- 41 - charles stewart parnell begins movement for irish independence
1875/--/-- 41 - georges bizet's opera carmen is performed in paris.
1875/--/-- 41 - mary baker eddy, founder of christian science, publishes science and health.
1875/--/-- 41 - the bourbon monarchy is restored in spain under alfonso xii.
1876/--/-- 42 - abd al-hamid ii assumes his rule as the last ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 42 - alexander graham bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 42 - alexander graham bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 42 - british philosopher herbert spencer begins publishing the principles of sociology.
1876/--/-- 42 - colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the union.
1876/--/-- 42 - general porfirio diaz seizes power as the dictator of mexico.
1876/--/-- 42 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of mycenae.
1876/--/-- 42 - impressionist artist alfred sisley paints flood at the port of marly.
1876/--/-- 42 - japan forces korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of china.
1876/--/-- 42 - johann strauss jr. composes his waltz the beautiful blue danube.
1876/--/-- 42 - national league founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 42 - queen victoria assumes the title of empress of india.
1876/--/-- 42 - sioux indians defeat general custer at the battle of little bighorn.
1876/--/-- 42 - sioux and cheyenne defeat custer at little big horn, montanna
1876/--/-- 42 - the bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of wagner's ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 42 - the u.s. centennial exposition of 1876 is held in fairmount park, philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 43 - britain annexes transvaal in south africa.
1877/--/-- 43 - chief joseph leads the nez perce tribe against the u.s. army.
1877/--/-- 43 - hayes is inaugurated as the 19th u.s. president; wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 43 - italian astronomer giovanni schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on mars.
1877/--/-- 43 - nez perce leave idaho for canada
1877/--/-- 43 - rutherford b. hayes (republican) becomes president of the united states
1877/--/-- 43 - tchaikovsky's swan lake is performed by the bolshoi ballet in moscow.
1877/--/-- 43 - the all-england lawn tennis championship is played at wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 43 - the japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by saigo takamori.
1877/--/-- 43 - thomas edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 43 - turkish suppression of balkan nationalists leads to a new russo-turkish war.
1878/--/-- 44 - ismail pasha presents cleopatra's needles to britain (1878) and the u.s. (1880).
1878/--/-- 44 - northern cheyenne escape indian territory
1878/--/-- 44 - serbia, montenegro and romania are granted independence from turkey.
1878/--/-- 44 - the congress of berlin reverses russian gains from the san stefano treaty.
1878/--/-- 44 - the d'oyly carte opera company performs gilbert and sullivan's h.m.s. pinafore.
1878/--/-- 44 - the russo-turkish war ends; the treaty of san stefano is imposed on turkey.
1878/--/-- 44 - the second anglo-afghan war begins.
1878/--/-- 44 - turkey's provinces of bosnia and hercegovina are placed under austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 45 *** burton, nancy allen (bozarth) [mother] - died died before 1880 white county, tennessee
1879/--/-- 45 - belgian king leopold ii sponsors henry morton stanley's expedition to the congo.
1879/--/-- 45 - cetewayo's zulus defeat the british at isandhlwana, but are beaten at ulundi.
1879/--/-- 45 - charles stewart parnell leads the home rule for ireland party.
1879/--/-- 45 - general roca defeats the patagonian indians, opening the pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 45 - impressionist artist edgar degas paints ballerina posing for a photograph.
1879/--/-- 45 - norwegian playwright henrik ibsen writes a doll's house.
1879/--/-- 45 - tawfiq pasha succeeds his father ismail pasha as khedive (viceroy) of egypt.
1879/--/-- 45 - territorial disputes lead to the war of the pacific between chile and peru.
1879/--/-- 45 - thomas edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 45 - thomas edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 46 - american impressionist artist mary cassatt exhibits a woman in black at the opera.
1880/--/-- 46 - australian bushranger ned kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 46 - boer (afrikaner) uprisings begin against the british in transvaal, south africa.
1880/--/-- 46 - france annexes the pacific island of tahiti.
1880/--/-- 46 - french novelist emile zola writes nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 46 - german composer jacques offenbach writes the opera tales of hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 46 - gladstone succeeds disraeli as british prime minister.
1880/--/-- 46 - russian composer peter ilich tchaikovsky writes the 1812 overture.
1881/--/-- 47 *** bozarth, william [father] - died died after 1880 ??? mine lick, dekalb county, tennessee
1881/--/-- 47 - alexander ii is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in russia.
1881/--/-- 47 - chester a. arthur (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 47 - chester a. arthur is inaugurated as the 21st u.s. president.
1881/--/-- 47 - ferdinand de lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the panama canal.
1881/--/-- 47 - garfield is inaugurated as the 20th u.s. president; arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 47 - james a. garfield (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 47 - japanese statesman itagaki taisuke founds the jiyuto (liberal party).
1881/--/-- 47 - lillie langtry, mistress of the prince of wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 47 - president garfield is assassinated by charles j. guiteau.
1881/--/-- 47 - the sudanese under mahdi muhammad ahmad overthrow egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 47 - the first u.s. tennis championship is held in newport, r.i.
1881/12/08 48 *** bozarth, james henry - died dekalb county tennessee goff cem. dekalb county tn
in 1833 transportation was by:
foot
horse
sailing ship
bicycle
train
steamboat
by 1881 transportation by:
sailing ship
had been discontinued.
in 1833 communications was by:
word of mouth
post office
by 1881 communications was by:
telegraph
in addition.
in 1833 food preparation was by:
wood
in 1833 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
radio
television
theme parks
computer
in 1833 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1833 war making was by:
calvary
gun
artillery
submarine
by 1881 war making was by:
machine guns
iron clad ships
mines
in addition.
in 1833 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
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