...date... age event
1847/--/-- -1 - american missionary marcus whitman is killed by cayuse indians in oregon.
1847/--/-- -1 - american oceanographer matthew maury publishes his first wind and current charts.
1847/--/-- -1 - charlotte bronte publishes jane eyre; emily bronte publishes wuthering heights.
1847/--/-- -1 - english novelist william makepeace thackeray begins vanity fair.
1847/--/-- -1 - honore de balzac completes la comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- -1 - italian statesman cavour founds the liberal newspaper il risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- -1 - maria mitchell, the first woman astronomer in america, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- -1 - mormons and the indians
1847/--/-- -1 - scott enters mexico city after a series of battles; mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- -1 - sir james simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- -1 - taylor defeats santa anna's mexican army at the battle of buena vista.
1847/--/-- -1 - the african slave colony of liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- -1 - the american medical association is founded.
1847/--/-- -1 - the mormons under brigham young found salt lake city.
1847/--/-- -1 - the u.s. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- -1 - u.s. forces under stockton, fremont and kearny occupy california.
1847/--/-- -1 - u.s. forces under winfield scott land at veracruz and advance on mexico city.
1847/10/16 0 *** benson, margaret - born to benson, william marion and calloway, emaranda holloway or
1848/--/-- 0 *** i, willis daniel benson, [grandfather] - died lincoln county, tn lincoln county, tn
1848/--/-- 0 - a czech uprising under frantisek palacky is suppressed by austria.
1848/--/-- 0 - american engineer james bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 0 - february revolution by french workers makes louis napoleon iii president of 2nd reublic
1848/--/-- 0 - ferdinand i abdicates; francis joseph becomes emperor of austria.
1848/--/-- 0 - french barbizon artist theodore rousseau paints the forest at fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 0 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas fils) publishes his novel camille.
1848/--/-- 0 - gold discovered in california
1848/--/-- 0 - holman hunt, millais and rossetti form the pre-raphaelite brotherhood in britain.
1848/--/-- 0 - karl marx and friedrich engels publish the communist manifesto.
1848/--/-- 0 - karl marx and friedrick engels publish "communist manifesto"
1848/--/-- 0 - louis philippe abdicates; a second republic is declared in france.
1848/--/-- 0 - mexican cession
1848/--/-- 0 - risorgimento leader garibaldi returns to italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 0 - scottish physicist william thomson kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 0 - the austrian revolution begins in vienna; chancellor metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 0 - the revolutions of 1848 break out in europe.
1848/--/-- 0 - the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo ratifies the cession of california and new mexico.
1848/--/-- 0 - the discovery of gold at sutter's mill begins the california gold rush.
1848/--/-- 0 - the first u.s. women's rights assembly meets at the seneca falls convention.
1848/--/-- 0 - uprisings in berlin force frederick william iv to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 0 - wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the union.
1849/--/-- 1 *** benson, amanda j. [sister] - born to benson, william marion and calloway, emaranda holloway or
1849/--/-- 1 - amelia bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 1 - austrian forces crush the italian revolution; mazzini and garibaldi flee from italy.
1849/--/-- 1 - austrian premier felix schwarzenberg uses the russian army to defeat the hungarians.
1849/--/-- 1 - black slave harriet tubman escapes and begins her underground railway work.
1849/--/-- 1 - elizabeth blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 1 - francois rene de chateaubriand publishes memoirs from beyond the tomb.
1849/--/-- 1 - french physicist armand fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 1 - lajos kossuth declares hungarian independence from austria.
1849/--/-- 1 - russian anarchist mikhail bakunin is deported to siberia.
1849/--/-- 1 - taylor is inaugurated as the 12th u.s. president; fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 1 - zachary taylor (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 2 - allan pinkerton founds the pinkerton national detective agency.
1850/--/-- 2 - american author nathaniel hawthorne writes the scarlet letter.
1850/--/-- 2 - american popular songwriter stephen foster publishes camptown races.
1850/--/-- 2 - california is inaugurated as the 31st state of the union.
1850/--/-- 2 - congress reinforces the fugitive slave law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 2 - elizabeth barrett browning publishes her sonnets from the portuguese.
1850/--/-- 2 - english author charles dickens writes david copperfield.
1850/--/-- 2 - french realist artist gustave courbet paints the stone breakers.
1850/--/-- 2 - jenny lind the swedish nightingale begins her u.s. tour.
1850/--/-- 2 - millard fillmore (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 2 - nathanial hawthorne "the scarlet letter"
1850/--/-- 2 - photographer mathew brady publishes the gallery of illustrious americans.
1850/--/-- 2 - plains indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 2 - president taylor dies; millard fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th u.s. president.
1850/--/-- 2 - the compromise of 1850 establishes california as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 2 - the taiping rebellion breaks out in china against the ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 2 - the first issue of harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 2 - utah and new mexico territories
1851/--/-- 3 *** benson, william trousdale [brother] - born to benson, william marion and calloway, emaranda holloway or
1851/--/-- 3 - a gold rush begins in victoria, australia; victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 3 - american author herman melville publishes moby-dick.
1851/--/-- 3 - giuseppe verdi's opera rigoletto is produced in venice.
1851/--/-- 3 - harriet beecher stowe begins publishing uncle tom's cabin.
1851/--/-- 3 - henry jarvis raymond and george jones found the new york times.
1851/--/-- 3 - isaac merrit singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 3 - jacob fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in baltimore.
1851/--/-- 3 - melville "moby dick"
1851/--/-- 3 - mongkut (rama iv) becomes king of siam (thailand).
1851/--/-- 3 - singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 3 - the crystal palace is built in london to house the great exhibition.
1851/--/-- 3 - the u.s. yacht america defeats 17 british yachts in the first america's cup contest.
1851/--/-- 3 - the first college sorority is established at wesleyan college, georgia.
1852/--/-- 4 *** benson, robert [brother] - born to benson, william marion and calloway, emaranda holloway or
1852/--/-- 4 - argentinean dictator rosas is defeated by forces under urquiza at monte caseros.
1852/--/-- 4 - britain gains control of the irrawaddy delta after the second anglo-burma war.
1852/--/-- 4 - the grimms begin publication of their deutsches worterbuch (german dictionary).
1852/--/-- 4 - the second empire begins in france under napoleon iii.
1853/--/-- 5 - a u.s. naval squadron under matthew perry enters tokyo bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 5 - chinese rebels capture nanking and make it the capital of the taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 5 - crimean war between turkey, france & britain against russia
1853/--/-- 5 - franklin pierce (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1853/--/-- 5 - franklin pierce is inaugurated as the 14th u.s. president; king becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 5 - general santa anna becomes dictator of mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 5 - georges haussmann begins the reconstruction of paris.
1853/--/-- 5 - napoleon iii marries the empress eugenie.
1853/--/-- 5 - richard wagner begins his cycle of four operas the ring of the nibelung.
1853/--/-- 5 - russia occupies the turkish principalities of moldavia and walachia.
1853/--/-- 5 - the u.s. adds land to new mexico and arizona with the gadsden purchase.
1853/--/-- 5 - turkey issues an ultimatum to russia; the russians destroy the turkish fleet at sinope.
1854/--/-- 6 - a commercial treaty is signed between the u.s. and japan, ending japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 6 - american writer and naturalist henry david thoreau publishes walden.
1854/--/-- 6 - an anglo-french-turkish expeditionary force lands at sevastopol in the crimea.
1854/--/-- 6 - britain and france declare war on russia, beginning the crimean war.
1854/--/-- 6 - nebraska and kansas territories
1854/--/-- 6 - pope pius ix proclaims the dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin mary.
1854/--/-- 6 - raphaelite artist holman hunt paints the scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 6 - republican party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 6 - smith & wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 6 - the allied armies defeat the russians at the battle of inkerman.
1854/--/-- 6 - the british grant independence to the orange free state in south africa.
1854/--/-- 6 - the charge of the light brigade is made by the british during the battle of balaklava.
1854/--/-- 6 - the kansas-nebraska act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 6 - the republican party is formed after the passage of the kansas-nebraska act.
1854/--/-- 6 - upper half of indian territory becomes part of kansas territory
1855/--/-- 7 - british photographer roger fenton documents the crimean war.
1855/--/-- 7 - florence nightingale reforms hygienic standards in crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 7 - henry wadsworth longfellow publishes the songs of hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 7 - lord palmerston becomes prime minister of great britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 7 - matthew fontaine maury publishes the physical geography of the sea.
1855/--/-- 7 - mexican dictator santa anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 7 - nicholas i, emperor of russia dies; he is succeeded by his son alexander ii.
1855/--/-- 7 - robert browning publishes his poetry collection men and women.
1855/--/-- 7 - scottish explorer david livingstone discovers the victoria falls in africa.
1855/--/-- 7 - the allies occupy the russian fortress at sevastapol in the crimea.
1855/--/-- 7 - the first formal ice hockey game is played in kingston, ontario.
1855/--/-- 7 - walt whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the leaves of grass.
1856/--/-- 8 - a new opium war begins between china, britain and france.
1856/--/-- 8 - english chemist william perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 8 - the treaty of paris ends the crimean war.
1856/--/-- 8 - the first neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in germany.
1856/--/-- 8 - victor hugo writes les miserables during his exile from france.
1857/--/-- 9 - buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th u.s. president; breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 9 - disputes between mormons and non-mormon settlers leads to the utah war.
1857/--/-- 9 - elisha graves otis installs the first passenger elevator in a new york city store.
1857/--/-- 9 - english author thomas hughes publishes tom brown's schooldays.
1857/--/-- 9 - french novelist gustave flaubert publishes madame bovary.
1857/--/-- 9 - french poet baudelaire publishes flowers of evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 9 - james buchanan (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1857/--/-- 9 - kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 9 - mormons and paiute indians kill 120 settlers in the mountain meadows massacre.
1857/--/-- 9 - the indian mutiny begins when indian troops rebel against the british in meerut.
1857/--/-- 9 - the oxford english dictionary is begun in england.
1858/--/-- 10 - benito juarez becomes the first mexican president of indian descent.
1858/--/-- 10 - bernadette soubirous sees visions of the vigin mary in a grotto near lourdes, france.
1858/--/-- 10 - britain and france impose the tientsin treaty on china.
1858/--/-- 10 - british explorer john hanning speke discovers lake victoria in africa.
1858/--/-- 10 - british naturalist alfred russel wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 10 - charles frederick worth establishes his paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 10 - cyrus w. field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 10 - federal forces end the utah war; brigham young is replaced as governor of utah territory.
1858/--/-- 10 - french photographer nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 10 - german-american artist albert bierstadt begins his landscapes of the american west.
1858/--/-- 10 - jacques offenbach's operetta orpheus in the underworld premiers in paris.
1858/--/-- 10 - james renwick begins the design of saint patrick's cathedral in new york city.
1858/--/-- 10 - minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the union.
1858/--/-- 10 - the fenians (irish republican brotherhood) are founded to overthrow british rule.
1858/--/-- 10 - the indian mutiny is suppressed by the british army and loyal indian troops.
1858/--/-- 10 - the government of india is transferred from the east india company to the british crown.
1859/--/-- 11 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 11 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- 11 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- 11 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- 11 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 11 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- 11 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- 11 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1860/--/-- 12 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 12 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 12 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 12 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 12 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 12 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 12 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 12 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 12 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 12 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 12 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 12 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 13 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 13 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 13 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 13 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 13 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 13 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 13 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 13 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 13 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 13 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 13 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 13 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 13 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 13 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 13 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 13 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 13 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 13 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 13 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 13 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 13 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1861/04/01 13 *** benson, willis daniel [brother] & faulkner, louisa jane - married
1862/--/-- 14 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 14 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 14 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 14 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 14 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 14 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 14 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 14 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 14 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 14 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 14 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 14 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 14 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 14 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 14 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 14 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 14 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 14 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 15 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 15 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 15 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 15 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 15 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 15 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 15 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 15 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 15 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 15 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 15 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 16 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 16 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 16 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 16 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 16 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 16 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 16 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 16 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 16 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 16 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 16 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 16 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 16 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1865/--/-- 17 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 17 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 17 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 17 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 17 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 17 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 17 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 17 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 17 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 17 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 17 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 17 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 17 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1865/08/25 17 *** benson, eliza frances [niece] - born to benson, willis daniel and faulkner, louisa jane after husband died, eliza went to tenn.
1866/--/-- 18 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 18 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 18 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 18 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 18 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1867/--/-- 19 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 19 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 19 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 19 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 19 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 19 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 19 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 19 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 19 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 19 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1867/12/15 20 *** benson, margaret - died lincoln county, tn
in 1847 transportation was by:
in 1847 transportation was by:
foot
horse
bicycle
train
steamboat
in 1847 communications was by:
word of mouth
post office
telegraph
in 1847 food preparation was by:
wood
in 1847 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
movies
radio
television
theme parks
computer
in 1847 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1847 war making was by:
calvary
gun
artillery
submarine
by 1867 war making was by:
machine guns
iron clad ships
mines
in addition.
in 1847 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
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