...date... age event
1829/--/-- -1 - andrew jackson (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1829/--/-- -1 - delacroix paints "death of sardanapalus"
1829/--/-- -1 - explorer charles sturt charts the murray river in australia.
1829/--/-- -1 - jackson introduces spoils system
1829/--/-- -1 - jackson is inaugurated as the 7th u.s. president; calhoun continues as vice-president.
1829/--/-- -1 - lord bentinck bans the indian custom of suttee (the burning of widows).
1829/--/-- -1 - louis braille publishes his braille system of writing for the blind.
1829/--/-- -1 - serbia becomes an autonomous principality under prince milos.
1829/--/-- -1 - sir robert peel reorganizes the london police; his policemen are nicknamed bobbies.
1829/--/-- -1 - sir robert peel sponsers the catholic emancipation act in britain.
1829/--/-- -1 - the convict-free british colony of western australia is founded.
1829/--/-- -1 - the first u.s. encyclopedia, the encyclopedia americana, is begun.
1829/04/12 0 *** childress, nancy (elrod, goff) - born white county tn - might have been born in 1826 instead of 1829
1830/--/-- 0 *** goff, franklin [husband] - born to goff, strother and riddel, nancy (goff)
1830/--/-- 0 - belgium asserts its independence from the netherlands.
1830/--/-- 0 - british geologist charles lyell begins publishing his principles of geology.
1830/--/-- 0 - fructuoso rivera is elected as first president of uruguay.
1830/--/-- 0 - george catlin begins his paintings of north american indians about this time.
1830/--/-- 0 - greece becomes independent from turkey.
1830/--/-- 0 - hector berlioz composes his first major work the symphonie fantastique.
1830/--/-- 0 - indian removal act moves eastern indians west of mississippi
1830/--/-- 0 - joseph smith founds the mormon church at fayette, new york.
1830/--/-- 0 - louis philippe is chosen as the citizen king of france.
1830/--/-- 0 - philipon publishes the satirical weekly la caricature, with contributions by daumier.
1830/--/-- 0 - polish rebellions are suppressed by russia.
1830/--/-- 0 - simon bolivar resigns as dictator of gran colombia, he dies later in the year.
1830/--/-- 0 - the indian removal act is passed to move the southeastern tribes to indian territory.
1830/--/-- 0 - the july revolution in france forces the abdication of charles x.
1830/--/-- 0 - the women's magazine godey's lady's book is published in the u.s.
1830/--/-- 0 - the locomotive best friend of charleston is in use on the first u.s. railroad.
1830/--/-- 0 - william iv succeeds george iv as king of england, scotland, and ireland.
1831/--/-- 1 - british naturalist charles darwin sails to south america aboard h.m.s. beagle.
1831/--/-- 1 - cyrus mccormick invents a mechanical reaper.
1831/--/-- 1 - explorer james clark ross determines the position of the north magnetic pole.
1831/--/-- 1 - italian revolutionary giuseppe mazzini founds the young italy movement.
1831/--/-- 1 - jose antonio paez becomes the first president of venezuela.
1831/--/-- 1 - king louis philippe founds the french foreign legion.
1831/--/-- 1 - leopold i is selected as the first king of belgium.
1831/--/-- 1 - michael faraday demonstrates his theory of electromagnetic induction.
1831/--/-- 1 - nat turner leads a black slave revolt in virginia; he is captured and hanged.
1831/--/-- 1 - russian poet aleksandr pushkin completes his masterpiece eugene onegin.
1831/--/-- 1 - the crown colony of british guiana (guyana) is formed.
1831/--/-- 1 - victor hugo "hunchback of notre dame"
1831/--/-- 1 - william lloyd garrison publishes the abolitionist newspaper the liberator.
1832/--/-- 2 - george sand (aurore dudevant) publishes her first novel indiana.
1832/--/-- 2 - japanese artist hiroshige begins work on fifty-three stages of the tokaido.
1832/--/-- 2 - samuel f.b. morse designs improved electromagnetic telegraph
1832/--/-- 2 - the black hawk war is the last major indian conflict east of the mississippi river.
1832/--/-- 2 - the democratic party is formally established as a national organization.
1833/--/-- 3 - a bavarian prince becomes king otto of greece.
1833/--/-- 3 - britain occupies the falkland islands.
1833/--/-- 3 - carl von clausewitz's classic study of warfare on war is published.
1833/--/-- 3 - general santa anna becomes president of mexico.
1833/--/-- 3 - isabella ii succeeds ferdinand vii, king of spain; the carlist wars begin.
1833/--/-- 3 - president jackson withdraws federal deposits from the bank of the united states.
1833/--/-- 3 - santa anna elected president of mexico
1833/--/-- 3 - the american anti-slavery society is inaugurated in philadelphia.
1833/--/-- 3 - victor hugo's novel the hunchback of notre dame is published in english.
1834/--/-- 4 - a quadruple alliance is formed to aid isabella ii of spain and maria ii of portugal.
1834/--/-- 4 - american inventor jacob perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834/--/-- 4 - british politician sir robert peel founds the conservative party.
1834/--/-- 4 - indian territory founded
1834/--/-- 4 - slavery abolished in british empire
1834/--/-- 4 - the carlist wars resume in spain.
1834/--/-- 4 - the hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in london.
1834/--/-- 4 - the whig party is formed to oppose andrew jackson and the democratic party.
1835/--/-- 5 - american settlers begin the texas revolution against mexican rule.
1835/--/-- 5 - attempts to move the seminole indians begins the second seminole war.
1835/--/-- 5 - danish writer hans christian andersen publishes tales told for children.
1835/--/-- 5 - french politician alexis de tocqueville publishes democracy in america.
1835/--/-- 5 - james gordon bennett founds the new york herald newspaper.
1835/--/-- 5 - second seminole war in florida
1836/--/-- 6 - american educator william holmes mcguffey begins editing his readers.
1836/--/-- 6 - american inventor samuel colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836/--/-- 6 - american literary figure ralph waldo emerson founds the transcendental club.
1836/--/-- 6 - arkansas is inaugurated as the 25th state of the union.
1836/--/-- 6 - boer (afrikaner) settlers begin the great trek into the south african interior.
1836/--/-- 6 - bolivian president santa cruz invades peru and forms the peru-bolivian confederation.
1836/--/-- 6 - charles barry designs westminster palace in the gothic revival style.
1836/--/-- 6 - charles dickens publishes his first popular work the pickwick papers.
1836/--/-- 6 - john c. calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent congress debating slavery.
1836/--/-- 6 - republic of texas forms
1836/--/-- 6 - russian author nikolai gogol writes his play the inspector general.
1836/--/-- 6 - santa anna's army storms the alamo in texas, killing the defenders.
1836/--/-- 6 - texans under sam houston defeat santa anna at the san jacinto river.
1836/--/-- 6 - texas revolution
1836/--/-- 6 - the arc de triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in paris.
1837/--/-- 7 - britain's refusal to grant more home rule in canada leads to the rebellions of 1837.
1837/--/-- 7 - british scientist charles wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837/--/-- 7 - charles dickens "oliver twist"
1837/--/-- 7 - louis daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837/--/-- 7 - martin van buren (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1837/--/-- 7 - michigan is inaugurated as the 26th state of the union.
1837/--/-- 7 - mikhail lermontov writes the death of a poet, inspired by the death of pushkin.
1837/--/-- 7 - russian poet aleksandr pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837/--/-- 7 - scottish historian thomas carlyle publishes the french revolution.
1837/--/-- 7 - seminole indian leader osceola is captured.
1837/--/-- 7 - van buren is inaugurated as the 8th u.s. president; johnson becomes vice-president.
1837/--/-- 7 - william iv dies; victoria succeeds him as queen of england, scotland, and ireland.
1837/06/-- 8 - victoria succeeds as queen of great britain and ireland.
1838/--/-- 8 - boer (afrikaner) leader andries pretorius defeats the zulus at the battle of blood river.
1838/--/-- 8 - british artist joseph mallord william turner paints the fighting temeraire.
1838/--/-- 8 - charles wilkes heads a u.s. navy expedition to antarctica.
1838/--/-- 8 - cherokee "trail of tears"
1838/--/-- 8 - french philosopher auguste comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838/--/-- 8 - iowa territory organized
1838/--/-- 8 - john deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838/--/-- 8 - samuel f.b. morse develops the morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838/--/-- 8 - scottish blacksmith kirkpatrick macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838/06/08 9 - victoria crowned queen of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by will
1839/--/-- 9 - american inventor charles goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839/--/-- 9 - chile defeats santa cruz's peru-bolivian confederation at the battle of yungay.
1839/--/-- 9 - daguerre invents first form of photography
1839/--/-- 9 - french novelist stendhal writes the charterhouse of parma.
1839/--/-- 9 - hungarian composer and pianist franz liszt embarks on a concert tour of europe.
1839/--/-- 9 - jose rafael carrera captures guatemala; the central american federation is dissolved.
1839/--/-- 9 - stephens and catherwood explore maya ruins in the yucatan.
1839/--/-- 9 - the anglo-afghan wars begin in afghanistan.
1839/--/-- 9 - the opium wars begin between britain and china.
1839/--/-- 9 - theodor schwann and matthias jakob schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840/--/-- 10 - civil war breaks out in uruguay between the colorados (reds) and blancos (whites).
1840/--/-- 10 - edgar allen poe: "tales of the grotesque and arabesque"
1840/--/-- 10 - french philosopher and anarchist pierre joseph proudhon writes what is property.
1840/--/-- 10 - horatio greenough's classical statue of george washington is strongly criticized.
1840/--/-- 10 - maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to queen victoria in the treaty of waitangi.
1840/--/-- 10 - queen victoria marries prince albert of saxe-coburg.
1840/--/-- 10 - swiss-american naturalist louis agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840/--/-- 10 - the liberty party is founded in albany, n.y. based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840/--/-- 10 - the underground railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the u.s.
1840/--/-- 10 - the first adhesive postage stamp, the penny black, is issued in london.
1840/--/-- 10 - the metric system of measurement is reinstated in france.
1840/--/-- 10 - upper and lower canada are united in the single province of canada.
1840/--/-- 10 - upper and lower canada united
1841/--/-- 11 - edgar allan poe writes an early detective story the murders in the rue morgue.
1841/--/-- 11 - george grey is appointed governor of south australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- 11 - harrison is inaugurated as the 9th u.s. president; tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- 11 - horace greeley founds the new york tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- 11 - italian ballerina carlotta grisi creates the role of giselle.
1841/--/-- 11 - john tyler (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 11 - muhammad ali defeats the ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of egypt.
1841/--/-- 11 - new zealand is established as a separate british colony.
1841/--/-- 11 - president harrison dies; john tyler is inaugurated as the 10th u.s. president
1841/--/-- 11 - whig prime minister lord melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by sir robert peel.
1841/--/-- 11 - william henry harrison (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 11 - william henry talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1842/--/-- 12 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in massachusetts
1842/--/-- 12 - american explorer john c. fremont begins surveying the oregon trail.
1842/--/-- 12 - american showman p.t. barnum discovers the 40-inch midget tom thumb.
1842/--/-- 12 - austrian physicist christian johann doppler predicts the doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 12 - china cedes hong kong to britain.
1842/--/-- 12 - china is defeated in the first opium war; chinese ports are opened to british trade.
1842/--/-- 12 - italian composer gaetano donizetti writes his opera don pasquale.
1843/--/-- 13 - a coup in greece forces king otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 13 - black american sojourner truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 13 - danish philosopher soren kierkegaard publishes either/or.
1843/--/-- 13 - english art critic john ruskin begins publishing modern painters.
1843/--/-- 13 - german astronomer samuel schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 14 - alexander dumas "the three muskateers"
1844/--/-- 14 - eastern hispaniola declares independence from haiti as the dominican republic.
1844/--/-- 14 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas pere) publishes the three musketeers.
1844/--/-- 14 - joseph smith, founder of the mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 14 - samuel f.b. morse establishes the first u.s. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 14 - settlers in new south wales force britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 14 - the young men's christian association (ymca) is founded in england.
1844/--/-- 14 - william henry talbot begins his pencil of nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 15 - american author margaret fuller publishes women in the nineteenth century.
1845/--/-- 15 - british archaeologist austen layard excavates the sites of nimrud and nineveh.
1845/--/-- 15 - civil war ends in peru; castilla ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 15 - failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in ireland.
1845/--/-- 15 - florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 15 - french artists gavarni and grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 15 - german composer robert schumann writes his piano concerto in a minor.
1845/--/-- 15 - german scientist alexander von humboldt publishes the first volume of his kosmos.
1845/--/-- 15 - james k. polk (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1845/--/-- 15 - polk is inaugurated as the 11th u.s. president; dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 15 - sir john franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the northwest passage.
1845/--/-- 15 - the republic of texas becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 15 - the republic of texas is annexed by the u.s.; it becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 15 - the sikh wars begin in british india.
1845/--/-- 15 - the first clipper ship the rainbow is built in new york.
1845/--/-- 15 - the term manifest destiny is first used in defense of u.s. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 16 - adolphe sax patents the saxophone in paris.
1846/--/-- 16 - american dentist william morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 16 - german astronomer johann galle makes the first observation of the planet neptune.
1846/--/-- 16 - german philosopher ludwig feuerbach publishes the essence of religion.
1846/--/-- 16 - henry creswicke rawlinson deciphers the mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 16 - iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the union.
1846/--/-- 16 - mexican war
1846/--/-- 16 - mormon trek from navoo to salt lake city
1846/--/-- 16 - oregon boundary with canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 16 - the christy minstrels begin performing in new york.
1846/--/-- 16 - the mexican war begins over the u.s. annexation of texas.
1846/--/-- 16 - the mexican government collapses; santa anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 16 - the smithsonian institution is created by congress.
1846/--/-- 16 - the border between the u.s. and canada is established, settling the oregon question.
1846/--/-- 16 - u.s. forces under stephen watts kearny occupy new mexico.
1846/--/-- 16 - u.s. forces under zachary taylor defeat the mexicans at palo alto and monterrey.
1846/--/-- 16 - writer and artist edward lear publishes a book of nonsense.
1847/--/-- 17 - american missionary marcus whitman is killed by cayuse indians in oregon.
1847/--/-- 17 - american oceanographer matthew maury publishes his first wind and current charts.
1847/--/-- 17 - charlotte bronte publishes jane eyre; emily bronte publishes wuthering heights.
1847/--/-- 17 - english novelist william makepeace thackeray begins vanity fair.
1847/--/-- 17 - honore de balzac completes la comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 17 - italian statesman cavour founds the liberal newspaper il risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 17 - maria mitchell, the first woman astronomer in america, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 17 - mormons and the indians
1847/--/-- 17 - scott enters mexico city after a series of battles; mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 17 - sir james simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 17 - taylor defeats santa anna's mexican army at the battle of buena vista.
1847/--/-- 17 - the african slave colony of liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 17 - the american medical association is founded.
1847/--/-- 17 - the mormons under brigham young found salt lake city.
1847/--/-- 17 - the u.s. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 17 - u.s. forces under stockton, fremont and kearny occupy california.
1847/--/-- 17 - u.s. forces under winfield scott land at veracruz and advance on mexico city.
1848/--/-- 18 - a czech uprising under frantisek palacky is suppressed by austria.
1848/--/-- 18 - american engineer james bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 18 - february revolution by french workers makes louis napoleon iii president of 2nd reublic
1848/--/-- 18 - ferdinand i abdicates; francis joseph becomes emperor of austria.
1848/--/-- 18 - french barbizon artist theodore rousseau paints the forest at fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 18 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas fils) publishes his novel camille.
1848/--/-- 18 - gold discovered in california
1848/--/-- 18 - holman hunt, millais and rossetti form the pre-raphaelite brotherhood in britain.
1848/--/-- 18 - karl marx and friedrich engels publish the communist manifesto.
1848/--/-- 18 - karl marx and friedrick engels publish "communist manifesto"
1848/--/-- 18 - louis philippe abdicates; a second republic is declared in france.
1848/--/-- 18 - mexican cession
1848/--/-- 18 - risorgimento leader garibaldi returns to italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 18 - scottish physicist william thomson kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 18 - the austrian revolution begins in vienna; chancellor metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 18 - the revolutions of 1848 break out in europe.
1848/--/-- 18 - the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo ratifies the cession of california and new mexico.
1848/--/-- 18 - the discovery of gold at sutter's mill begins the california gold rush.
1848/--/-- 18 - the first u.s. women's rights assembly meets at the seneca falls convention.
1848/--/-- 18 - uprisings in berlin force frederick william iv to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 18 - wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the union.
1849/--/-- 19 - amelia bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 19 - austrian forces crush the italian revolution; mazzini and garibaldi flee from italy.
1849/--/-- 19 - austrian premier felix schwarzenberg uses the russian army to defeat the hungarians.
1849/--/-- 19 - black slave harriet tubman escapes and begins her underground railway work.
1849/--/-- 19 - elizabeth blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 19 - francois rene de chateaubriand publishes memoirs from beyond the tomb.
1849/--/-- 19 - french physicist armand fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 19 - lajos kossuth declares hungarian independence from austria.
1849/--/-- 19 - russian anarchist mikhail bakunin is deported to siberia.
1849/--/-- 19 - taylor is inaugurated as the 12th u.s. president; fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 19 - zachary taylor (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 20 - allan pinkerton founds the pinkerton national detective agency.
1850/--/-- 20 - american author nathaniel hawthorne writes the scarlet letter.
1850/--/-- 20 - american popular songwriter stephen foster publishes camptown races.
1850/--/-- 20 - california is inaugurated as the 31st state of the union.
1850/--/-- 20 - congress reinforces the fugitive slave law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 20 - elizabeth barrett browning publishes her sonnets from the portuguese.
1850/--/-- 20 - english author charles dickens writes david copperfield.
1850/--/-- 20 - french realist artist gustave courbet paints the stone breakers.
1850/--/-- 20 - jenny lind the swedish nightingale begins her u.s. tour.
1850/--/-- 20 - millard fillmore (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 20 - nathanial hawthorne "the scarlet letter"
1850/--/-- 20 - photographer mathew brady publishes the gallery of illustrious americans.
1850/--/-- 20 - plains indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 20 - president taylor dies; millard fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th u.s. president.
1850/--/-- 20 - the compromise of 1850 establishes california as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 20 - the taiping rebellion breaks out in china against the ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 20 - the first issue of harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 20 - utah and new mexico territories
1851/--/-- 21 - a gold rush begins in victoria, australia; victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 21 - american author herman melville publishes moby-dick.
1851/--/-- 21 - giuseppe verdi's opera rigoletto is produced in venice.
1851/--/-- 21 - harriet beecher stowe begins publishing uncle tom's cabin.
1851/--/-- 21 - henry jarvis raymond and george jones found the new york times.
1851/--/-- 21 - isaac merrit singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 21 - jacob fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in baltimore.
1851/--/-- 21 - melville "moby dick"
1851/--/-- 21 - mongkut (rama iv) becomes king of siam (thailand).
1851/--/-- 21 - singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 21 - the crystal palace is built in london to house the great exhibition.
1851/--/-- 21 - the u.s. yacht america defeats 17 british yachts in the first america's cup contest.
1851/--/-- 21 - the first college sorority is established at wesleyan college, georgia.
1851/01/09 21 *** elrod, william [husband] & childress, nancy (elrod, goff) - married dekalb county tn
1852/--/-- 22 - argentinean dictator rosas is defeated by forces under urquiza at monte caseros.
1852/--/-- 22 - britain gains control of the irrawaddy delta after the second anglo-burma war.
1852/--/-- 22 - the grimms begin publication of their deutsches worterbuch (german dictionary).
1852/--/-- 22 - the second empire begins in france under napoleon iii.
1853/--/-- 23 - a u.s. naval squadron under matthew perry enters tokyo bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 23 - chinese rebels capture nanking and make it the capital of the taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 23 - crimean war between turkey, france & britain against russia
1853/--/-- 23 - franklin pierce (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1853/--/-- 23 - franklin pierce is inaugurated as the 14th u.s. president; king becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 23 - general santa anna becomes dictator of mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 23 - georges haussmann begins the reconstruction of paris.
1853/--/-- 23 - napoleon iii marries the empress eugenie.
1853/--/-- 23 - richard wagner begins his cycle of four operas the ring of the nibelung.
1853/--/-- 23 - russia occupies the turkish principalities of moldavia and walachia.
1853/--/-- 23 - the u.s. adds land to new mexico and arizona with the gadsden purchase.
1853/--/-- 23 - turkey issues an ultimatum to russia; the russians destroy the turkish fleet at sinope.
1854/--/-- 24 - a commercial treaty is signed between the u.s. and japan, ending japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 24 - american writer and naturalist henry david thoreau publishes walden.
1854/--/-- 24 - an anglo-french-turkish expeditionary force lands at sevastopol in the crimea.
1854/--/-- 24 - britain and france declare war on russia, beginning the crimean war.
1854/--/-- 24 - nebraska and kansas territories
1854/--/-- 24 - pope pius ix proclaims the dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin mary.
1854/--/-- 24 - raphaelite artist holman hunt paints the scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 24 - republican party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 24 - smith & wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 24 - the allied armies defeat the russians at the battle of inkerman.
1854/--/-- 24 - the british grant independence to the orange free state in south africa.
1854/--/-- 24 - the charge of the light brigade is made by the british during the battle of balaklava.
1854/--/-- 24 - the kansas-nebraska act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 24 - the republican party is formed after the passage of the kansas-nebraska act.
1854/--/-- 24 - upper half of indian territory becomes part of kansas territory
1854/02/01 24 *** goff, james m. -jimmy- [son] - born to goff, franklin and childress, nancy (elrod, goff) white county, tennessee
1855/--/-- 25 - british photographer roger fenton documents the crimean war.
1855/--/-- 25 - florence nightingale reforms hygienic standards in crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 25 - henry wadsworth longfellow publishes the songs of hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 25 - lord palmerston becomes prime minister of great britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 25 - matthew fontaine maury publishes the physical geography of the sea.
1855/--/-- 25 - mexican dictator santa anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 25 - nicholas i, emperor of russia dies; he is succeeded by his son alexander ii.
1855/--/-- 25 - robert browning publishes his poetry collection men and women.
1855/--/-- 25 - scottish explorer david livingstone discovers the victoria falls in africa.
1855/--/-- 25 - the allies occupy the russian fortress at sevastapol in the crimea.
1855/--/-- 25 - the first formal ice hockey game is played in kingston, ontario.
1855/--/-- 25 - walt whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the leaves of grass.
1856/--/-- 26 - a new opium war begins between china, britain and france.
1856/--/-- 26 - english chemist william perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 26 - the treaty of paris ends the crimean war.
1856/--/-- 26 - the first neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in germany.
1856/--/-- 26 - victor hugo writes les miserables during his exile from france.
1856/05/02 27 *** goff, franklin [husband] & childress, nancy (elrod, goff) - married dekalb county tn
1857/--/-- 27 - buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th u.s. president; breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 27 - disputes between mormons and non-mormon settlers leads to the utah war.
1857/--/-- 27 - elisha graves otis installs the first passenger elevator in a new york city store.
1857/--/-- 27 - english author thomas hughes publishes tom brown's schooldays.
1857/--/-- 27 - french novelist gustave flaubert publishes madame bovary.
1857/--/-- 27 - french poet baudelaire publishes flowers of evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 27 - james buchanan (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1857/--/-- 27 - kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 27 - mormons and paiute indians kill 120 settlers in the mountain meadows massacre.
1857/--/-- 27 - the indian mutiny begins when indian troops rebel against the british in meerut.
1857/--/-- 27 - the oxford english dictionary is begun in england.
1858/--/-- 28 - benito juarez becomes the first mexican president of indian descent.
1858/--/-- 28 - bernadette soubirous sees visions of the vigin mary in a grotto near lourdes, france.
1858/--/-- 28 - britain and france impose the tientsin treaty on china.
1858/--/-- 28 - british explorer john hanning speke discovers lake victoria in africa.
1858/--/-- 28 - british naturalist alfred russel wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 28 - charles frederick worth establishes his paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 28 - cyrus w. field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 28 - federal forces end the utah war; brigham young is replaced as governor of utah territory.
1858/--/-- 28 - french photographer nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 28 - german-american artist albert bierstadt begins his landscapes of the american west.
1858/--/-- 28 - jacques offenbach's operetta orpheus in the underworld premiers in paris.
1858/--/-- 28 - james renwick begins the design of saint patrick's cathedral in new york city.
1858/--/-- 28 - minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the union.
1858/--/-- 28 - the fenians (irish republican brotherhood) are founded to overthrow british rule.
1858/--/-- 28 - the indian mutiny is suppressed by the british army and loyal indian troops.
1858/--/-- 28 - the government of india is transferred from the east india company to the british crown.
1859/--/-- 29 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 29 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- 29 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- 29 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- 29 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 29 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- 29 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- 29 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1860/--/-- 30 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 30 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 30 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 30 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 30 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 30 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 30 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 30 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 30 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 30 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 30 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 30 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 31 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 31 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 31 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 31 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 31 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 31 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 31 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 31 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 31 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 31 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 31 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 31 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 31 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 31 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 31 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 31 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 31 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 31 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 31 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 31 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 31 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1862/--/-- 32 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 32 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 32 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 32 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 32 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 32 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 32 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 32 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 32 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 32 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 32 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 32 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 32 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 32 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 32 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 32 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 32 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 32 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 32 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 32 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 32 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 33 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 33 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 33 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 33 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 33 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 33 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 33 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 33 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 33 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 33 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 33 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 33 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 33 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 33 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1863/08/01 34 *** goff, franklin [husband] - died shot white county tennessee
1864/--/-- 34 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 34 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 34 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 34 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 34 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 34 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 34 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 34 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 34 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 34 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 34 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 34 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 34 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1865/--/-- 35 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 35 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 35 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 35 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 35 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 35 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 35 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 35 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 35 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 35 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 35 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 35 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 35 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1866/--/-- 36 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 36 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 36 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 36 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 36 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1867/--/-- 37 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 37 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 37 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 37 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 37 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 37 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 37 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 37 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 37 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 37 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1868/--/-- 38 - a military coup led by general juan prim deposes queen isabella ii of spain.
1868/--/-- 38 - a skeleton of cro-magnon man is discovered in southern france.
1868/--/-- 38 - british labor unions form the trades union congress.
1868/--/-- 38 - christopher sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 38 - chulalongkorn succeeds his father mongkut as the king of siam (thailand).
1868/--/-- 38 - feminists susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton publish revolution.
1868/--/-- 38 - johannes brahms' a german requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 38 - ndebele king mzilikazi dies in africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son lobengula.
1868/--/-- 38 - the meiji dynasty is restored in japan; the tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 38 - the ten years' war begins in cuba against spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 38 - u.s. president andrew johnson is impeached by congress but acquitted by the senate.
1868/--/-- 38 - william gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 39 - 200 pitched battles between indians and u.s. calvary
1869/--/-- 39 - english author matthew arnold publishes culture and anarchy.
1869/--/-- 39 - french artist eugene louis boudin paints on the beach at deauville.
1869/--/-- 39 - grant is inaugurated as the 18th u.s. president; colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 39 - james gordon bennett jr. commissions stanley to search for livingston in africa.
1869/--/-- 39 - john roebling designs the brooklyn bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 39 - louis riel leads the red river rebellion in canada.
1869/--/-- 39 - ludwig ii (mad ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in bavaria.
1869/--/-- 39 - philadelphia garment workers organize the knights of labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 39 - pope pius ix calls the first vatican council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 39 - russian composer modest mussorgsky begins work on his opera boris gudunov.
1869/--/-- 39 - suez canal opens
1869/--/-- 39 - the cincinnati red stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 39 - the suez canal is opened in egypt.
1869/--/-- 39 - the first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 39 - the transcontinental railroad is completed at promontory point, utah.
1869/--/-- 39 - ulysses s. grant (republican) becomes president of the united states
1869/--/-- 39 - union pacific meets central pacific
1870/--/-- 40 - american industrialist john d. rockefeller founds the standard oil company.
1870/--/-- 40 - french war minister leon gambetta escapes from besieged paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 40 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of troy.
1870/--/-- 40 - paraguayan dictator solano lopez dies, ending the war of the triple alliance.
1870/--/-- 40 - rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of italy.
1870/--/-- 40 - the franco-prussian war begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by bismark.
1870/--/-- 40 - the prussians defeat the french at sedan; napoleon iii is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 40 - the third republic is formed in france; a government of national defense is established.
1870/--/-- 40 - the city of miami is founded in florida.
1871/--/-- 41 - american explorer henry morton stanley finds dr. livingston in central africa.
1871/--/-- 41 - charles taze russell founds the jehovah's witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 41 - fire destroys one-third of the city of chicago.
1871/--/-- 41 - p.t barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 41 - the franco-prussian war ends; alsace and lorraine are ceded to germany.
1871/--/-- 41 - the french surrender to prussia incites the commune of paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 41 - the german empire is formally proclaimed at the palace of versailles.
1871/--/-- 41 - the paris commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 41 - trade unions legalized in britain
1872/--/-- 42 - american artist james mcneill whistler paints the portrait of the artist's mother.
1872/--/-- 42 - english author george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 42 - indian leader kintpuash leaves the modoc reservation; the modoc wars begin.
1872/--/-- 42 - monet paints impression: sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 42 - photographer eadweard muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 42 - the challenger expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 42 - the cities of buda and pest unite to form budapest (the capital of hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 42 - the death of kamehameha v ends the kamehameha dynasty of hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 42 - the first woman impressionist artist berthe morisot paints the cradle.
1873/--/-- 43 - englishman maj. walter clopton wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 43 - french novelist jules verne publishes around the world in eighty days.
1873/--/-- 43 - the pacific scandal in canada causes the collapse of the conservative government.
1873/--/-- 43 - the panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 44 - benjamin disraeli becomes the conservative prime minister of britain.
1874/--/-- 44 - english author thomas hardy publishes far from the madding crowd.
1874/--/-- 44 - first impressionist exhibit in paris
1874/--/-- 44 - french impressionist artist pierre auguste renoir paints la loge (the box).
1874/--/-- 44 - the comanche, kiowa and other indian tribes attack adobe walls in texas.
1874/--/-- 44 - the greenback party advocates currency reform in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 44 - the first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in paris.
1875/--/-- 45 - american author mark twain publishes tom sawyer.
1875/--/-- 45 - britain buys suez canal shares from the bankrupt egyptian leader ismail pasha.
1875/--/-- 45 - charles stewart parnell begins movement for irish independence
1875/--/-- 45 - georges bizet's opera carmen is performed in paris.
1875/--/-- 45 - mary baker eddy, founder of christian science, publishes science and health.
1875/--/-- 45 - the bourbon monarchy is restored in spain under alfonso xii.
1876/--/-- 46 - abd al-hamid ii assumes his rule as the last ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 46 - alexander graham bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 46 - alexander graham bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 46 - british philosopher herbert spencer begins publishing the principles of sociology.
1876/--/-- 46 - colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the union.
1876/--/-- 46 - general porfirio diaz seizes power as the dictator of mexico.
1876/--/-- 46 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of mycenae.
1876/--/-- 46 - impressionist artist alfred sisley paints flood at the port of marly.
1876/--/-- 46 - japan forces korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of china.
1876/--/-- 46 - johann strauss jr. composes his waltz the beautiful blue danube.
1876/--/-- 46 - national league founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 46 - queen victoria assumes the title of empress of india.
1876/--/-- 46 - sioux indians defeat general custer at the battle of little bighorn.
1876/--/-- 46 - sioux and cheyenne defeat custer at little big horn, montanna
1876/--/-- 46 - the bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of wagner's ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 46 - the u.s. centennial exposition of 1876 is held in fairmount park, philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 47 - britain annexes transvaal in south africa.
1877/--/-- 47 - chief joseph leads the nez perce tribe against the u.s. army.
1877/--/-- 47 - hayes is inaugurated as the 19th u.s. president; wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 47 - italian astronomer giovanni schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on mars.
1877/--/-- 47 - nez perce leave idaho for canada
1877/--/-- 47 - rutherford b. hayes (republican) becomes president of the united states
1877/--/-- 47 - tchaikovsky's swan lake is performed by the bolshoi ballet in moscow.
1877/--/-- 47 - the all-england lawn tennis championship is played at wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 47 - the japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by saigo takamori.
1877/--/-- 47 - thomas edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 47 - turkish suppression of balkan nationalists leads to a new russo-turkish war.
1878/--/-- 48 - ismail pasha presents cleopatra's needles to britain (1878) and the u.s. (1880).
1878/--/-- 48 - northern cheyenne escape indian territory
1878/--/-- 48 - serbia, montenegro and romania are granted independence from turkey.
1878/--/-- 48 - the congress of berlin reverses russian gains from the san stefano treaty.
1878/--/-- 48 - the d'oyly carte opera company performs gilbert and sullivan's h.m.s. pinafore.
1878/--/-- 48 - the russo-turkish war ends; the treaty of san stefano is imposed on turkey.
1878/--/-- 48 - the second anglo-afghan war begins.
1878/--/-- 48 - turkey's provinces of bosnia and hercegovina are placed under austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 49 - belgian king leopold ii sponsors henry morton stanley's expedition to the congo.
1879/--/-- 49 - cetewayo's zulus defeat the british at isandhlwana, but are beaten at ulundi.
1879/--/-- 49 - charles stewart parnell leads the home rule for ireland party.
1879/--/-- 49 - general roca defeats the patagonian indians, opening the pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 49 - impressionist artist edgar degas paints ballerina posing for a photograph.
1879/--/-- 49 - norwegian playwright henrik ibsen writes a doll's house.
1879/--/-- 49 - tawfiq pasha succeeds his father ismail pasha as khedive (viceroy) of egypt.
1879/--/-- 49 - territorial disputes lead to the war of the pacific between chile and peru.
1879/--/-- 49 - thomas edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 49 - thomas edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 50 - american impressionist artist mary cassatt exhibits a woman in black at the opera.
1880/--/-- 50 - australian bushranger ned kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 50 - boer (afrikaner) uprisings begin against the british in transvaal, south africa.
1880/--/-- 50 - france annexes the pacific island of tahiti.
1880/--/-- 50 - french novelist emile zola writes nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 50 - german composer jacques offenbach writes the opera tales of hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 50 - gladstone succeeds disraeli as british prime minister.
1880/--/-- 50 - russian composer peter ilich tchaikovsky writes the 1812 overture.
1881/--/-- 51 - alexander ii is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in russia.
1881/--/-- 51 - chester a. arthur (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 51 - chester a. arthur is inaugurated as the 21st u.s. president.
1881/--/-- 51 - ferdinand de lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the panama canal.
1881/--/-- 51 - garfield is inaugurated as the 20th u.s. president; arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 51 - james a. garfield (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 51 - japanese statesman itagaki taisuke founds the jiyuto (liberal party).
1881/--/-- 51 - lillie langtry, mistress of the prince of wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 51 - president garfield is assassinated by charles j. guiteau.
1881/--/-- 51 - the sudanese under mahdi muhammad ahmad overthrow egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 51 - the first u.s. tennis championship is held in newport, r.i.
1882/--/-- 52 - a triple alliance is established between austria, italy and germany.
1882/--/-- 52 - edison's new york plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 52 - impressionist artist edouard manet completes the bar at the folies-bergere.
1882/--/-- 52 - japanese statesman okuma shigenobu founds the kaishinto, or progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 52 - the british take control of egypt, suppressing uprisings against tawfiq pasha.
1882/--/-- 52 - the u.s. begins to restrict immigration with the chinese exclusion acts.
1883/--/-- 53 - buffalo bill cody organizes his wild west show.
1883/--/-- 53 - civil service established
1883/--/-- 53 - cyrus h. k. curtis publishes the lady's home journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 53 - german philosopher frederich wilhelm nietzsche begins thus spake zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 53 - maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 53 - paul kruger becomes president of the boer republic of the transvaal in south africa.
1883/--/-- 53 - russian scientist tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 53 - the brooklyn bridge is completed in new york.
1883/--/-- 53 - the fabian society is founded in london to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 53 - the island volcano of krakatoa explodes in indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 53 - the first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in chicago by william lebaron jenney.
1884/--/-- 54 - 15 european nations partition africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 54 - american author mark twain publishes the adventures of huckleberry finn.
1884/--/-- 54 - belva lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a u.s. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 54 - german east africa is formed from rwanda, mozambique,tanzania and burundi.
1884/--/-- 54 - germany occupies south west africa (namibia).
1884/--/-- 54 - lewis e. waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 55 - boston symphony orchestra organizes its promenade concerts (the boston pops).
1885/--/-- 55 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 55 - french chemist louis pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 55 - general gordon is killed by mahdist forces at the siege of khartoum in sudan.
1885/--/-- 55 - gottlieb daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 55 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1885/--/-- 55 - j. k. stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 55 - louis pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 55 - the congo free state (zaire) becomes the possession of king leopold ii of belgium.
1885/--/-- 55 - the indian national congress movement is founded in bombay.
1886/--/-- 56 - apache indian chief geronimo surrenders to general nelson miles.
1886/--/-- 56 - britain makes burma a province of india after winning the anglo-burma war.
1886/--/-- 56 - british prime minister gladstone introduces an unsuccessful home rule bill for ireland.
1886/--/-- 56 - french sculptor auguste rodin completes the kiss.
1886/--/-- 56 - gold is discovered in transvaal, south africa.
1886/--/-- 56 - haymarket square labor riot in chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 56 - jose balmaceda becomes president of chile.
1886/--/-- 56 - samuel gompers organizes the american federation of labor.
1886/--/-- 56 - the anglo-german agreement recognizes german control over tanganyika (tanzania).
1886/--/-- 56 - the statue of liberty is unveiled in new york harbor.
1887/--/-- 57 - arthur conan doyle publishes the first sherlock holmes story.
1887/--/-- 57 - france creates the union of indochina (most of modern day vietnam and kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 57 - the michelson-morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 58 - a patent is issued to american inventor john h. loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 58 - american inventor george eastman introduces the kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 58 - britain unites its caribbean colonies of trinidad and tobago.
1888/--/-- 58 - dutch artist vincent van gogh paints still life with sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 58 - eastman's kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 58 - jack the ripper murders seven women in london.
1888/--/-- 58 - russian composer nikolai rimsky-korsakov writes scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 58 - the national geographic magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 58 - william ii succeeds frederick iii as emperor of germany.
1889/--/-- 59 - benjamin harrison (republican) becomes president of the united states
1889/--/-- 59 - benjamin harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd u.s. president.
1889/--/-- 59 - crown prince rudolf of austria commits suicide at mayerling.
1889/--/-- 59 - german revolutionary rosa luxemburg is exiled in switzerland.
1889/--/-- 59 - gustave eiffel designs the eiffel tower for the paris exposition.
1889/--/-- 59 - japan's first prime minister ito hirobumi introduces the meiji constitution.
1889/--/-- 59 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 59 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 59 - north dakota and south dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 59 - north dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 59 - pedro ii emperor of brazil is overthrown in a coup; brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 59 - south dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 59 - washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 60 - afl founded by s gompers
1890/--/-- 60 - american naval officer alfred mahan publishes the influence of sea power upon history.
1890/--/-- 60 - american psychologist william james publishes the principles of psychology.
1890/--/-- 60 - cecil rhodes becomes prime minister of the cape colony in south africa.
1890/--/-- 60 - claude debussy begins composing suite bergamasque, including clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 60 - dutch artist vincent van gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 60 - german chancellor otto von bismarck is dismissed by emperor william ii.
1890/--/-- 60 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 60 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 60 - indian poet rabindranath tagore publishes manasi (the mind's embodiment).
1890/--/-- 60 - photographer jacob riis documents new york's poor in how the other half lives.
1890/--/-- 60 - sherman antitrust act
1890/--/-- 60 - sioux indians are massacred at the battle of wounded knee.
1890/--/-- 60 - the british south africa company occupies zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the ndebele.
1890/--/-- 60 - the forth railway bridge is opened, replacing the brooklyn bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 60 - wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 60 - zanzibar becomes a british protectorate.
1890/03/16 60 *** bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) & goff, james m. -jimmy- [son] - married dekalb county tn
1891/--/-- 61 - anglo-irish author oscar wilde publishes his only novel the picture of dorian gray.
1891/--/-- 61 - english novelist thomas hardy writes tess of the d'urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 61 - eugene dubois discovers the first homo erectus remains on java in indonesia.
1891/--/-- 61 - french postimpressionist artist paul gauguin travels to tahiti.
1891/--/-- 61 - james naismith devises the game of basketball in springfield, mass.
1891/--/-- 61 - the american express company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1891/07/17 62 *** goff, america alice (lafever) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1892/--/-- 62 - french artist henri de toulouse-lautrec paints at the moulin rouge.
1892/--/-- 62 - impressionist artist paul cezanne completes the card players.
1892/--/-- 62 - james j. corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from john l. sullivan.
1892/--/-- 62 - strike at carnegie steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 62 - the san francisco examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 62 - writer and political revolutionary jose marti founds the cuban revolutionary party.
1893/--/-- 63 - american artist louis comfort tiffany begins producing art nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 63 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 63 - france adds laos to "protectorate" of indochina
1893/--/-- 63 - france adds laos to the union of indochina.
1893/--/-- 63 - gladstone's second irish home rule bill is vetoed by the house of lords in britain.
1893/--/-- 63 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1893/--/-- 63 - queen liliuokalani is ousted in hawaii; sanford b. dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 63 - the ivory coast becomes a french colony.
1893/--/-- 63 - victor horta's tassel house in brussels initiates the art nouveau architectural style.
1893/04/07 63 *** goff, betty ann (morris) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1894/--/-- 64 - britain establishes a protectorate over buganda and conquers the rest of uganda.
1894/--/-- 64 - czech decorative artist alfons mucha designs a poster of sarah bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 64 - dreyfus case splits france
1894/--/-- 64 - english artist aubrey beardsley illustrates oscar wilde's salome.
1894/--/-- 64 - english author rudyard kipling publishes the jungle book.
1894/--/-- 64 - percival lowell builds an observatory to study the martian canals.
1894/--/-- 64 - rebellion in korea begins the first sino-japanese war.
1894/--/-- 64 - the arrest of army captain albert dreyfus creates a political crisis in france.
1894/--/-- 64 - thousands of armenians are massacred in turkey.
1895/--/-- 65 - anglo-irish playwright oscar wilde writes the importance of being earnest.
1895/--/-- 65 - japan defeats china; the shimonoseki treaty establishes korean independence.
1895/--/-- 65 - louis and auguste lumiere show the first motion pictures to a paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 65 - russian revolutionary vladimir ilich lenin is exiled to siberia.
1895/--/-- 65 - sir henry irving becomes the first british actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 65 - the american bowling congress (abc) is founded.
1895/--/-- 65 - the cuban war of independence begins against spain; jose marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 65 - the jameson raid on the boer republic of transvaal increases anti-british hostility.
1895/--/-- 65 - the first list of best-selling books is published by the bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 65 - wilhelm rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 65 - x rays are discovered by german physicist wilhelm c. roentgen.
1895/04/14 66 *** goff, charlie clay [grandson] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tennessee
1896/--/-- 66 - a tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in japan.
1896/--/-- 66 - italian composer giacomo puccini writes the opera la boheme.
1896/--/-- 66 - john philip sousa composes the stars and stripes forever.
1896/--/-- 66 - king menelik ii defeats the italians at adwa, maintaining ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 66 - supreme court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 66 - the first modern olympic games are held at athens in greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 66 - utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the union.
1897/--/-- 67 - american comic strip the katzenjammer kids is begun by rudolph dirks.
1897/--/-- 67 - austrian artist gustav klimt helps to found the vienna secession group.
1897/--/-- 67 - british physician havelock ellis begins his studies in the psychology of sex.
1897/--/-- 67 - english author rudyard kipling publishes captains courageous.
1897/--/-- 67 - french dramatist edmond rostand writes cyrano de bergerac.
1897/--/-- 67 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the sleeping gypsy.
1897/--/-- 67 - mckinley is inaugurated as the 25th u.s. president; hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 67 - russian author anton chekhov writes the play uncle vanya.
1897/--/-- 67 - stanislavsky founds the moscow art theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 67 - the first subway un the u.s. opens in boston.
1897/--/-- 67 - theodor herzl organizes the world zionist congress at basel in switzerland.
1897/--/-- 67 - william mckinley (republican) becomes president of the united states
1897/11/11 68 *** goff, nancy (pullum) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1898/--/-- 68 - anglo-irish playwright george bernard shaw publishes arms and the man.
1898/--/-- 68 - britain obtains a 99-year lease for hong kong from the chinese.
1898/--/-- 68 - commodore dewey destroys the spanish fleet in manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 68 - cuba occupied by u.s. and released
1898/--/-- 68 - english author h. g. wells publishes the war of the worlds.
1898/--/-- 68 - spain cedes puerto rico, guam and the philippines to the u.s. in the treaty of paris.
1898/--/-- 68 - spanish-american war, cuba, phillipines, us
1898/--/-- 68 - the boxer uprising begins in china; empress tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 68 - the british under kitchener defeat the mahdists at omdurman in sudan.
1898/--/-- 68 - the fashoda incident leads to a french withdrawal from the sudan.
1898/--/-- 68 - the spanish fleet is destroyed off cuba; spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 68 - the spanish-american war begins with a declaration of war by congress.
1898/--/-- 68 - the u.s. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of santiago.
1898/--/-- 68 - the u.s. battleship maine explodes in the spanish port of manila in the philippines.
1898/--/-- 68 - u.s. troops land on cuba; theodore roosevelt's rough riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 68 - william randolph hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-spanish feelings.
1899/--/-- 69 - american artist winslow homer paints the gulf stream.
1899/--/-- 69 - american composer scott joplin publishes his maple leaf rag.
1899/--/-- 69 - designer charles rennie mackintosh completes the glasgow school of art.
1899/--/-- 69 - english composer edward elgar writes the enigma variations.
1899/--/-- 69 - journalist and future statesman winston churchill escapes from boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 69 - sigmund freud "interpretation of dreams"
1899/--/-- 69 - the british under robert baden-powell are besieged by the boers at mafeking.
1899/--/-- 69 - the south african war begins between the boers (afrikaners) and the british.
1899/--/-- 69 - u.s. secretary of state john m. hay advocates an open door policy for china.
1900/--/-- 70 - american novelist theodore dreiser publishes his first novel sister carrie.
1900/--/-- 70 - an international force lifts the boxer siege of peking.
1900/--/-- 70 - british politician keir hardie helps to found the labour party.
1900/--/-- 70 - chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in peking during the boxer uprising.
1900/--/-- 70 - dutch physiologist willem einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 70 - hawaii is made a u.s. territory; sanford dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 70 - hector guimard uses art nouveau designs for the entrances to the paris metro.
1900/--/-- 70 - humbert i is assassinated; he is succeeded by victor emanuel iii as king of italy.
1900/--/-- 70 - italian author gabriele d'annunzio publishes the flame of life.
1900/--/-- 70 - james j. jeffries beats jim corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 70 - max planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 70 - psychoanalyst sigmund freud publishes the interpretation of dreams.
1900/--/-- 70 - sir arthur evans begins the excavation of the minoan palace at knossos, crete.
1900/--/-- 70 - the boers begin a guerrilla war against the british occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 70 - the british defeat the boer (afrikaner) armies in south africa and occupy pretoria.
1900/--/-- 70 - the u.s. wins the first davis cup tennis contest.
1900/03/08 70 *** goff, lena gertrude (pullum) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1901/--/-- 71 - a 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in russia.
1901/--/-- 71 - a stele bearing the code of hammurabi is discovered in susa, iran.
1901/--/-- 71 - american surgeon walter reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 71 - an american league of baseball is formed in competition to the national league.
1901/--/-- 71 - andrew carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 71 - britain incorporates ashanti territory into the gold coast (ghana).
1901/--/-- 71 - english author beatrix potter publishes her children's book the tale of peter rabbit.
1901/--/-- 71 - guglielmo marconi tests radio transmissions between england and newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 71 - king c. gillette founds the american safety razor company.
1901/--/-- 71 - pres. mckinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 71 - president mckinley is assassinated by the anarchist leon czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 71 - queen victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son edward vii.
1901/--/-- 71 - russia occupies manchuria in north-east china.
1901/--/-- 71 - sergei rachmaninoff writes his second piano concerto.
1901/--/-- 71 - sir edward elgar composes the first of his five pomp and circumstance marches.
1901/--/-- 71 - spanish painter pablo picasso's blue period begins.
1901/--/-- 71 - temperance advocate carry nation uses a hatchet to attack a kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 71 - the commonwealth of australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 71 - the first u.s. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 71 - theodore roosevelt (republican) becomes president of the united states
1901/--/-- 71 - theodore roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th u.s. president.
1901/--/-- 71 - victor l. berger and eugene v. debs help found the american socialist party.
1901/01/02 71 - edward vii succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1902/--/-- 72 - american artist robert henri paints the new york street scene west 57th street.
1902/--/-- 72 - conan doyle writes the sherlock holmes adventure the hound of the baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 72 - english author joseph conrad publishes heart of darkness.
1902/--/-- 72 - french filmmaker georges melies produces a trip to the moon.
1902/--/-- 72 - italian opera singer enrico caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 72 - maksim gorky's the lower depths is produced at the moscow art theater.
1902/--/-- 72 - oliver wendell holmes jr. is appointed to the u.s. supreme court.
1902/--/-- 72 - roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 72 - the photo-secession group is founded in new york by photographer alfred stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 72 - the treaty of vereeniging ends the south african war.
1902/01/31 72 *** goff, mary ida (dilldine) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tennessee
1902/08/-- 73 - edward vii crowned king of great britain and ireland and emperor of india at wes
1903/--/-- 73 - alexander, king of serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by peter i.
1903/--/-- 73 - american author jack london publishes the call of the wild.
1903/--/-- 73 - american novelist henry james publishes the ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 73 - bernard shaw's play man and superman is produced in london.
1903/--/-- 73 - colonel francis younghusband leads a british military expedition into tibet.
1903/--/-- 73 - edwin s. porter directs the pioneering western film the great train robbery.
1903/--/-- 73 - emmeline pankhurst founds the women's social and political union in britain.
1903/--/-- 73 - marie and pierre curie win the nobel prize for physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 73 - orville wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 73 - panama declares its independence from columbia; the u.s. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 73 - the rolls-royce automobile company is founded in britain.
1903/--/-- 73 - the u.s. acquires perpetual control over the panama canal zone.
1903/--/-- 73 - the first world series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 73 - vladimir ilich lenin organizes the bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 73 - wright bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 74 - world series nl pittsburgh (3) al boston (5)
1904/--/-- 74 - italian composer giacomo puccini's opera madame butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 74 - ivan pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the nobel prize.
1904/--/-- 74 - james barrie's play peter pan is produced in london.
1904/--/-- 74 - max weber publishes the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
1904/--/-- 74 - roosevelt asserts u.s. right to intervene in latin america
1904/--/-- 74 - russia and japan at war
1904/--/-- 74 - russian author anton chekhov's play the cherry orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 74 - territorial disputes in manchuria begin the russo-japanese war.
1904/--/-- 74 - the abbey theatre is founded in dublin.
1904/--/-- 74 - the new york city subway is opened.
1904/03/23 74 *** goff, martha ada (morris, jones) [granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tn
1904/06/10 75 *** childress, nancy (elrod, goff) - died dekalb county tn
in 1829 transportation was by:
foot
horse
sailing ship
bicycle
steamboat
by 1904 transportation was by:
train
balloon
in addition.
by 1904 transportation by:
sailing ship
had been discontinued.
in 1829 communications was by:
word of mouth
post office
by 1904 communications was by:
telegraph
telephone
in addition.
in 1829 food preparation was by:
wood
in 1829 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
radio
television
theme parks
computer
in 1829 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1829 war making was by:
calvary
gun
artillery
submarine
by 1904 war making was by:
machine guns
iron clad ships
tnt
mines
in addition.
in 1829 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
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