                              the life of goff, strother

 
     1809/--/-- to ----/--/--  male
      2 children

...date... age event
1809/--/-- 0 *** goff, strother - born to goff, alexander and riddel, elizabeth (goff)
1809/--/-- 0 - frenchman nicolas appert develops the first effective method for canning food.
1809/--/-- 0 - german artists overbeck and pforr found the nazarenes.
1809/--/-- 0 - james madison (democratic republican) becomes president of the united states
1809/--/-- 0 - john stevens' steamboat the phoenix makes the first ocean-going voyage.
1809/--/-- 0 - lamarck publishes his theories of evolution in zoological philosophy.
1809/--/-- 0 - metternich draws austria into the war of the fifth coalition against france.
1809/--/-- 0 - napoleon annexes the papal states and takes pope pius vii prisoner.
1809/--/-- 0 - russia seizes finland from sweden; king gustav iv adolf abdicates.
1809/--/-- 0 - the french defeat the austrians at wagram; francis ii accepts the treaty of schonbrunn.
1810/--/-- 1 - a rebellion against spain breaks out in buenos aires, argentina.
1810/--/-- 1 - american settlers rebel against the spanish in west florida.
1810/--/-- 1 - kamehameha i becomes ruler of hawaii and establishes the kamehameha dynasty.
1810/--/-- 1 - mexican priest miguel hidalgo y costilla leads a rebellion against spanish rule.
1810/--/-- 1 - revolutions in latin america lead to independent nations
1810/--/-- 1 - separatists movements in latin america
1810/--/-- 1 - the krupp arms factory is established at essen in germany.
1810/--/-- 1 - wellington's anglo-portuguese army holds the french on the outskirts of lisbon.
1811/--/-- 2 - bolivar and miranda lead the venezuelan congress in a declaration of independence.
1811/--/-- 2 - first steamboat to sail down mississippi reaches new orleans
1811/--/-- 2 - george iii becomes mentally unstable; the prince of wales assumes power as regent.
1811/--/-- 2 - henri christophe declares himself king of northern haiti.
1811/--/-- 2 - italian chemist amedeo avogadro develops the concept known as avogadro's law.
1811/--/-- 2 - jane austen "sense and sensibility"
1811/--/-- 2 - jose artigas raises a force to expel the spanish from the banda oriental (uruguay).
1811/--/-- 2 - mexican rebel leader hidalgo y costilla is captured and executed.
1811/--/-- 2 - native americans defeated in battle of tippecanoe in indiana territory
1811/--/-- 2 - the luddites riot in england against the mechanization of the textile industry.
1811/--/-- 2 - the building of the national road, the first u.s. federal highway, begins in maryland.
1811/--/-- 2 - the first rowing race in the united states is held in new york.
1811/--/-- 2 - the ruling mameluke aristocracy is massacred in cairo by muhammad ali.
1811/--/-- 2 - william henry harrison defeats the shawnee indians at the battle of tippecanoe.
1812/--/-- 3 - an earthquake destroys caracas in venezuela, killing 12,000.
1812/--/-- 3 - english caricaturist thomas rowlandson illustrates the tour of dr. syntax.
1812/--/-- 3 - general william hull surrenders detroit to the british.
1812/--/-- 3 - georges cuvier develops his theory of catastrophism through the study of fossils.
1812/--/-- 3 - grimm's fairy tales are published in germany.
1812/--/-- 3 - john nash begins the oriental conversion of the royal pavilion at brighton.
1812/--/-- 3 - louisiana is inaugurated as the 18th state of the union.
1812/--/-- 3 - napoleon defeated in russia
1812/--/-- 3 - napoleon invades russia with 450,000 men.
1812/--/-- 3 - napoleon's army retreats from moscow; only 40,000 men reach france.
1812/--/-- 3 - rebel leader morelos y pavon defeats the mexican royalist forces at oaxaca.
1812/--/-- 3 - spanish forces defeat bolivar and miranda in venezuela; miranda is imprisoned.
1812/--/-- 3 - stephen decatur's frigate united states defeats the british frigate macedonian.
1812/--/-- 3 - swiss explorer jakob burckhardt rediscovers the ancient city of petra.
1812/--/-- 3 - territorial and shipping disputes lead to the war of 1812 between the u.s. and britain.
1812/--/-- 3 - the french defeat the russians at borodino; napoleon occupies moscow.
1812/--/-- 3 - the u.s. navy frigate constitution defeats 2 british frigates.
1812/--/-- 3 - the ancient city of petra (now in present-day jordan) is rediscovered by johann burckhardt.
1812/--/-- 3 - the first coal gas generating station is chartered in london to provide gas lighting.
1812/--/-- 3 - war of 1812 begins
1812/--/-- 3 - wellington defeats the french at the battle of salamanca in spain.
1813/--/-- 4 - 14 luddites are hanged at york in england.
1813/--/-- 4 - english novelist jane austen publishes pride and prejudice.
1813/--/-- 4 - james wilkinson captures a fort at mobile, the last spanish possession in west florida.
1813/--/-- 4 - napoleon is defeated at the battle of leipzig by the sixth coalition.
1813/--/-- 4 - oliver hazard perry's ships destroy the british fleet on lake erie.
1813/--/-- 4 - british indian leader tecumseh is killed in the battle of the thames.
1813/--/-- 4 - rebel forces invade venezuela and capture caracas; bolivar is declared the liberator.
1813/--/-- 4 - robert southey is made poet laureate of england.
1813/--/-- 4 - wellington defeats the french in spain at vitoria and invades southern france.
1813/--/-- 4 - william henry harrison defeats the british at the battle of the thames.
1814/--/-- 5 - actor edmund kean makes his debut as shylock in the merchant of venice.
1814/--/-- 5 - andrew jackson annihilates the creek indians at the battle of horseshoe bend.
1814/--/-- 5 - andrew jackson crushes creek resistance in south
1814/--/-- 5 - british forces burn washington, d.c., but are repulsed at fort mchenry.
1814/--/-- 5 - coalition armies invade france; napoleon abdicates and is exiled to the island of elba.
1814/--/-- 5 - french artist ingres paints the grand odalisque.
1814/--/-- 5 - george stephenson constructs his first steam locomotive.
1814/--/-- 5 - louis xviii assumes the french throne.
1814/--/-- 5 - new england states discuss their secession from the union at the hartford convention.
1814/--/-- 5 - pope pius vii returns to rome; the jesuit order is reestablished.
1814/--/-- 5 - the treaty of ghent ends the war of 1812 between the u.s. and britain.
1814/--/-- 5 - treaty of ghent
1814/--/-- 5 - u.s. forces under thomas macdonough destroy the british fleet on lake champlain.
1815/--/-- 6 - french monarchy re-established
1815/--/-- 6 - napoleon escapes from elba and marches on paris during the hundred days.
1815/--/-- 6 - napoleon is defeated at the battle of waterloo; he is exiled to the island of saint helena.
1815/--/-- 6 - the americans defeat the british at new orleans before news of peace arrives.
1815/--/-- 6 - the barbary states sue for peace with the u.s.
1815/--/-- 6 - the spanish army reconquers venezuela; bolivar flees to jamaica.
1815/--/-- 6 - the spanish capture and execute the mexican rebel leader morelos y pavon.
1815/--/-- 6 - the first gurkha regiment is formed by the british army.
1815/--/-- 6 - war of 1812 ends
1816/--/-- 7 - gioacchino rossini's opera the barber of seville is performed in rome.
1816/--/-- 7 - indiana is inaugurated as the 19th state of the union.
1816/--/-- 7 - maria i of portugal dies; she is succeeded by john vi who remains in exile in brazil.
1816/--/-- 7 - nepal is made a protectorate of british india.
1816/--/-- 7 - shaka begins establishing the zulu empire in south africa.
1816/--/-- 7 - the british museum buys the elgin marbles (smuggled from greece by lord elgin).
1816/--/-- 7 - the united provinces of the rio de la plata (argentina) declare independence.
1816/02/26 7 *** welch, elizabeth (goff) [grandmother] - died
1817/--/-- 8 - construction begins on erie canal in new york
1817/--/-- 8 - construction of the erie canal begins in new york state.
1817/--/-- 8 - first seminole war
1817/--/-- 8 - french physician rene laennec invents the stethoscope.
1817/--/-- 8 - james monroe (democratic republican) becomes president of the united states
1817/--/-- 8 - jose de san martin and bernardo o'higgins defeat the spanish in chile.
1817/--/-- 8 - mississippi is inaugurated as the 20th state of the union.
1817/--/-- 8 - monroe is inaugurated as the 5th u.s. president; tompkins becomes vice-president.
1817/--/-- 8 - sir walter scott writes the scottish adventure novel rob roy.
1818/--/-- 9 - arthur schopenhauer publishes the world as will and representation.
1818/--/-- 9 - bernardo o'higgins becomes the supreme director of independent chile.
1818/--/-- 9 - composer franz schubert becomes the music teacher to count esterhazy's family.
1818/--/-- 9 - english chemist sir humphry davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
1818/--/-- 9 - illinois is inaugurated as the 21st state of the union.
1818/--/-- 9 - john keats "endymion"
1818/--/-- 9 - mary wollstonecroft shelley publishes the horror novel frankenstein.
1818/--/-- 9 - sir john ross sails in search of the northwest passage.
1818/--/-- 9 - thomas love peacock publishes his comic novel nightmare abbey.
1818/--/-- 9 - treaty with britain sets 49th parallel
1819/--/-- 10 - alabama is inaugurated as the 22nd state of the union.
1819/--/-- 10 - american artist washington allston paints moonlit landscape.
1819/--/-- 10 - bolivar defeats the spanish in colombia at the battle of boyaca.
1819/--/-- 10 - lord byron begins his satirical poem don juan.
1819/--/-- 10 - sir thomas stamford raffles acquires singapore for the east india company.
1819/--/-- 10 - spain surrenders east and west florida to the u.s. in the adams-onis treaty.
1819/--/-- 10 - the prado museum is inaugurated in madrid.
1819/--/-- 10 - the savannah becomes the first steamship to cross the atlantic.
1819/--/-- 10 - treaty with spain sets boundaries
1820/--/-- 11 - carbonari italian nationalists rebel against the rule of ferdinand i in naples.
1820/--/-- 11 - english poet john keats writes ode to a nightingale.
1820/--/-- 11 - english poet percy bysshe shelley writes prometheus unbound.
1820/--/-- 11 - fed offers land at $1.25 an acre
1820/--/-- 11 - french navigator dumont d'urville discovers the venus de milo on the island of melos.
1820/--/-- 11 - french poet alphonse de lamartine publishes meditations poetiques.
1820/--/-- 11 - henri christophe commits suicide; haiti is united under jean pierre boyer.
1820/--/-- 11 - juan manuel de rosas becomes the virtual dictator of argentina.
1820/--/-- 11 - maine is inaugurated as the 23rd state of the union.
1820/--/-- 11 - missouri compromise
1820/--/-- 11 - percy bysshe shelly "prometheus unbound"
1820/--/-- 11 - russian admiral fabian von bellingshausen sights land in the antarctic.
1820/--/-- 11 - stephen h. long explores the rocky mountain region.
1820/--/-- 11 - the missouri compromise admits missouri to the union as a slave state.
1820/--/-- 11 - the prince regent becomes king george iv on the death of george iii.
1820/--/-- 11 - the first american missionaries are admitted to hawaii.
1820/--/-- 11 - the first free american slaves to be resettled in africa land in liberia.
1820/--/-- 11 - u.s. navy hero stephen decatur is killed in a duel.
1820/--/-- 11 - washington irving publishes rip van winkle and the legend of sleepy hollow.
1821/--/-- 12 - american captain john davis is the first to land on the continent of antarctica.
1821/--/-- 12 - bolivar forms gran colombia (ecuador, colombia, venezuela and panama).
1821/--/-- 12 - brazil annexes the banda oriental (uruguay).
1821/--/-- 12 - english landscape artist john constable paints the hay wain.
1821/--/-- 12 - king john vi is reinstated on the portuguese throne.
1821/--/-- 12 - mexican independence
1821/--/-- 12 - michael faraday discovers electromagnetic rotation
1821/--/-- 12 - missouri compromise
1821/--/-- 12 - missouri is inaugurated as the 24th state of the union.
1821/--/-- 12 - napoleon dies on saint helena.
1821/--/-- 12 - revolutionary general san martin enters lima and declares peru independent.
1821/--/-- 12 - revolutionary leader iturbide declares mexican independence from spain.
1821/--/-- 12 - simon bolivar defeats the spanish forces in venezuela and ecuador.
1821/--/-- 12 - the cherokee indian sequoya develops the cherokee written language.
1821/--/-- 12 - the greek war of independence begins against turkey.
1821/--/-- 12 - thomas de quincey's confessions of an english opium eater is published.
1821/07/09 12 - george iv crowned king of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by char
1822/--/-- 13 - american surgeon william beaumont begins his study of the gastric process.
1822/--/-- 13 - antonio jose de sucre defeats the spanish in ecuador at the battle of pichincha.
1822/--/-- 13 - british statesman lord castlereagh commits suicide.
1822/--/-- 13 - denmark vesey leads a slave revolt in charleston; 35 blacks are executed.
1822/--/-- 13 - dom pedro, son of portuguese king john vi, declares brazil independent.
1822/--/-- 13 - egyptian leader muhammad ali completes the conquest of northern sudan.
1822/--/-- 13 - french scholar jean francois champollion deciphers the rosetta stone hieroglyphics.
1823/--/-- 14 - charles babbage begins work on his difference engine, a precursor of the computer.
1823/--/-- 14 - charles lamb publishes his essays of elia in the london magazine.
1823/--/-- 14 - charles macintosh patents the waterproof fabric used in mackintosh raincoats.
1823/--/-- 14 - general santa anna leads a coup against mexican emperor agustin i (iturbide).
1823/--/-- 14 - james fenimore cooper publishes the first volume of the leatherstocking tales.
1823/--/-- 14 - japanese artist hokusai begins a series of thirty-six views of mount fuji.
1823/--/-- 14 - ludwig van beethoven completes his 9th symphony.
1823/--/-- 14 - monroe doctrine
1823/--/-- 14 - rugby football originates at rugby school in england.
1823/--/-- 14 - the monroe doctrine warns europe not to interfere in the americas.
1824/--/-- 15 - de sucre defeats the spanish at the battle of ayacucho, liberating peru.
1824/--/-- 15 - disputes over the border of india lead to war between britain and burma.
1824/--/-- 15 - english poet lord byron travels to greece to aid the patriots but dies of a fever.
1824/--/-- 15 - jons jakob berzelius discovers the element silicon about this time.
1824/--/-- 15 - sadi carnot lays the foundations for the second law of thermodynamics.
1824/--/-- 15 - the ashanti begin a war of resistance against britain in the gold coast (ghana).
1824/--/-- 15 - the ashanti begin a war of resistance against britain in the gold coast (ghana).
1824/--/-- 15 - the national gallery is founded in london.
1825/--/-- 16 - adams is inaugurated as the 6th u.s. president; calhoun becomes vice-president.
1825/--/-- 16 - american painter thomas cole founds the hudson river school about this time.
1825/--/-- 16 - english literary critic william hazlitt publishes the spirit of the age.
1825/--/-- 16 - john quincy adams (democratic republican) becomes president of the united states
1825/--/-- 16 - kappa alpha, the first social fraternity, is formed at union college, new york.
1825/--/-- 16 - mountain man james bridger discovers the great salt lake.
1825/--/-- 16 - nicholas i is made emperor of russia; the decembrists revolt breaks out.
1825/--/-- 16 - the central american federation declares its independence from mexico.
1825/--/-- 16 - thomas cole establishes hudson river school of landscape painting
1825/--/-- 16 - uruguayan leader lavalleja precipitates a war between brazil and argentina.
1825/--/-- 16 - welsh reformer robert owen founds a community at new harmony, indiana.
1826/--/-- 17 - american engineer john stevens builds the first u.s. steam locomotive.
1826/--/-- 17 - andre ampere publishes his theory of electrodynamic phenomenon.
1826/--/-- 17 - british engineer thomas telford builds the menai suspension bridge in wales.
1826/--/-- 17 - felix mendelssohn composes his overture to a midsummer night's dream at age 17.
1826/--/-- 17 - german poet heine begins the publication of reisebilder (travel pictures).
1826/--/-- 17 - ohm's law establishes the relationship of electrical voltage, current and resistance.
1826/--/-- 17 - revolutionary leader antonio jose de sucre is elected first president of bolivia.
1826/06/19 17 *** goff, james madison [son] - born to goff, strother and riddel, nancy (goff) tennessee
1827/--/-- 18 - american frontiersman davy crockett is elected to congress.
1827/--/-- 18 - audubon publishes " birds of america"
1827/--/-- 18 - britain, france and russia demand that turkey ends the war with greece.
1827/--/-- 18 - english inventor john walker introduces the first friction matches.
1827/--/-- 18 - french landscape artist camille corot paints the bridge at narni.
1827/--/-- 18 - mountain man jedediah smith pioneers an overland route to california.
1827/--/-- 18 - ornithologist john james audubon begins the publication of his birds of america.
1827/--/-- 18 - the allied navies destroy the turkish and egyptian fleet at navarino in greece.
1828/--/-- 19 - composer frederic chopin begins concert tours at age 18.
1828/--/-- 19 - greeks win war of independence from ottoman empire
1828/--/-- 19 - lavalleja's thirty-three immortals achieve uruguayan independence from brazil.
1828/--/-- 19 - noah webster publishes his american dictionary of the english language.
1828/--/-- 19 - rammohun roy founds the brahmo samaj religious society in india.
1828/--/-- 19 - the duke of wellington becomes prime minister of britain.
1828/--/-- 19 - virtuoso violin player niccolo paganini performs in vienna.
1829/--/-- 20 - andrew jackson (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1829/--/-- 20 - delacroix paints "death of sardanapalus"
1829/--/-- 20 - explorer charles sturt charts the murray river in australia.
1829/--/-- 20 - jackson introduces spoils system
1829/--/-- 20 - jackson is inaugurated as the 7th u.s. president; calhoun continues as vice-president.
1829/--/-- 20 - lord bentinck bans the indian custom of suttee (the burning of widows).
1829/--/-- 20 - louis braille publishes his braille system of writing for the blind.
1829/--/-- 20 - serbia becomes an autonomous principality under prince milos.
1829/--/-- 20 - sir robert peel reorganizes the london police; his policemen are nicknamed bobbies.
1829/--/-- 20 - sir robert peel sponsers the catholic emancipation act in britain.
1829/--/-- 20 - the convict-free british colony of western australia is founded.
1829/--/-- 20 - the first u.s. encyclopedia, the encyclopedia americana, is begun.
1830/--/-- 21 *** goff, franklin [son] - born to goff, strother and riddel, nancy (goff)
1830/--/-- 21 - belgium asserts its independence from the netherlands.
1830/--/-- 21 - british geologist charles lyell begins publishing his principles of geology.
1830/--/-- 21 - fructuoso rivera is elected as first president of uruguay.
1830/--/-- 21 - george catlin begins his paintings of north american indians about this time.
1830/--/-- 21 - greece becomes independent from turkey.
1830/--/-- 21 - hector berlioz composes his first major work the symphonie fantastique.
1830/--/-- 21 - indian removal act moves eastern indians west of mississippi
1830/--/-- 21 - joseph smith founds the mormon church at fayette, new york.
1830/--/-- 21 - louis philippe is chosen as the citizen king of france.
1830/--/-- 21 - philipon publishes the satirical weekly la caricature, with contributions by daumier.
1830/--/-- 21 - polish rebellions are suppressed by russia.
1830/--/-- 21 - simon bolivar resigns as dictator of gran colombia, he dies later in the year.
1830/--/-- 21 - the indian removal act is passed to move the southeastern tribes to indian territory.
1830/--/-- 21 - the july revolution in france forces the abdication of charles x.
1830/--/-- 21 - the women's magazine godey's lady's book is published in the u.s.
1830/--/-- 21 - the locomotive best friend of charleston is in use on the first u.s. railroad.
1830/--/-- 21 - william iv succeeds george iv as king of england, scotland, and ireland.
1831/--/-- 22 - british naturalist charles darwin sails to south america aboard h.m.s. beagle.
1831/--/-- 22 - cyrus mccormick invents a mechanical reaper.
1831/--/-- 22 - explorer james clark ross determines the position of the north magnetic pole.
1831/--/-- 22 - italian revolutionary giuseppe mazzini founds the young italy movement.
1831/--/-- 22 - jose antonio paez becomes the first president of venezuela.
1831/--/-- 22 - king louis philippe founds the french foreign legion.
1831/--/-- 22 - leopold i is selected as the first king of belgium.
1831/--/-- 22 - michael faraday demonstrates his theory of electromagnetic induction.
1831/--/-- 22 - nat turner leads a black slave revolt in virginia; he is captured and hanged.
1831/--/-- 22 - russian poet aleksandr pushkin completes his masterpiece eugene onegin.
1831/--/-- 22 - the crown colony of british guiana (guyana) is formed.
1831/--/-- 22 - victor hugo "hunchback of notre dame"
1831/--/-- 22 - william lloyd garrison publishes the abolitionist newspaper the liberator.
1832/--/-- 23 - george sand (aurore dudevant) publishes her first novel indiana.
1832/--/-- 23 - japanese artist hiroshige begins work on fifty-three stages of the tokaido.
1832/--/-- 23 - samuel f.b. morse designs improved electromagnetic telegraph
1832/--/-- 23 - the black hawk war is the last major indian conflict east of the mississippi river.
1832/--/-- 23 - the democratic party is formally established as a national organization.
1833/--/-- 24 - a bavarian prince becomes king otto of greece.
1833/--/-- 24 - britain occupies the falkland islands.
1833/--/-- 24 - carl von clausewitz's classic study of warfare on war is published.
1833/--/-- 24 - general santa anna becomes president of mexico.
1833/--/-- 24 - isabella ii succeeds ferdinand vii, king of spain; the carlist wars begin.
1833/--/-- 24 - president jackson withdraws federal deposits from the bank of the united states.
1833/--/-- 24 - santa anna elected president of mexico
1833/--/-- 24 - the american anti-slavery society is inaugurated in philadelphia.
1833/--/-- 24 - victor hugo's novel the hunchback of notre dame is published in english.
1834/--/-- 25 - a quadruple alliance is formed to aid isabella ii of spain and maria ii of portugal.
1834/--/-- 25 - american inventor jacob perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834/--/-- 25 - british politician sir robert peel founds the conservative party.
1834/--/-- 25 - indian territory founded
1834/--/-- 25 - slavery abolished in british empire
1834/--/-- 25 - the carlist wars resume in spain.
1834/--/-- 25 - the hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in london.
1834/--/-- 25 - the whig party is formed to oppose andrew jackson and the democratic party.
1835/--/-- 26 - american settlers begin the texas revolution against mexican rule.
1835/--/-- 26 - attempts to move the seminole indians begins the second seminole war.
1835/--/-- 26 - danish writer hans christian andersen publishes tales told for children.
1835/--/-- 26 - french politician alexis de tocqueville publishes democracy in america.
1835/--/-- 26 - james gordon bennett founds the new york herald newspaper.
1835/--/-- 26 - second seminole war in florida
1836/--/-- 27 - american educator william holmes mcguffey begins editing his readers.
1836/--/-- 27 - american inventor samuel colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836/--/-- 27 - american literary figure ralph waldo emerson founds the transcendental club.
1836/--/-- 27 - arkansas is inaugurated as the 25th state of the union.
1836/--/-- 27 - boer (afrikaner) settlers begin the great trek into the south african interior.
1836/--/-- 27 - bolivian president santa cruz invades peru and forms the peru-bolivian confederation.
1836/--/-- 27 - charles barry designs westminster palace in the gothic revival style.
1836/--/-- 27 - charles dickens publishes his first popular work the pickwick papers.
1836/--/-- 27 - john c. calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent congress debating slavery.
1836/--/-- 27 - republic of texas forms
1836/--/-- 27 - russian author nikolai gogol writes his play the inspector general.
1836/--/-- 27 - santa anna's army storms the alamo in texas, killing the defenders.
1836/--/-- 27 - texans under sam houston defeat santa anna at the san jacinto river.
1836/--/-- 27 - texas revolution
1836/--/-- 27 - the arc de triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in paris.
1837/--/-- 28 - britain's refusal to grant more home rule in canada leads to the rebellions of 1837.
1837/--/-- 28 - british scientist charles wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837/--/-- 28 - charles dickens "oliver twist"
1837/--/-- 28 - louis daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837/--/-- 28 - martin van buren (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1837/--/-- 28 - michigan is inaugurated as the 26th state of the union.
1837/--/-- 28 - mikhail lermontov writes the death of a poet, inspired by the death of pushkin.
1837/--/-- 28 - russian poet aleksandr pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837/--/-- 28 - scottish historian thomas carlyle publishes the french revolution.
1837/--/-- 28 - seminole indian leader osceola is captured.
1837/--/-- 28 - van buren is inaugurated as the 8th u.s. president; johnson becomes vice-president.
1837/--/-- 28 - william iv dies; victoria succeeds him as queen of england, scotland, and ireland.
1837/06/-- 28 - victoria succeeds as queen of great britain and ireland.
1838/--/-- 29 - boer (afrikaner) leader andries pretorius defeats the zulus at the battle of blood river.
1838/--/-- 29 - british artist joseph mallord william turner paints the fighting temeraire.
1838/--/-- 29 - charles wilkes heads a u.s. navy expedition to antarctica.
1838/--/-- 29 - cherokee "trail of tears"
1838/--/-- 29 - french philosopher auguste comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838/--/-- 29 - iowa territory organized
1838/--/-- 29 - john deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838/--/-- 29 - samuel f.b. morse develops the morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838/--/-- 29 - scottish blacksmith kirkpatrick macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838/06/08 29 - victoria crowned queen of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by will
1839/--/-- 30 - american inventor charles goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839/--/-- 30 - chile defeats santa cruz's peru-bolivian confederation at the battle of yungay.
1839/--/-- 30 - daguerre invents first form of photography
1839/--/-- 30 - french novelist stendhal writes the charterhouse of parma.
1839/--/-- 30 - hungarian composer and pianist franz liszt embarks on a concert tour of europe.
1839/--/-- 30 - jose rafael carrera captures guatemala; the central american federation is dissolved.
1839/--/-- 30 - stephens and catherwood explore maya ruins in the yucatan.
1839/--/-- 30 - the anglo-afghan wars begin in afghanistan.
1839/--/-- 30 - the opium wars begin between britain and china.
1839/--/-- 30 - theodor schwann and matthias jakob schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840/--/-- 31 - civil war breaks out in uruguay between the colorados (reds) and blancos (whites).
1840/--/-- 31 - edgar allen poe: "tales of the grotesque and arabesque"
1840/--/-- 31 - french philosopher and anarchist pierre joseph proudhon writes what is property.
1840/--/-- 31 - horatio greenough's classical statue of george washington is strongly criticized.
1840/--/-- 31 - maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to queen victoria in the treaty of waitangi.
1840/--/-- 31 - queen victoria marries prince albert of saxe-coburg.
1840/--/-- 31 - swiss-american naturalist louis agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840/--/-- 31 - the liberty party is founded in albany, n.y. based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840/--/-- 31 - the underground railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the u.s.
1840/--/-- 31 - the first adhesive postage stamp, the penny black, is issued in london.
1840/--/-- 31 - the metric system of measurement is reinstated in france.
1840/--/-- 31 - upper and lower canada are united in the single province of canada.
1840/--/-- 31 - upper and lower canada united
1841/--/-- 32 - edgar allan poe writes an early detective story the murders in the rue morgue.
1841/--/-- 32 - george grey is appointed governor of south australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- 32 - harrison is inaugurated as the 9th u.s. president; tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- 32 - horace greeley founds the new york tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- 32 - italian ballerina carlotta grisi creates the role of giselle.
1841/--/-- 32 - john tyler (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 32 - muhammad ali defeats the ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of egypt.
1841/--/-- 32 - new zealand is established as a separate british colony.
1841/--/-- 32 - president harrison dies; john tyler is inaugurated as the 10th u.s. president
1841/--/-- 32 - whig prime minister lord melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by sir robert peel.
1841/--/-- 32 - william henry harrison (whig) becomes president of the united states
1841/--/-- 32 - william henry talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1842/--/-- 33 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in massachusetts
1842/--/-- 33 - american explorer john c. fremont begins surveying the oregon trail.
1842/--/-- 33 - american showman p.t. barnum discovers the 40-inch midget tom thumb.
1842/--/-- 33 - austrian physicist christian johann doppler predicts the doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 33 - china cedes hong kong to britain.
1842/--/-- 33 - china is defeated in the first opium war; chinese ports are opened to british trade.
1842/--/-- 33 - italian composer gaetano donizetti writes his opera don pasquale.
1843/--/-- 34 - a coup in greece forces king otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 34 - black american sojourner truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 34 - danish philosopher soren kierkegaard publishes either/or.
1843/--/-- 34 - english art critic john ruskin begins publishing modern painters.
1843/--/-- 34 - german astronomer samuel schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 35 - alexander dumas "the three muskateers"
1844/--/-- 35 - eastern hispaniola declares independence from haiti as the dominican republic.
1844/--/-- 35 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas pere) publishes the three musketeers.
1844/--/-- 35 - joseph smith, founder of the mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 35 - samuel f.b. morse establishes the first u.s. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 35 - settlers in new south wales force britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 35 - the young men's christian association (ymca) is founded in england.
1844/--/-- 35 - william henry talbot begins his pencil of nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 36 - american author margaret fuller publishes women in the nineteenth century.
1845/--/-- 36 - british archaeologist austen layard excavates the sites of nimrud and nineveh.
1845/--/-- 36 - civil war ends in peru; castilla ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 36 - failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in ireland.
1845/--/-- 36 - florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 36 - french artists gavarni and grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 36 - german composer robert schumann writes his piano concerto in a minor.
1845/--/-- 36 - german scientist alexander von humboldt publishes the first volume of his kosmos.
1845/--/-- 36 - james k. polk (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1845/--/-- 36 - polk is inaugurated as the 11th u.s. president; dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 36 - sir john franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the northwest passage.
1845/--/-- 36 - the republic of texas becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 36 - the republic of texas is annexed by the u.s.; it becomes the 28th state of the union.
1845/--/-- 36 - the sikh wars begin in british india.
1845/--/-- 36 - the first clipper ship the rainbow is built in new york.
1845/--/-- 36 - the term manifest destiny is first used in defense of u.s. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 37 - adolphe sax patents the saxophone in paris.
1846/--/-- 37 - american dentist william morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 37 - german astronomer johann galle makes the first observation of the planet neptune.
1846/--/-- 37 - german philosopher ludwig feuerbach publishes the essence of religion.
1846/--/-- 37 - henry creswicke rawlinson deciphers the mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 37 - iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the union.
1846/--/-- 37 - mexican war
1846/--/-- 37 - mormon trek from navoo to salt lake city
1846/--/-- 37 - oregon boundary with canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 37 - the christy minstrels begin performing in new york.
1846/--/-- 37 - the mexican war begins over the u.s. annexation of texas.
1846/--/-- 37 - the mexican government collapses; santa anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 37 - the smithsonian institution is created by congress.
1846/--/-- 37 - the border between the u.s. and canada is established, settling the oregon question.
1846/--/-- 37 - u.s. forces under stephen watts kearny occupy new mexico.
1846/--/-- 37 - u.s. forces under zachary taylor defeat the mexicans at palo alto and monterrey.
1846/--/-- 37 - writer and artist edward lear publishes a book of nonsense.
1847/--/-- 38 - american missionary marcus whitman is killed by cayuse indians in oregon.
1847/--/-- 38 - american oceanographer matthew maury publishes his first wind and current charts.
1847/--/-- 38 - charlotte bronte publishes jane eyre; emily bronte publishes wuthering heights.
1847/--/-- 38 - english novelist william makepeace thackeray begins vanity fair.
1847/--/-- 38 - honore de balzac completes la comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 38 - italian statesman cavour founds the liberal newspaper il risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 38 - maria mitchell, the first woman astronomer in america, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 38 - mormons and the indians
1847/--/-- 38 - scott enters mexico city after a series of battles; mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 38 - sir james simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 38 - taylor defeats santa anna's mexican army at the battle of buena vista.
1847/--/-- 38 - the african slave colony of liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 38 - the american medical association is founded.
1847/--/-- 38 - the mormons under brigham young found salt lake city.
1847/--/-- 38 - the u.s. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 38 - u.s. forces under stockton, fremont and kearny occupy california.
1847/--/-- 38 - u.s. forces under winfield scott land at veracruz and advance on mexico city.
1848/--/-- 39 - a czech uprising under frantisek palacky is suppressed by austria.
1848/--/-- 39 - american engineer james bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 39 - february revolution by french workers makes louis napoleon iii president of 2nd reublic
1848/--/-- 39 - ferdinand i abdicates; francis joseph becomes emperor of austria.
1848/--/-- 39 - french barbizon artist theodore rousseau paints the forest at fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 39 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas fils) publishes his novel camille.
1848/--/-- 39 - gold discovered in california
1848/--/-- 39 - holman hunt, millais and rossetti form the pre-raphaelite brotherhood in britain.
1848/--/-- 39 - karl marx and friedrich engels publish the communist manifesto.
1848/--/-- 39 - karl marx and friedrick engels publish "communist manifesto"
1848/--/-- 39 - louis philippe abdicates; a second republic is declared in france.
1848/--/-- 39 - mexican cession
1848/--/-- 39 - risorgimento leader garibaldi returns to italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 39 - scottish physicist william thomson kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 39 - the austrian revolution begins in vienna; chancellor metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 39 - the revolutions of 1848 break out in europe.
1848/--/-- 39 - the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo ratifies the cession of california and new mexico.
1848/--/-- 39 - the discovery of gold at sutter's mill begins the california gold rush.
1848/--/-- 39 - the first u.s. women's rights assembly meets at the seneca falls convention.
1848/--/-- 39 - uprisings in berlin force frederick william iv to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 39 - wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the union.
1849/--/-- 40 - amelia bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 40 - austrian forces crush the italian revolution; mazzini and garibaldi flee from italy.
1849/--/-- 40 - austrian premier felix schwarzenberg uses the russian army to defeat the hungarians.
1849/--/-- 40 - black slave harriet tubman escapes and begins her underground railway work.
1849/--/-- 40 - elizabeth blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 40 - francois rene de chateaubriand publishes memoirs from beyond the tomb.
1849/--/-- 40 - french physicist armand fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 40 - lajos kossuth declares hungarian independence from austria.
1849/--/-- 40 - russian anarchist mikhail bakunin is deported to siberia.
1849/--/-- 40 - taylor is inaugurated as the 12th u.s. president; fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 40 - zachary taylor (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 41 - allan pinkerton founds the pinkerton national detective agency.
1850/--/-- 41 - american author nathaniel hawthorne writes the scarlet letter.
1850/--/-- 41 - american popular songwriter stephen foster publishes camptown races.
1850/--/-- 41 - california is inaugurated as the 31st state of the union.
1850/--/-- 41 - congress reinforces the fugitive slave law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 41 - elizabeth barrett browning publishes her sonnets from the portuguese.
1850/--/-- 41 - english author charles dickens writes david copperfield.
1850/--/-- 41 - french realist artist gustave courbet paints the stone breakers.
1850/--/-- 41 - jenny lind the swedish nightingale begins her u.s. tour.
1850/--/-- 41 - millard fillmore (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 41 - nathanial hawthorne "the scarlet letter"
1850/--/-- 41 - photographer mathew brady publishes the gallery of illustrious americans.
1850/--/-- 41 - plains indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 41 - president taylor dies; millard fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th u.s. president.
1850/--/-- 41 - the compromise of 1850 establishes california as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 41 - the taiping rebellion breaks out in china against the ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 41 - the first issue of harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 41 - utah and new mexico territories
1851/--/-- 42 - a gold rush begins in victoria, australia; victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 42 - american author herman melville publishes moby-dick.
1851/--/-- 42 - giuseppe verdi's opera rigoletto is produced in venice.
1851/--/-- 42 - harriet beecher stowe begins publishing uncle tom's cabin.
1851/--/-- 42 - henry jarvis raymond and george jones found the new york times.
1851/--/-- 42 - isaac merrit singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 42 - jacob fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in baltimore.
1851/--/-- 42 - melville "moby dick"
1851/--/-- 42 - mongkut (rama iv) becomes king of siam (thailand).
1851/--/-- 42 - singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 42 - the crystal palace is built in london to house the great exhibition.
1851/--/-- 42 - the u.s. yacht america defeats 17 british yachts in the first america's cup contest.
1851/--/-- 42 - the first college sorority is established at wesleyan college, georgia.
1852/--/-- 43 - argentinean dictator rosas is defeated by forces under urquiza at monte caseros.
1852/--/-- 43 - britain gains control of the irrawaddy delta after the second anglo-burma war.
1852/--/-- 43 - the grimms begin publication of their deutsches worterbuch (german dictionary).
1852/--/-- 43 - the second empire begins in france under napoleon iii.
1853/--/-- 44 - a u.s. naval squadron under matthew perry enters tokyo bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 44 - chinese rebels capture nanking and make it the capital of the taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 44 - crimean war between turkey, france & britain against russia
1853/--/-- 44 - franklin pierce (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1853/--/-- 44 - franklin pierce is inaugurated as the 14th u.s. president; king becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 44 - general santa anna becomes dictator of mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 44 - georges haussmann begins the reconstruction of paris.
1853/--/-- 44 - napoleon iii marries the empress eugenie.
1853/--/-- 44 - richard wagner begins his cycle of four operas the ring of the nibelung.
1853/--/-- 44 - russia occupies the turkish principalities of moldavia and walachia.
1853/--/-- 44 - the u.s. adds land to new mexico and arizona with the gadsden purchase.
1853/--/-- 44 - turkey issues an ultimatum to russia; the russians destroy the turkish fleet at sinope.
1854/--/-- 45 - a commercial treaty is signed between the u.s. and japan, ending japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 45 - american writer and naturalist henry david thoreau publishes walden.
1854/--/-- 45 - an anglo-french-turkish expeditionary force lands at sevastopol in the crimea.
1854/--/-- 45 - britain and france declare war on russia, beginning the crimean war.
1854/--/-- 45 - nebraska and kansas territories
1854/--/-- 45 - pope pius ix proclaims the dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin mary.
1854/--/-- 45 - raphaelite artist holman hunt paints the scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 45 - republican party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 45 - smith & wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 45 - the allied armies defeat the russians at the battle of inkerman.
1854/--/-- 45 - the british grant independence to the orange free state in south africa.
1854/--/-- 45 - the charge of the light brigade is made by the british during the battle of balaklava.
1854/--/-- 45 - the kansas-nebraska act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 45 - the republican party is formed after the passage of the kansas-nebraska act.
1854/--/-- 45 - upper half of indian territory becomes part of kansas territory
1854/02/01 45 *** goff, james m. -jimmy- [grandson] - born to goff, franklin and childress, nancy (elrod, goff) white county, tennessee
1855/--/-- 46 - british photographer roger fenton documents the crimean war.
1855/--/-- 46 - florence nightingale reforms hygienic standards in crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 46 - henry wadsworth longfellow publishes the songs of hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 46 - lord palmerston becomes prime minister of great britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 46 - matthew fontaine maury publishes the physical geography of the sea.
1855/--/-- 46 - mexican dictator santa anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 46 - nicholas i, emperor of russia dies; he is succeeded by his son alexander ii.
1855/--/-- 46 - robert browning publishes his poetry collection men and women.
1855/--/-- 46 - scottish explorer david livingstone discovers the victoria falls in africa.
1855/--/-- 46 - the allies occupy the russian fortress at sevastapol in the crimea.
1855/--/-- 46 - the first formal ice hockey game is played in kingston, ontario.
1855/--/-- 46 - walt whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the leaves of grass.
1856/--/-- 47 - a new opium war begins between china, britain and france.
1856/--/-- 47 - english chemist william perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 47 - the treaty of paris ends the crimean war.
1856/--/-- 47 - the first neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in germany.
1856/--/-- 47 - victor hugo writes les miserables during his exile from france.
1856/05/02 47 *** goff, franklin [son] & childress, nancy (elrod, goff) - married dekalb county tn
1857/--/-- 48 *** goff, alexander [father] - died
1857/--/-- 48 - buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th u.s. president; breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 48 - disputes between mormons and non-mormon settlers leads to the utah war.
1857/--/-- 48 - elisha graves otis installs the first passenger elevator in a new york city store.
1857/--/-- 48 - english author thomas hughes publishes tom brown's schooldays.
1857/--/-- 48 - french novelist gustave flaubert publishes madame bovary.
1857/--/-- 48 - french poet baudelaire publishes flowers of evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 48 - james buchanan (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1857/--/-- 48 - kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 48 - mormons and paiute indians kill 120 settlers in the mountain meadows massacre.
1857/--/-- 48 - the indian mutiny begins when indian troops rebel against the british in meerut.
1857/--/-- 48 - the oxford english dictionary is begun in england.
1858/--/-- 49 - benito juarez becomes the first mexican president of indian descent.
1858/--/-- 49 - bernadette soubirous sees visions of the vigin mary in a grotto near lourdes, france.
1858/--/-- 49 - britain and france impose the tientsin treaty on china.
1858/--/-- 49 - british explorer john hanning speke discovers lake victoria in africa.
1858/--/-- 49 - british naturalist alfred russel wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 49 - charles frederick worth establishes his paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 49 - cyrus w. field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 49 - federal forces end the utah war; brigham young is replaced as governor of utah territory.
1858/--/-- 49 - french photographer nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 49 - german-american artist albert bierstadt begins his landscapes of the american west.
1858/--/-- 49 - jacques offenbach's operetta orpheus in the underworld premiers in paris.
1858/--/-- 49 - james renwick begins the design of saint patrick's cathedral in new york city.
1858/--/-- 49 - minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the union.
1858/--/-- 49 - the fenians (irish republican brotherhood) are founded to overthrow british rule.
1858/--/-- 49 - the indian mutiny is suppressed by the british army and loyal indian troops.
1858/--/-- 49 - the government of india is transferred from the east india company to the british crown.
1859/--/-- 50 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 50 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- 50 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- 50 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- 50 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 50 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- 50 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- 50 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1860/--/-- 51 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 51 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 51 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 51 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 51 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 51 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 51 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 51 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 51 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 51 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 51 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 51 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 52 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 52 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 52 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 52 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 52 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 52 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 52 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 52 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 52 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 52 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 52 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 52 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 52 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 52 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 52 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 52 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 52 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 52 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 52 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 52 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 52 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1862/--/-- 53 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 53 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 53 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 53 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 53 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 53 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 53 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 53 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 53 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 53 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 53 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 53 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 53 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 53 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 53 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 53 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 53 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 53 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 53 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 53 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 53 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 54 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 54 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 54 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 54 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 54 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 54 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 54 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 54 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 54 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 54 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 54 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 54 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 54 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 54 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1863/08/01 54 *** goff, franklin [son] - died shot white county tennessee
1864/--/-- 55 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 55 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 55 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 55 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 55 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 55 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 55 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 55 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 55 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 55 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 55 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 55 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 55 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1865/--/-- 56 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 56 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 56 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 56 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 56 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 56 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 56 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 56 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 56 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 56 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 56 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 56 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 56 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1866/--/-- 57 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 57 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 57 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 57 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 57 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1867/--/-- 58 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 58 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 58 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 58 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 58 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 58 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 58 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 58 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 58 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 58 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1868/--/-- 59 - a military coup led by general juan prim deposes queen isabella ii of spain.
1868/--/-- 59 - a skeleton of cro-magnon man is discovered in southern france.
1868/--/-- 59 - british labor unions form the trades union congress.
1868/--/-- 59 - christopher sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 59 - chulalongkorn succeeds his father mongkut as the king of siam (thailand).
1868/--/-- 59 - feminists susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton publish revolution.
1868/--/-- 59 - johannes brahms' a german requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 59 - ndebele king mzilikazi dies in africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son lobengula.
1868/--/-- 59 - the meiji dynasty is restored in japan; the tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 59 - the ten years' war begins in cuba against spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 59 - u.s. president andrew johnson is impeached by congress but acquitted by the senate.
1868/--/-- 59 - william gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 60 - 200 pitched battles between indians and u.s. calvary
1869/--/-- 60 - english author matthew arnold publishes culture and anarchy.
1869/--/-- 60 - french artist eugene louis boudin paints on the beach at deauville.
1869/--/-- 60 - grant is inaugurated as the 18th u.s. president; colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 60 - james gordon bennett jr. commissions stanley to search for livingston in africa.
1869/--/-- 60 - john roebling designs the brooklyn bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 60 - louis riel leads the red river rebellion in canada.
1869/--/-- 60 - ludwig ii (mad ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in bavaria.
1869/--/-- 60 - philadelphia garment workers organize the knights of labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 60 - pope pius ix calls the first vatican council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 60 - russian composer modest mussorgsky begins work on his opera boris gudunov.
1869/--/-- 60 - suez canal opens
1869/--/-- 60 - the cincinnati red stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 60 - the suez canal is opened in egypt.
1869/--/-- 60 - the first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 60 - the transcontinental railroad is completed at promontory point, utah.
1869/--/-- 60 - ulysses s. grant (republican) becomes president of the united states
1869/--/-- 60 - union pacific meets central pacific
1870/--/-- 61 - american industrialist john d. rockefeller founds the standard oil company.
1870/--/-- 61 - french war minister leon gambetta escapes from besieged paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 61 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of troy.
1870/--/-- 61 - paraguayan dictator solano lopez dies, ending the war of the triple alliance.
1870/--/-- 61 - rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of italy.
1870/--/-- 61 - the franco-prussian war begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by bismark.
1870/--/-- 61 - the prussians defeat the french at sedan; napoleon iii is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 61 - the third republic is formed in france; a government of national defense is established.
1870/--/-- 61 - the city of miami is founded in florida.
1871/--/-- 62 - american explorer henry morton stanley finds dr. livingston in central africa.
1871/--/-- 62 - charles taze russell founds the jehovah's witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 62 - fire destroys one-third of the city of chicago.
1871/--/-- 62 - p.t barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 62 - the franco-prussian war ends; alsace and lorraine are ceded to germany.
1871/--/-- 62 - the french surrender to prussia incites the commune of paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 62 - the german empire is formally proclaimed at the palace of versailles.
1871/--/-- 62 - the paris commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 62 - trade unions legalized in britain
1872/--/-- 63 - american artist james mcneill whistler paints the portrait of the artist's mother.
1872/--/-- 63 - english author george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 63 - indian leader kintpuash leaves the modoc reservation; the modoc wars begin.
1872/--/-- 63 - monet paints impression: sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 63 - photographer eadweard muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 63 - the challenger expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 63 - the cities of buda and pest unite to form budapest (the capital of hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 63 - the death of kamehameha v ends the kamehameha dynasty of hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 63 - the first woman impressionist artist berthe morisot paints the cradle.
1873/--/-- 64 - englishman maj. walter clopton wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 64 - french novelist jules verne publishes around the world in eighty days.
1873/--/-- 64 - the pacific scandal in canada causes the collapse of the conservative government.
1873/--/-- 64 - the panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 65 - benjamin disraeli becomes the conservative prime minister of britain.
1874/--/-- 65 - english author thomas hardy publishes far from the madding crowd.
1874/--/-- 65 - first impressionist exhibit in paris
1874/--/-- 65 - french impressionist artist pierre auguste renoir paints la loge (the box).
1874/--/-- 65 - the comanche, kiowa and other indian tribes attack adobe walls in texas.
1874/--/-- 65 - the greenback party advocates currency reform in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 65 - the first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in paris.
1875/--/-- 66 - american author mark twain publishes tom sawyer.
1875/--/-- 66 - britain buys suez canal shares from the bankrupt egyptian leader ismail pasha.
1875/--/-- 66 - charles stewart parnell begins movement for irish independence
1875/--/-- 66 - georges bizet's opera carmen is performed in paris.
1875/--/-- 66 - mary baker eddy, founder of christian science, publishes science and health.
1875/--/-- 66 - the bourbon monarchy is restored in spain under alfonso xii.
1876/--/-- 67 - abd al-hamid ii assumes his rule as the last ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 67 - alexander graham bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 67 - alexander graham bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 67 - british philosopher herbert spencer begins publishing the principles of sociology.
1876/--/-- 67 - colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the union.
1876/--/-- 67 - general porfirio diaz seizes power as the dictator of mexico.
1876/--/-- 67 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of mycenae.
1876/--/-- 67 - impressionist artist alfred sisley paints flood at the port of marly.
1876/--/-- 67 - japan forces korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of china.
1876/--/-- 67 - johann strauss jr. composes his waltz the beautiful blue danube.
1876/--/-- 67 - national league founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 67 - queen victoria assumes the title of empress of india.
1876/--/-- 67 - sioux indians defeat general custer at the battle of little bighorn.
1876/--/-- 67 - sioux and cheyenne defeat custer at little big horn, montanna
1876/--/-- 67 - the bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of wagner's ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 67 - the u.s. centennial exposition of 1876 is held in fairmount park, philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 68 - britain annexes transvaal in south africa.
1877/--/-- 68 - chief joseph leads the nez perce tribe against the u.s. army.
1877/--/-- 68 - hayes is inaugurated as the 19th u.s. president; wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 68 - italian astronomer giovanni schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on mars.
1877/--/-- 68 - nez perce leave idaho for canada
1877/--/-- 68 - rutherford b. hayes (republican) becomes president of the united states
1877/--/-- 68 - tchaikovsky's swan lake is performed by the bolshoi ballet in moscow.
1877/--/-- 68 - the all-england lawn tennis championship is played at wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 68 - the japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by saigo takamori.
1877/--/-- 68 - thomas edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 68 - turkish suppression of balkan nationalists leads to a new russo-turkish war.
1878/--/-- 69 - ismail pasha presents cleopatra's needles to britain (1878) and the u.s. (1880).
1878/--/-- 69 - northern cheyenne escape indian territory
1878/--/-- 69 - serbia, montenegro and romania are granted independence from turkey.
1878/--/-- 69 - the congress of berlin reverses russian gains from the san stefano treaty.
1878/--/-- 69 - the d'oyly carte opera company performs gilbert and sullivan's h.m.s. pinafore.
1878/--/-- 69 - the russo-turkish war ends; the treaty of san stefano is imposed on turkey.
1878/--/-- 69 - the second anglo-afghan war begins.
1878/--/-- 69 - turkey's provinces of bosnia and hercegovina are placed under austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 70 - belgian king leopold ii sponsors henry morton stanley's expedition to the congo.
1879/--/-- 70 - cetewayo's zulus defeat the british at isandhlwana, but are beaten at ulundi.
1879/--/-- 70 - charles stewart parnell leads the home rule for ireland party.
1879/--/-- 70 - general roca defeats the patagonian indians, opening the pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 70 - impressionist artist edgar degas paints ballerina posing for a photograph.
1879/--/-- 70 - norwegian playwright henrik ibsen writes a doll's house.
1879/--/-- 70 - tawfiq pasha succeeds his father ismail pasha as khedive (viceroy) of egypt.
1879/--/-- 70 - territorial disputes lead to the war of the pacific between chile and peru.
1879/--/-- 70 - thomas edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 70 - thomas edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 71 - american impressionist artist mary cassatt exhibits a woman in black at the opera.
1880/--/-- 71 - australian bushranger ned kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 71 - boer (afrikaner) uprisings begin against the british in transvaal, south africa.
1880/--/-- 71 - france annexes the pacific island of tahiti.
1880/--/-- 71 - french novelist emile zola writes nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 71 - german composer jacques offenbach writes the opera tales of hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 71 - gladstone succeeds disraeli as british prime minister.
1880/--/-- 71 - russian composer peter ilich tchaikovsky writes the 1812 overture.
1881/--/-- 72 - alexander ii is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in russia.
1881/--/-- 72 - chester a. arthur (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 72 - chester a. arthur is inaugurated as the 21st u.s. president.
1881/--/-- 72 - ferdinand de lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the panama canal.
1881/--/-- 72 - garfield is inaugurated as the 20th u.s. president; arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 72 - james a. garfield (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 72 - japanese statesman itagaki taisuke founds the jiyuto (liberal party).
1881/--/-- 72 - lillie langtry, mistress of the prince of wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 72 - president garfield is assassinated by charles j. guiteau.
1881/--/-- 72 - the sudanese under mahdi muhammad ahmad overthrow egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 72 - the first u.s. tennis championship is held in newport, r.i.
1882/--/-- 73 - a triple alliance is established between austria, italy and germany.
1882/--/-- 73 - edison's new york plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 73 - impressionist artist edouard manet completes the bar at the folies-bergere.
1882/--/-- 73 - japanese statesman okuma shigenobu founds the kaishinto, or progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 73 - the british take control of egypt, suppressing uprisings against tawfiq pasha.
1882/--/-- 73 - the u.s. begins to restrict immigration with the chinese exclusion acts.
1883/--/-- 74 - buffalo bill cody organizes his wild west show.
1883/--/-- 74 - civil service established
1883/--/-- 74 - cyrus h. k. curtis publishes the lady's home journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 74 - german philosopher frederich wilhelm nietzsche begins thus spake zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 74 - maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 74 - paul kruger becomes president of the boer republic of the transvaal in south africa.
1883/--/-- 74 - russian scientist tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 74 - the brooklyn bridge is completed in new york.
1883/--/-- 74 - the fabian society is founded in london to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 74 - the island volcano of krakatoa explodes in indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 74 - the first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in chicago by william lebaron jenney.
1884/--/-- 75 - 15 european nations partition africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 75 - american author mark twain publishes the adventures of huckleberry finn.
1884/--/-- 75 - belva lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a u.s. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 75 - german east africa is formed from rwanda, mozambique,tanzania and burundi.
1884/--/-- 75 - germany occupies south west africa (namibia).
1884/--/-- 75 - lewis e. waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 76 - boston symphony orchestra organizes its promenade concerts (the boston pops).
1885/--/-- 76 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 76 - french chemist louis pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 76 - general gordon is killed by mahdist forces at the siege of khartoum in sudan.
1885/--/-- 76 - gottlieb daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 76 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1885/--/-- 76 - j. k. stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 76 - louis pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 76 - the congo free state (zaire) becomes the possession of king leopold ii of belgium.
1885/--/-- 76 - the indian national congress movement is founded in bombay.
1886/--/-- 77 - apache indian chief geronimo surrenders to general nelson miles.
1886/--/-- 77 - britain makes burma a province of india after winning the anglo-burma war.
1886/--/-- 77 - british prime minister gladstone introduces an unsuccessful home rule bill for ireland.
1886/--/-- 77 - french sculptor auguste rodin completes the kiss.
1886/--/-- 77 - gold is discovered in transvaal, south africa.
1886/--/-- 77 - haymarket square labor riot in chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 77 - jose balmaceda becomes president of chile.
1886/--/-- 77 - samuel gompers organizes the american federation of labor.
1886/--/-- 77 - the anglo-german agreement recognizes german control over tanganyika (tanzania).
1886/--/-- 77 - the statue of liberty is unveiled in new york harbor.
1887/--/-- 78 - arthur conan doyle publishes the first sherlock holmes story.
1887/--/-- 78 - france creates the union of indochina (most of modern day vietnam and kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 78 - the michelson-morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 79 - a patent is issued to american inventor john h. loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 79 - american inventor george eastman introduces the kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 79 - britain unites its caribbean colonies of trinidad and tobago.
1888/--/-- 79 - dutch artist vincent van gogh paints still life with sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 79 - eastman's kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 79 - jack the ripper murders seven women in london.
1888/--/-- 79 - russian composer nikolai rimsky-korsakov writes scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 79 - the national geographic magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 79 - william ii succeeds frederick iii as emperor of germany.
1889/--/-- 80 - benjamin harrison (republican) becomes president of the united states
1889/--/-- 80 - benjamin harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd u.s. president.
1889/--/-- 80 - crown prince rudolf of austria commits suicide at mayerling.
1889/--/-- 80 - german revolutionary rosa luxemburg is exiled in switzerland.
1889/--/-- 80 - gustave eiffel designs the eiffel tower for the paris exposition.
1889/--/-- 80 - japan's first prime minister ito hirobumi introduces the meiji constitution.
1889/--/-- 80 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 80 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 80 - north dakota and south dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 80 - north dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 80 - pedro ii emperor of brazil is overthrown in a coup; brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 80 - south dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 80 - washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 81 - afl founded by s gompers
1890/--/-- 81 - american naval officer alfred mahan publishes the influence of sea power upon history.
1890/--/-- 81 - american psychologist william james publishes the principles of psychology.
1890/--/-- 81 - cecil rhodes becomes prime minister of the cape colony in south africa.
1890/--/-- 81 - claude debussy begins composing suite bergamasque, including clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 81 - dutch artist vincent van gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 81 - german chancellor otto von bismarck is dismissed by emperor william ii.
1890/--/-- 81 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 81 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 81 - indian poet rabindranath tagore publishes manasi (the mind's embodiment).
1890/--/-- 81 - photographer jacob riis documents new york's poor in how the other half lives.
1890/--/-- 81 - sherman antitrust act
1890/--/-- 81 - sioux indians are massacred at the battle of wounded knee.
1890/--/-- 81 - the british south africa company occupies zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the ndebele.
1890/--/-- 81 - the forth railway bridge is opened, replacing the brooklyn bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 81 - wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 81 - zanzibar becomes a british protectorate.
1890/03/16 81 *** bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) & goff, james m. -jimmy- [grandson] - married dekalb county tn
1890/09/17 81 *** goff, james madison [son] - died mill spring, missouri
1891/--/-- 82 - anglo-irish author oscar wilde publishes his only novel the picture of dorian gray.
1891/--/-- 82 - english novelist thomas hardy writes tess of the d'urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 82 - eugene dubois discovers the first homo erectus remains on java in indonesia.
1891/--/-- 82 - french postimpressionist artist paul gauguin travels to tahiti.
1891/--/-- 82 - james naismith devises the game of basketball in springfield, mass.
1891/--/-- 82 - the american express company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1891/07/17 82 *** goff, america alice (lafever) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1892/--/-- 83 - french artist henri de toulouse-lautrec paints at the moulin rouge.
1892/--/-- 83 - impressionist artist paul cezanne completes the card players.
1892/--/-- 83 - james j. corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from john l. sullivan.
1892/--/-- 83 - strike at carnegie steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 83 - the san francisco examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 83 - writer and political revolutionary jose marti founds the cuban revolutionary party.
1893/--/-- 84 - american artist louis comfort tiffany begins producing art nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 84 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 84 - france adds laos to "protectorate" of indochina
1893/--/-- 84 - france adds laos to the union of indochina.
1893/--/-- 84 - gladstone's second irish home rule bill is vetoed by the house of lords in britain.
1893/--/-- 84 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1893/--/-- 84 - queen liliuokalani is ousted in hawaii; sanford b. dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 84 - the ivory coast becomes a french colony.
1893/--/-- 84 - victor horta's tassel house in brussels initiates the art nouveau architectural style.
1893/04/07 84 *** goff, betty ann (morris) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1894/--/-- 85 - britain establishes a protectorate over buganda and conquers the rest of uganda.
1894/--/-- 85 - czech decorative artist alfons mucha designs a poster of sarah bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 85 - dreyfus case splits france
1894/--/-- 85 - english artist aubrey beardsley illustrates oscar wilde's salome.
1894/--/-- 85 - english author rudyard kipling publishes the jungle book.
1894/--/-- 85 - percival lowell builds an observatory to study the martian canals.
1894/--/-- 85 - rebellion in korea begins the first sino-japanese war.
1894/--/-- 85 - the arrest of army captain albert dreyfus creates a political crisis in france.
1894/--/-- 85 - thousands of armenians are massacred in turkey.
1895/--/-- 86 - anglo-irish playwright oscar wilde writes the importance of being earnest.
1895/--/-- 86 - japan defeats china; the shimonoseki treaty establishes korean independence.
1895/--/-- 86 - louis and auguste lumiere show the first motion pictures to a paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 86 - russian revolutionary vladimir ilich lenin is exiled to siberia.
1895/--/-- 86 - sir henry irving becomes the first british actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 86 - the american bowling congress (abc) is founded.
1895/--/-- 86 - the cuban war of independence begins against spain; jose marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 86 - the jameson raid on the boer republic of transvaal increases anti-british hostility.
1895/--/-- 86 - the first list of best-selling books is published by the bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 86 - wilhelm rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 86 - x rays are discovered by german physicist wilhelm c. roentgen.
1895/04/14 86 *** goff, charlie clay [great grandson] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tennessee
1896/--/-- 87 - a tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in japan.
1896/--/-- 87 - italian composer giacomo puccini writes the opera la boheme.
1896/--/-- 87 - john philip sousa composes the stars and stripes forever.
1896/--/-- 87 - king menelik ii defeats the italians at adwa, maintaining ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 87 - supreme court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 87 - the first modern olympic games are held at athens in greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 87 - utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the union.
1897/--/-- 88 - american comic strip the katzenjammer kids is begun by rudolph dirks.
1897/--/-- 88 - austrian artist gustav klimt helps to found the vienna secession group.
1897/--/-- 88 - british physician havelock ellis begins his studies in the psychology of sex.
1897/--/-- 88 - english author rudyard kipling publishes captains courageous.
1897/--/-- 88 - french dramatist edmond rostand writes cyrano de bergerac.
1897/--/-- 88 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the sleeping gypsy.
1897/--/-- 88 - mckinley is inaugurated as the 25th u.s. president; hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 88 - russian author anton chekhov writes the play uncle vanya.
1897/--/-- 88 - stanislavsky founds the moscow art theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 88 - the first subway un the u.s. opens in boston.
1897/--/-- 88 - theodor herzl organizes the world zionist congress at basel in switzerland.
1897/--/-- 88 - william mckinley (republican) becomes president of the united states
1897/11/11 88 *** goff, nancy (pullum) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1898/--/-- 89 - anglo-irish playwright george bernard shaw publishes arms and the man.
1898/--/-- 89 - britain obtains a 99-year lease for hong kong from the chinese.
1898/--/-- 89 - commodore dewey destroys the spanish fleet in manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 89 - cuba occupied by u.s. and released
1898/--/-- 89 - english author h. g. wells publishes the war of the worlds.
1898/--/-- 89 - spain cedes puerto rico, guam and the philippines to the u.s. in the treaty of paris.
1898/--/-- 89 - spanish-american war, cuba, phillipines, us
1898/--/-- 89 - the boxer uprising begins in china; empress tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 89 - the british under kitchener defeat the mahdists at omdurman in sudan.
1898/--/-- 89 - the fashoda incident leads to a french withdrawal from the sudan.
1898/--/-- 89 - the spanish fleet is destroyed off cuba; spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 89 - the spanish-american war begins with a declaration of war by congress.
1898/--/-- 89 - the u.s. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of santiago.
1898/--/-- 89 - the u.s. battleship maine explodes in the spanish port of manila in the philippines.
1898/--/-- 89 - u.s. troops land on cuba; theodore roosevelt's rough riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 89 - william randolph hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-spanish feelings.
1899/--/-- 90 - american artist winslow homer paints the gulf stream.
1899/--/-- 90 - american composer scott joplin publishes his maple leaf rag.
1899/--/-- 90 - designer charles rennie mackintosh completes the glasgow school of art.
1899/--/-- 90 - english composer edward elgar writes the enigma variations.
1899/--/-- 90 - journalist and future statesman winston churchill escapes from boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 90 - sigmund freud "interpretation of dreams"
1899/--/-- 90 - the british under robert baden-powell are besieged by the boers at mafeking.
1899/--/-- 90 - the south african war begins between the boers (afrikaners) and the british.
1899/--/-- 90 - u.s. secretary of state john m. hay advocates an open door policy for china.
1900/--/-- 91 - american novelist theodore dreiser publishes his first novel sister carrie.
1900/--/-- 91 - an international force lifts the boxer siege of peking.
1900/--/-- 91 - british politician keir hardie helps to found the labour party.
1900/--/-- 91 - chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in peking during the boxer uprising.
1900/--/-- 91 - dutch physiologist willem einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 91 - hawaii is made a u.s. territory; sanford dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 91 - hector guimard uses art nouveau designs for the entrances to the paris metro.
1900/--/-- 91 - humbert i is assassinated; he is succeeded by victor emanuel iii as king of italy.
1900/--/-- 91 - italian author gabriele d'annunzio publishes the flame of life.
1900/--/-- 91 - james j. jeffries beats jim corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 91 - max planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 91 - psychoanalyst sigmund freud publishes the interpretation of dreams.
1900/--/-- 91 - sir arthur evans begins the excavation of the minoan palace at knossos, crete.
1900/--/-- 91 - the boers begin a guerrilla war against the british occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 91 - the british defeat the boer (afrikaner) armies in south africa and occupy pretoria.
1900/--/-- 91 - the u.s. wins the first davis cup tennis contest.
1900/03/08 91 *** goff, lena gertrude (pullum) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1901/--/-- 92 - a 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in russia.
1901/--/-- 92 - a stele bearing the code of hammurabi is discovered in susa, iran.
1901/--/-- 92 - american surgeon walter reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 92 - an american league of baseball is formed in competition to the national league.
1901/--/-- 92 - andrew carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 92 - britain incorporates ashanti territory into the gold coast (ghana).
1901/--/-- 92 - english author beatrix potter publishes her children's book the tale of peter rabbit.
1901/--/-- 92 - guglielmo marconi tests radio transmissions between england and newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 92 - king c. gillette founds the american safety razor company.
1901/--/-- 92 - pres. mckinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 92 - president mckinley is assassinated by the anarchist leon czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 92 - queen victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son edward vii.
1901/--/-- 92 - russia occupies manchuria in north-east china.
1901/--/-- 92 - sergei rachmaninoff writes his second piano concerto.
1901/--/-- 92 - sir edward elgar composes the first of his five pomp and circumstance marches.
1901/--/-- 92 - spanish painter pablo picasso's blue period begins.
1901/--/-- 92 - temperance advocate carry nation uses a hatchet to attack a kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 92 - the commonwealth of australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 92 - the first u.s. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 92 - theodore roosevelt (republican) becomes president of the united states
1901/--/-- 92 - theodore roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th u.s. president.
1901/--/-- 92 - victor l. berger and eugene v. debs help found the american socialist party.
1901/01/02 92 - edward vii succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1902/--/-- 93 - american artist robert henri paints the new york street scene west 57th street.
1902/--/-- 93 - conan doyle writes the sherlock holmes adventure the hound of the baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 93 - english author joseph conrad publishes heart of darkness.
1902/--/-- 93 - french filmmaker georges melies produces a trip to the moon.
1902/--/-- 93 - italian opera singer enrico caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 93 - maksim gorky's the lower depths is produced at the moscow art theater.
1902/--/-- 93 - oliver wendell holmes jr. is appointed to the u.s. supreme court.
1902/--/-- 93 - roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 93 - the photo-secession group is founded in new york by photographer alfred stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 93 - the treaty of vereeniging ends the south african war.
1902/01/31 93 *** goff, mary ida (dilldine) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tennessee
1902/08/-- 93 - edward vii crowned king of great britain and ireland and emperor of india at wes
1903/--/-- 94 - alexander, king of serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by peter i.
1903/--/-- 94 - american author jack london publishes the call of the wild.
1903/--/-- 94 - american novelist henry james publishes the ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 94 - bernard shaw's play man and superman is produced in london.
1903/--/-- 94 - colonel francis younghusband leads a british military expedition into tibet.
1903/--/-- 94 - edwin s. porter directs the pioneering western film the great train robbery.
1903/--/-- 94 - emmeline pankhurst founds the women's social and political union in britain.
1903/--/-- 94 - marie and pierre curie win the nobel prize for physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 94 - orville wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 94 - panama declares its independence from columbia; the u.s. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 94 - the rolls-royce automobile company is founded in britain.
1903/--/-- 94 - the u.s. acquires perpetual control over the panama canal zone.
1903/--/-- 94 - the first world series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 94 - vladimir ilich lenin organizes the bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 94 - wright bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 94 - world series nl pittsburgh (3) al boston (5)
1904/--/-- 95 - italian composer giacomo puccini's opera madame butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 95 - ivan pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the nobel prize.
1904/--/-- 95 - james barrie's play peter pan is produced in london.
1904/--/-- 95 - max weber publishes the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
1904/--/-- 95 - roosevelt asserts u.s. right to intervene in latin america
1904/--/-- 95 - russia and japan at war
1904/--/-- 95 - russian author anton chekhov's play the cherry orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 95 - territorial disputes in manchuria begin the russo-japanese war.
1904/--/-- 95 - the abbey theatre is founded in dublin.
1904/--/-- 95 - the new york city subway is opened.
1904/03/23 95 *** goff, martha ada (morris, jones) [great granddaughter] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tn
1905/--/-- 96 - a general strike and revolution begin in russia; nicholas ii grants a constitution.
1905/--/-- 96 - albert einstein proposes special theory of relativity
1905/--/-- 96 - ambrose fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905/--/-- 96 - american humorist and actor will rogers makes his new york city debut.
1905/--/-- 96 - american labor leader eugene v. debs founds the industrial workers of the world.
1905/--/-- 96 - chinese revolutionary sun yat-sen founds the t'ung-meng hui (alliance society).
1905/--/-- 96 - ernst ludwig kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group die brucke.
1905/--/-- 96 - french territorial ambitions spark the first moroccan crisis.
1905/--/-- 96 - german physicist albert einstein proposes his special theory of relativity.
1905/--/-- 96 - german poet rainer maria rilke publishes the book of hours.
1905/--/-- 96 - henri matisse and andre derain form the fauves (wild beasts) art movement.
1905/--/-- 96 - psychologist alfred binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905/--/-- 96 - roosevelt begins his second term as u.s. president; fairbanks becomes vice-president.
1905/--/-- 96 - the cullinan diamond is found in south africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905/--/-- 96 - the russian fleet is destroyed by the japanese at the battle of tsushima.
1905/--/-- 96 - the sinn fein irish nationalist movement is founded by arthur griffith.
1905/--/-- 96 - the union of norway and sweden is dissolved; haakon vii is elected king of norway.
1905/--/-- 96 - w.e.b. du bois forms the niagara movement to demand full civil rights for black americans.
1905/--/-- 96 - mini-revolution in russia
1905/10/-- 96 - world series nl new york (4) al philadelphia (1)
1906/--/-- 97 - british author john galsworthy publishes the first novel of the forsythe saga.
1906/--/-- 97 - h.m.s. dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched.
1906/--/-- 97 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen traverses the northwest passage.
1906/--/-- 97 - the aga khan iii forms the all-india moslim league.
1906/--/-- 97 - the dreyfus affair ends with the pardoning of french army officer alfred dreyfus.
1906/--/-- 97 - the san francisco earthquake kills 700.
1906/--/-- 97 - under the platt amendment u.s. troops return to cuba to quell rebellion and restore order.
1906/--/-- 97 - upton sinclair's novel the jungle leads to the u.s. pure foods and drugs act.
1906/10/-- 97 - world series nl chicago (2) al chicago (4)
1906/10/06 97 *** goff, james roy "jimmy" [great grandson] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff)
1907/--/-- 98 - a triple entente is formed between britain, france and russia.
1907/--/-- 98 - anna pavlova dances the dying swan, choreographed by mikhail fokine.
1907/--/-- 98 - irish playwright j.m. synge writes the playboy of the western world.
1907/--/-- 98 - lee de forest invents the triode, a key component for amplifying radio signals.
1907/--/-- 98 - oklahoma is inaugurated as the 46th state of the union.
1907/--/-- 98 - rasputin gains influence at the court of russian emperor nicholas ii.
1907/--/-- 98 - the panic of 1907 begins with the collapse of the u.s. stock market.
1907/--/-- 98 - the first ziegfeld follies are staged in new york city.
1907/10/-- 98 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (0)
1908/--/-- 99 - an earthquake at messina in italy kills 80,000.
1908/--/-- 99 - austria-hungary annexes bosnia and hercegovina.
1908/--/-- 99 - austrian artist gustav klimt paints the kiss.
1908/--/-- 99 - automaker william durant founds the general motors company.
1908/--/-- 99 - british soldier robert baden-powell founds the boy scout movement.
1908/--/-- 99 - filmmakers charles pathe and leon gaumont produce the first newsreel.
1908/--/-- 99 - ge patents electric toaster
1908/--/-- 99 - jack johnson becomes the first black heavyweight boxing champion.
1908/--/-- 99 - kenneth grahame publishes his children's story the wind in the willows.
1908/--/-- 99 - king leopold ii of the belgians establishes the independent state of congo in africa.
1908/--/-- 99 - liberal leader herbert asquith becomes prime minister of britain.
1908/--/-- 99 - mary baker eddy establishes the christian science monitor.
1908/--/-- 99 - pablo picasso and georges braque cofound the cubism art movement.
1908/--/-- 99 - the ashcan school of painters exhibit in new york city.
1908/--/-- 99 - the ford motor company produces the first model t automobile.
1908/--/-- 99 - the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) is founded.
1908/--/-- 99 - the tunguska fireball explodes in siberia with the force of a modern h-bomb.
1908/--/-- 99 - the young turk revolution in turkey leads to political reform.
1908/02/02 99 *** lafever, luke gilliam & goff, america alice (lafever) [great granddaughter] - married
1908/10/-- 99 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (1)
1909/--/-- 100 - american architect frank lloyd wright builds the robie house in chicago.

1909/--/-- 100 - american artist george bellows paints the prize fight scene stag at sharkey's.
1909/--/-- 100 - american explorer robert e. peary reaches the north pole.
1909/--/-- 100 - american poet william carlos williams publishes poems, his first book.
1909/--/-- 100 - american writer gertrude stein publishes three lives.
1909/--/-- 100 - french aviator louis bleriot makes the first flight across the english channel.
1909/--/-- 100 - naacp in nyc
1909/--/-- 100 - russian impresario serge diaghilev presents the ballet russe in paris.
1909/--/-- 100 - taft is inaugurated as the 27th u.s. president; sherman becomes vice-president.
1909/--/-- 100 - william howard taft (republican) becomes president of the united states
1909/01/03 100 *** goff, lanis franklin [great grandson] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) silver point, dekalb county tennessee
1909/10/-- 100 - world series nl pittsburgh (4) al detroit (3)
1910/--/-- 101 - british empire covers 1/5th of world land area
1910/--/-- 101 - british author arnold bennett publishes clayhanger.
1910/--/-- 101 - british politician winston churchill is appointed first lord of the admiralty.
1910/--/-- 101 - france groups four african territories together as french equatorial africa.
1910/--/-- 101 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the dream.
1910/--/-- 101 - french sculptor auguste rodin casts the bronze figure the thinker.
1910/--/-- 101 - fundamentalism begins with "five points"
1910/--/-- 101 - george v succeeds his father edward vii as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/--/-- 101 - german bacteriologist paul ehrlich synthesizes salversan, a cure for syphilis.
1910/--/-- 101 - italian artists led by umberto boccioni found the futurism movement.
1910/--/-- 101 - japanese forces annex korea.
1910/--/-- 101 - madero, villa and zapata lead a revolution against mexican dictator porfirio diaz.
1910/--/-- 101 - russian-born artist wassily kandinsky executes his first abstract painting.
1910/--/-- 101 - the art deco architectural and decorative arts style begins to become popular.
1910/--/-- 101 - the union of south africa is formed; louis botha becomes the first prime minister.
1910/05/-- 101 - george v succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/10/-- 101 - world series nl chicago (1) al philadelphia (4)
1911/--/-- 102 - american aviator glen curtiss flies the first successful seaplane.
1911/--/-- 102 - american novelist edith wharton publishes ethan frome.
1911/--/-- 102 - american songwriter irving berlin publishes alexander's ragtime band.
1911/--/-- 102 - elmer a. sperry designs the first american gyrocompass.
1911/--/-- 102 - english author g.k. chesterton publishes the first father brown story.
1911/--/-- 102 - german-american anthropologist franz boas publishes the mind of primitive man.
1911/--/-- 102 - hans geiger invents an electrical device to count individual alpha particles.
1911/--/-- 102 - italy's attempts to annex cyrenaica and tripolitania leads to the italo-turkish war.
1911/--/-- 102 - mexican dictator porfirio diaz is overthrown; francisco madero becomes president.
1911/--/-- 102 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen reaches the south pole ahead of robert scott.
1911/--/-- 102 - richard strauss' opera der rosenkavalier is performed for the first time.
1911/--/-- 102 - robert a millikan measures electron's charge
1911/--/-- 102 - russian artist marc chagall paints i and my village.
1911/--/-- 102 - sir ernest rutherford formulates his theory of atomic structure.
1911/--/-- 102 - the ch'ing dynasty is deposed in china; a republic is formed under sun yat-sen.
1911/--/-- 102 - the first film studio is established at hollywood in california.
1911/--/-- 102 - tibet declares its independence from china.
1911/--/-- 102 - willis carrier designs the first practical air conditioning system.
1911/06/02 102 - george v crowned king of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by randa
1911/10/-- 102 - world series nl new york (2) al philadelphia (4)
1912/--/-- 103 - american indian jim thorpe wins the olympic decathlon and pentathlon.
1912/--/-- 103 - american author edgar rice burroughs publishes tarzan of the apes.
1912/--/-- 103 - american writer willa cather publishes her first novel alexander's bridge.
1912/--/-- 103 - arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 103 - austrian psychologist alfred adler publishes the neurotic constitution.
1912/--/-- 103 - british explorers under scott reach the south pole but die during their return.
1912/--/-- 103 - french dada artist marcel duchamp paints nude descending a staircase.
1912/--/-- 103 - german geophysicist alfred wegener formulates his continental drift hypothesis.
1912/--/-- 103 - morocco is divided between france and spain after the second moroccan crisis.
1912/--/-- 103 - new mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state.
1912/--/-- 103 - new mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state; arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 103 - piltdown man is discovered in britain, beginning an elaborate scientific hoax.
1912/--/-- 103 - russian dancer vaslav nijinsky choreographs and dances in the afternoon of the faun.
1912/--/-- 103 - the balkan league begins the first balkan war against the ottoman empire.
1912/--/-- 103 - the liner titanic sinks after colliding with an iceberg on her maiden voyage.
1912/--/-- 103 - theodore roosevelt campaigns for the u.s. presidency under the bull moose ticket.
1912/10/-- 103 - world series nl new york (3) al boston (4)
1913/--/-- 104 - american poet robert frost publishes a boy's will.
1913/--/-- 104 - bertrand russell and a.e. whitehead publish principia mathematica.
1913/--/-- 104 - danish physicist niels bohr publishes his atomic theory.
1913/--/-- 104 - english novelist d.h. lawrence publishes sons and lovers.
1913/--/-- 104 - federal income tax is introduced in the u.s.
1913/--/-- 104 - igor stravinsky's ballet the rite of spring causes a scandal at the paris premiere.
1913/--/-- 104 - indian poet rabindranath tagore wins the nobel prize for literature.
1913/--/-- 104 - king george i of greece is assassinated; he is succeeded by constantine i
1913/--/-- 104 - marcel proust writes the first volume of remembrance of things past.
1913/--/-- 104 - medical missionary albert schweitzer builds a hospital at lambarene in africa.
1913/--/-- 104 - russian revolutionary joseph stalin is exiled to siberia by the tsarist government.
1913/--/-- 104 - samuel goldwyn founds his first movie company with jesse lasky and cecil b. de mille.
1913/--/-- 104 - socialists sidney and beatrice webb found the political journal the new statesman.
1913/--/-- 104 - the constructivism art movement begins in russia.
1913/--/-- 104 - the island of crete is united with greece.
1913/--/-- 104 - the second balkan war begins with a bulgarian attack on serbia.
1913/--/-- 104 - victoriano huerta leads a military coup in mexico; president francisco madero is killed.
1913/--/-- 104 - wilson is inaugurated as the 28th u.s. president; marshall becomes vice-president.
1913/--/-- 104 - woodrow wilson (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1913/10/-- 104 - world series nl new york (1) al philadelphia (4)
1913/12/25 104 *** lafever, ella odell (goff) & goff, charlie clay [great grandson] - married married in putnam county tennessee
1914/--/-- 105 - a british expedition led by ernest shackleton is marooned in the antarctic.
1914/--/-- 105 - a german fleet defeats the british at coronel but is decimated at the falklands.
1914/--/-- 105 - archduke franz ferdinand is assassinated in sarajevo, precipitating world war i.
1914/--/-- 105 - austrian forces invade serbia but are repulsed with heavy losses.
1914/--/-- 105 - black composer w.c. handy writes the st. louis blues.
1914/--/-- 105 - charlie chaplin develops his little tramp character in a series of slapstick films.
1914/--/-- 105 - france, russia and britain (the allies) are at war with germany and austria-hungary.
1914/--/-- 105 - george bernard shaw's play pygmallion is performed for the first time.
1914/--/-- 105 - german forces invade belgium and france but are halted at the marne.
1914/--/-- 105 - german submarines begin to exact a heavy toll on allied shipping.
1914/--/-- 105 - japan joins the allies and captures the german base of tsingtao in china.
1914/--/-- 105 - mack sennett produces comedy films starring the keystone kops.
1914/--/-- 105 - parisian couturier coco chanel begins designing clothes.
1914/--/-- 105 - president wilson declares u.s. neutrality in world war i.
1914/--/-- 105 - russian forces invade east prussia but are defeated at the battle of tannenberg.
1914/--/-- 105 - the panama canal is completed, connecting the atlantic and pacific oceans.
1914/--/-- 105 - turkey declares war on the allies; britain annexes turkish cyprus.
1914/--/-- 105 - u.s. marines land at veracruz in mexico; president huerta resigns.
1914/--/-- 105 - world war i begins
1914/09/13 105 *** goff, delbert hise [great grandson] - born to goff, james m. -jimmy- and bozarth, mary elizabeth "betty" (goff) baxter, tennessee
1914/10/-- 105 - world series nl boston (4) al philadelphia (0)
1915/--/-- 106 - a german submarine torpedoes the british liner lusitania; 124 americans are killed.
1915/--/-- 106 - albert einstein formulates his general theory of relativity.
1915/--/-- 106 - anglo-french forces land at gallipoli in an attempt to force turkey out of the war.
1915/--/-- 106 - austrian writer franz kafka publishes the metamorphosis.
1915/--/-- 106 - d. w. griffith's movie the birth of a nation is shown for the first time.
1915/--/-- 106 - emiliano zapata and pancho villa lead rebellions against venustiano carranza in mexico.
1915/--/-- 106 - english author somerset maugham publishes of human bondage.
1915/--/-- 106 - german zeppelin airships begin bombing attacks on britain.
1915/--/-- 106 - italy joins the allies and invades austrian territory.
1915/--/-- 106 - president wilson recognizes the mexican government of venustiano carranza.
1915/--/-- 106 - serbia is overrun by the combined forces of austria, germany and bulgaria.
1915/--/-- 106 - the anzacs (australian and new zealand army corps) fight at gallipoli.
1915/--/-- 106 - the dada art and literary movement is formed.
1915/--/-- 106 - the germans use poison gas for the first time at ypres on the western front.
1915/--/-- 106 - u.s. marines land in haiti, beginning a 20-year period of military occupation.
1915/--/-- 106 - war poet rupert brooke's 1914 and other poems is published in the year he dies.
1915/10/-- 106 - world series nl philadelphia (1) al boston (4)
1916/--/-- 107 - albert einstein proposes general theory of relativity
1916/--/-- 107 - allied forces withdraw from gallipoli after strong turkish opposition.
1916/--/-- 107 - american poet carl sandburg publishes his first book chicago poems.
1916/--/-- 107 - british forces assault the german line at the somme; tanks are used for the first time.
1916/--/-- 107 - german assaults at verdun are repulsed by the french with great loss of life.
1916/--/-- 107 - james joyce publishes a portrait of the artist as a young man.
1916/--/-- 107 - jeannette rankin becomes the first female member of u.s. house of representatives.
1916/--/-- 107 - lloyd george becomes prime minister of britain's wartime coalition government.
1916/--/-- 107 - margaret sanger is arrested for opening a birth-control clinic in brooklyn.
1916/--/-- 107 - north sea storms flood lowlands in the netherlands, 10,000 lives are lost.
1916/--/-- 107 - t. tzara dada
1916/--/-- 107 - the british and german fleets clash at the battle of jutland.
1916/--/-- 107 - the easter rising in dublin is suppressed within a week by the british.
1916/--/-- 107 - the russian brusilov offensive meets with success on the eastern front.
1916/--/-- 107 - the trans-siberian railway is completed -- the longest continuous rail line in the world.
1916/--/-- 107 - u.s. marines land in santo domingo to quell unrest; the occupation lasts until 1924.
1916/--/-- 107 - u.s. troops under pershing invade mexico in retaliation for raids by pancho villa.
1916/10/-- 107 - world series nl brooklyn (1) al boston (4)
1917/--/-- 108 - adoption of the convoy system reduces allied losses to german submarines.
1917/--/-- 108 - anglo-american poet t.s. eliot publishes the love song of j. alfred prufrock.
1917/--/-- 108 - art critic and writer guillaume apollinaire coins the term surrealism.
1917/--/-- 108 - astrophysicist karl schwarzschild develops the black hole theory.
1917/--/-- 108 - blacks migrate north and west
1917/--/-- 108 - british forces attack the germans in the third battle of ypres.
1917/--/-- 108 - british forces under allenby capture jerusalem and bagdhad from the turks.
1917/--/-- 108 - dutch artists theo van doesburg and piet mondrian found the magazine de stijl.
1917/--/-- 108 - english composer gustav holst completes the planets.
1917/--/-- 108 - english humorist p.g. wodehouse creates bertie wooster and his butler jeeves.
1917/--/-- 108 - germany announces the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917/--/-- 108 - italian forces are defeated by austria at the battle of caporetto.
1917/--/-- 108 - russian revolutions: communist u.s.s.r. formed
1917/--/-- 108 - selective service act creates draft
1917/--/-- 108 - swiss psychiatrist carl jung publishes the psychology of the unconscious.
1917/--/-- 108 - t.e. lawrence (lawrence of arabia) leads the arab revolt against the turks.
1917/--/-- 108 - the balfour declaration endorses a jewish national homeland in palestine.
1917/--/-- 108 - the germans and the bolshevik leaders sign an armistice at brest-litovsk.
1917/--/-- 108 - the germans help lenin return to russia from exile in switzerland.
1917/--/-- 108 - the jones act gives all puerto ricans the right to u.s. citizenship.
1917/--/-- 108 - the russian revolution begins; emperor nicholas ii abdicates.
1917/--/-- 108 - the u.s. purchases the virgin islands from denmark.
1917/--/-- 108 - the united states declares war on germany.
1917/--/-- 108 - the zimmermann note proposing a secret mexican alliance with germany is revealed.
1917/--/-- 108 - the disastrous nivelle offensive leads to mutinies in the french army.
1917/--/-- 108 - the earliest jazz recordings are made in new york city.
1917/--/-- 108 - the first pulitzer prizes are awarded for journalism, letters and music.
1917/--/-- 108 - the provisional kerensky government is deposed; bolsheviks seize power in russia.
1917/10/-- 108 - world series nl new york (2) al chicago (4)
1918/--/-- 109 - advances by french, british and american armies force a general german retreat.
1918/--/-- 109 - american astronomer harlow shapley discovers the dimensions of the milky way.
1918/--/-- 109 - american author booth tarkington writes the magnificent ambersons.
1918/--/-- 109 - american forcesunder pershing help to stem the german offensive.
1918/--/-- 109 - an airmail service begins among new york, philadelphia and washington, d.c.
1918/--/-- 109 - an influenza pandemic begins (it kills 21-22 million in 2 years).
1918/--/-- 109 - austria, poland and czechoslovakia become republics in the aftermath of world war i.
1918/--/-- 109 - bloomsbury group member lytton strachey publishes eminent victorians.
1918/--/-- 109 - bolshevik leader leon trotsky organizes the red army.
1918/--/-- 109 - civil war breaks out between the red and white russian armies.
1918/--/-- 109 - french composer erik satie writes socrate.
1918/--/-- 109 - german air ace manfred von richthofen (the red baron) is shot down and killed.
1918/--/-- 109 - nicholas ii, the last emperor of russia, and his family are executed by the bolsheviks.
1918/--/-- 109 - revolution breaks out in germany; emperor william ii flees to the netherlands.
1918/--/-- 109 - shapley determines sun is part of milky way galaxy
1918/--/-- 109 - the germans renew their assault on the western front in the ludendorff offensive.
1918/--/-- 109 - the weimar republic negotiates an armistice for germany, ending world war i.
1918/--/-- 109 - the world's largest telescope is installed at mount wilson observatory.
1918/--/-- 109 - women over 30 win the vote in britain.
1918/10/-- 109 - world series nl chicago (2) al boston (4)
1919/--/-- 110 - boxer jack dempsey knocks out jess willard to become heavyweight champion.
1919/--/-- 110 - british troops massacre demonstrators at amritsar in india.
1919/--/-- 110 - english aviators alcock and brown make the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
1919/--/-- 110 - french tennis star suzanne lenglen wins the wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1919/--/-- 110 - george gershwin composes his first hit song swanee.
1919/--/-- 110 - german communist rosa luxemburg is murdered after the sparticus uprising.
1919/--/-- 110 - italian leader benito mussolini organizes his fascist movement.
1919/--/-- 110 - jan smuts succeeds louis botha as prime minister of south africa.
1919/--/-- 110 - lady astor becomes the first woman member of the british house of commons.
1919/--/-- 110 - league of nations
1919/--/-- 110 - mexican revolutionary emiliano zapata is killed.
1919/--/-- 110 - russian-american anarchist emma goldman is deported to the soviet union.
1919/--/-- 110 - the bauhaus school of design is founded in germany by walter gropius.
1919/--/-- 110 - the chicago white sox conspire to fix the baseball world series.
1919/--/-- 110 - the german fleet is scuttled at scapa flow in the orkney islands.
1919/--/-- 110 - the league of nations is formed with geneva in switzerland as its headquarters.
1919/--/-- 110 - the paris peace conference opens at versailles.
1919/--/-- 110 - the polish-soviet war begins over territorial disputes.
1919/--/-- 110 - the radio corporation of america (rca) is formed.
1919/--/-- 110 - versailles peace treaty
1919/--/-- 110 - world war i ends
1919/10/-- 110 - world series nl cincinnati (5) al chicago (3)
1920/--/-- 111 - 18th amendment prohibits alcohol
1920/--/-- 111 - 19th amendment gives women right to vote
1920/--/-- 111 - a home rule bill establishes parliaments for northern and southern ireland.
1920/--/-- 111 - admiral miklos horthy is appointed regent of hungary.
1920/--/-- 111 - adolf hitler forms the national socialist german workers' (nazi) party.
1920/--/-- 111 - american novelist sinclair lewis publishes main street.
1920/--/-- 111 - american tennis star bill tilden wins the wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1920/--/-- 111 - arturo alessandri becomes president of chile.
1920/--/-- 111 - british east africa becomes a crown colony as kenya.
1920/--/-- 111 - chaim weizmann is named president of the world zionist organization.
1920/--/-- 111 - dutch artist piet mondrian paints the composition with red, yellow and blue.
1920/--/-- 111 - french art deco glassmaker rene lalique opens a glass factory.
1920/--/-- 111 - german east africa is transferred to british control as tanganyika (now tanzania).
1920/--/-- 111 - mahatma gandhi begins a noncooperation campaign against british rule in india.
1920/--/-- 111 - mexican president venustiano carranza is deposed and killed by alvaro obregon.
1920/--/-- 111 - mystery writer agatha christie publishes her first hercule poirot story.
1920/--/-- 111 - russian artist aleksandr rodchenko designs the first mobile.
1920/--/-- 111 - the 18th amendment institutes the prohibition of alcohol throughout the u.s.
1920/--/-- 111 - the 19th amendment to the u.s. constitution gives women the right to vote.
1920/--/-- 111 - the russian civil war ends with victory for the bolsheviks.
1920/--/-- 111 - the u.s. senate votes against joining the league of nations.
1920/10/-- 111 - world series nl brooklyn (2) al cleveland (5)
1921/--/-- 112 - alexander rules the new kingdom of serbs, croats and slovenes.
1921/--/-- 112 - american anarchists nicola sacco and bartolomeo vanzetti are found guilty of murder.
1921/--/-- 112 - berber tribes under abd el-krim attack garrisons in spanish morocco.
1921/--/-- 112 - french cubist artist fernand leger paints three women.
1921/--/-- 112 - german surrealist artist max ernst paints l'elephant celebes.
1921/--/-- 112 - harding is inaugurated as the 29th u.s. president; coolidge becomes vice-president.
1921/--/-- 112 - japanese premier hara takashi is assassinated.
1921/--/-- 112 - latin lover rudolph valentino stars in the silent film the sheik.
1921/--/-- 112 - luigi pirandello's play six characters in search of an author is produced.
1921/--/-- 112 - mexican artist diego rivera begins painting murals depicting contemporary mexican life.
1921/--/-- 112 - the british broadcasting corporation (bbc) is created by royal charter.
1921/--/-- 112 - the irish free state becomes a self-governing dominion of britain.
1921/--/-- 112 - the reparations commission fixes germany's liability at 132 billion gold marks.
1921/--/-- 112 - w. l. mackenzie king is elected prime minister of canada for the first time.
1921/--/-- 112 - warren g. harding (republican) becomes president of the united states
1921/10/-- 112 - world series nl new york (5) al new york (3)
1922/--/-- 113 - anglo-american poet t.s. eliot writes the waste land.
1922/--/-- 113 - constantine i abdicates as king of greece; is succeeded by george ii.
1922/--/-- 113 - dewitt wallace launches reader's digest magazine.
1922/--/-- 113 - egypt achieves independence from britain and becomes a monarchy under fuad i.
1922/--/-- 113 - emily post publishes etiquette in society, in business, in politics, and at home.
1922/--/-- 113 - english egyptologist howard carter excavates tutankhamen's tomb.
1922/--/-- 113 - english composer william walton composes facade.
1922/--/-- 113 - explorer roy chapman andrews discovers the first fossil dinosaur eggs in the gobi desert.
1922/--/-- 113 - irish poet and novelist james joyce publishes ulysses.
1922/--/-- 113 - irish revolutionary statesman michael collins is assassinated.
1922/--/-- 113 - kemal ataturk's attempts to restore turkish territory leads to the chanak crisis.
1922/--/-- 113 - mahatma gandhi is imprisoned for civil disobedience in india.
1922/--/-- 113 - robert flaherty produces the first major film documentary nanook of the north.
1922/--/-- 113 - the fascists march on rome; king victor emmanuel iii names mussolini prime minister.
1922/--/-- 113 - william t. cosgrave becomes the first prime minister of the irish free state.
1922/10/-- 113 - world series nl new york (4) al new york (0)
1923/--/-- 114 - "king" oliver's creole jazz band is the first black band to be recorded.
1923/--/-- 114 - adolf hitler's coup d'etat in munich fails; he is captured and imprisoned.
1923/--/-- 114 - aircraft designer willy messerschmitt opens a factory in germany.
1923/--/-- 114 - american poet e. e. cummings writes the novel the enormous room.
1923/--/-- 114 - briton hadden and henry r. luce found the weekly newsmagazine time.
1923/--/-- 114 - calvin coolidge (republican) becomes president of the united states
1923/--/-- 114 - child violinist yehudi menuhin makes his public debut at age 7.
1923/--/-- 114 - filmmaker cecil b. de mille directs the biblical epic the ten commandments.
1923/--/-- 114 - french and belgian troops occupy the ruhr to enforce german war reparations.
1923/--/-- 114 - general miguel primo de rivera rules as dictator of spain.
1923/--/-- 114 - irish poet william butler yeats wins the nobel prize for literature.
1923/--/-- 114 - italy becomes first fascist state
1923/--/-- 114 - jewish philosopher martin buber publishes ich und du (i and thou).
1923/--/-- 114 - physicist hermann oberth publishes the rocket into planetary space.
1923/--/-- 114 - spanish engineer juan de la cierva invents the autogiro.
1923/--/-- 114 - stanley baldwin becomes conservative prime minister of britain for the first time.
1923/--/-- 114 - the treaty of lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern turkey.
1923/--/-- 114 - tokyo and yokohama are destroyed by an earthquake; 100,000 are killed.
1923/--/-- 114 - turkey is declared a republic; ataturk kemal becomes the first president.
1923/--/-- 114 - vladimir zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube.
1923/--/-- 114 - warren g. harding dies; calvin coolidge is inaugurated as the 30th u.s. president.
1923/10/-- 114 - world series nl new york (2) al new york (4)
1924/--/-- 115 - adolf hitler publishes his nazi political tract mein kampf (my battle).
1924/--/-- 115 - arab leader ibn saud drives the hashimites from mecca.
1924/--/-- 115 - english novelist e.m. forster publishes a passage to india.
1924/--/-- 115 - french physicist louis de broglie proposes the wavelength nature of particles.
1924/--/-- 115 - german novelist thomas mann publishes the magic mountain.
1924/--/-- 115 - j. edgar hoover is appointed director of the bureau of investigation (renamed the fbi).
1924/--/-- 115 - ramsay macdonald forms the first labour government in britain.
1924/--/-- 115 - schrodinger proposes wave mechanics
1924/--/-- 115 - soviet leader lenin dies; new leader joseph stalin begins a purge of his opponents.
1924/--/-- 115 - the boston bruins become the first professional ice hockey team.
1924/--/-- 115 - the military declare a republic in greece; king george ii is exiled.
1924/--/-- 115 - u.s. congress investigates suspicious dealings in the teapot dome scandal.
1924/10/-- 115 - world series nl new york (3) al washington (4)
1925/--/-- 116 - ahmed zogu proclaims albania a monarchy and rules as king zog.
1925/--/-- 116 - american writer f. scott fitzgerald publishes the great gatsby.
1925/--/-- 116 - american writer john dos passos publishes manhattan transfer.
1925/--/-- 116 - astronomer edwin hubble composes a classification scheme for galaxies.
1925/--/-- 116 - automaker walter p. chrysler founds the chrysler corporation.
1925/--/-- 116 - black american dancer josephine baker stars in la revue negre in paris.
1925/--/-- 116 - clarence birdseye begins marketing his quick-frozen food packages.
1925/--/-- 116 - friedrich ebert dies; paul von hindenburg becomes president of the german republic.
1925/--/-- 116 - john t. scopes is tried in tennessee for teaching the theory of evolution.
1925/--/-- 116 - reza shah pahlavi rules as shah of iran.
1925/--/-- 116 - russian filmmaker sergei eisenstein directs the battleship potemkin.
1925/--/-- 116 - swiss-born artist paul klee paints fish magic.
1925/--/-- 116 - the locarno pact finalizes the treaties between the world war i protagonists.
1925/--/-- 116 - the new yorker magazine is founded in new york city.
1925/--/-- 116 - the all-black revue runnin' wild introduces the charleston dance craze.
1925/10/-- 116 - world series nl pittsburgh (4) al washington (3)
1926/--/-- 117 - american artist georgia o'keeffe paints her flower portrait black iris.
1926/--/-- 117 - american golfer bobby jones wins the u.s. open and the british open tournaments.
1926/--/-- 117 - american physicist robert goddard launches the first liquid-propellant rocket.
1926/--/-- 117 - antonio oscar de fragoso carmona becomes president after a military coup in portugal.
1926/--/-- 117 - chiang kai-shek organizes the northern expedition to unite china.
1926/--/-- 117 - eamon de valera organizes the fianna fail party in the republic of ireland.
1926/--/-- 117 - english author a.a. milne writes the children's book winnie-the-pooh.
1926/--/-- 117 - french troops in morocco subdue a tribal rebellion led by abd el-krim.
1926/--/-- 117 - germany is admitted to the league of nations.
1926/--/-- 117 - hirohito becomes emperor of japan.
1926/--/-- 117 - nobile, amundsen and ellsworth pilot the airship norge over the north pole.
1926/--/-- 117 - richard e. byrd and floyd bennett make the first airplane flight over the north pole.
1926/--/-- 117 - russian composer dmitry shostakovich premiers his first symphony.
1926/--/-- 117 - the general strike breaks out in britain involving 3 million workers.
1926/--/-- 117 - the harlem globetrotters basketball team is organized in chicago.
1926/--/-- 117 - u.s. marines land in nicaragua to suppress a revolution (they depart in 1933).
1926/10/-- 117 - world series nl st. louis (4) al new york (3)
1927/--/-- 118 - american dancer isadora duncan is killed in a tragic car accident.
1927/--/-- 118 - american writer thornton wilder publishes the bridge of san luis rey.
1927/--/-- 118 - baseball player babe ruth scores a record 60 home runs for the new york yankees.
1927/--/-- 118 - blackface singer al jolson appears in the first sound motion picture the jazz singer.
1927/--/-- 118 - charles lindbergh flies solo nonstop from new york to paris in 33.5 hours.
1927/--/-- 118 - civil war in china
1927/--/-- 118 - comedy team laurel and hardy appear in their first film putting pants on philip.
1927/--/-- 118 - dancer martha graham opens her first dance studio in new york city.
1927/--/-- 118 - duke ellington's jazz band stars at harlem's cotton club in new york city.
1927/--/-- 118 - english novelist virginia woolf writes to the lighthouse.
1927/--/-- 118 - finnish architect alvar aalto designs the turun sanomat newspaper building.
1927/--/-- 118 - georges lemaitre proposes an expanding model for the creation of the universe.
1927/--/-- 118 - german filmmaker fritz lang directs the futuristic film metropolis.
1927/--/-- 118 - german-swiss author hermann hesse publishes steppenwolf.
1927/--/-- 118 - helen newington wills wins the wimbledon tennis championship.
1927/--/-- 118 - lindbergh crosses atlantic non-stop
1927/--/-- 118 - the iron guard fascist organization is founded in romania.
1927/10/-- 118 - world series nl pittsburgh (0) al new york (4)
1928/--/-- 119 - amelia earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the atlantic.
1928/--/-- 119 - american anthropologist margaret mead publishes coming of age in samoa.
1928/--/-- 119 - american comedy team amos 'n' andy produce their first radio show.
1928/--/-- 119 - american composer virgil thomson writes the opera four saints in three acts.
1928/--/-- 119 - arturo toscanini is made conductor of the new york philharmonic.
1928/--/-- 119 - ben hecht and charles macarthur's play the front page is produced.
1928/--/-- 119 - bertolt brecht and kurt weill collaborate on the play the threepenny opera.
1928/--/-- 119 - british bacteriologist alexander fleming discovers penicillin.
1928/--/-- 119 - chiang kai-shek captures peking; the kuomintang government is established.
1928/--/-- 119 - english novelist evelyn waugh publishes decline and fall.
1928/--/-- 119 - english physicist paul dirac formulates a mathematical description of elementary particles.
1928/--/-- 119 - french composer maurice ravel composes the ballet bolero.
1928/--/-- 119 - heisenberg's uncertainty principle
1928/--/-- 119 - luis bunuel and salvador dali collaborate on the surrealist film un chien andalou.
1928/--/-- 119 - spanish poet federico garcia lorca publishes gypsy ballads.
1928/--/-- 119 - the chaco war breaks out between bolivia and paraguay over territorial disputes.
1928/--/-- 119 - the kellog-briand pact outlawing war is signed by 15 nations.
1928/--/-- 119 - the first five-year plan for economic reform begins in the soviet union.
1928/--/-- 119 - walt disney's mickey mouse appears in steamboat willie, the first sound cartoon.
1928/10/-- 119 - world series nl st. louis (0) al new york (4)
1929/--/-- 120 - alexander institutes absolute rule as king of yugoslavia.
1929/--/-- 120 - american explorer richard e. byrd flies over the south pole.
1929/--/-- 120 - american novelist william faulkner publishes the sound and the fury.
1929/--/-- 120 - british poet robert graves publishes his war memoir goodbye to all that.
1929/--/-- 120 - erich maria remarque publishes his war novel all quiet on the western front.
1929/--/-- 120 - ernest hemingway writes the war novel a farewell to arms.
1929/--/-- 120 - french artist and writer jean cocteau publishes les enfants terribles.
1929/--/-- 120 - heinrich himmler is appointed head of the ss, hitler's blackshirted elite guard.
1929/--/-- 120 - herbert c. hoover (republican) becomes president of the united states
1929/--/-- 120 - hoover is inaugurated as the 31st u.s. president; curtis becomes vice-president.
1929/--/-- 120 - jews and arabs clash at the wailing wall in jerusalem.
1929/--/-- 120 - seven chicago gangsters are machine-gunned in the st. valentine's day massacre.
1929/--/-- 120 - soviet leader joseph stalin exiles leon trotsky.
1929/--/-- 120 - stock market crashes
1929/--/-- 120 - the lateran treaty creates the independent state of the vatican city.
1929/--/-- 120 - the museum of modern art (moma) is founded in new york city.
1929/--/-- 120 - the wall street crash leads to a world-wide economic depression.
1929/--/-- 120 - the workers party of america is renamed the communist party of the united states.
1929/--/-- 120 - the first academy awards are presented; wings wins best-picture prize.
1929/10/-- 120 - world series nl chicago (1) al philadelphia (4)


in 1809 transportation was by:
          foot
          horse
          sailing ship
          bicycle
          steamboat
by 1929 transportation was by:
          train
          balloon
          car & bus
          diesel ship
          propeller airplane
in addition.
by 1929 transportation by:
          sailing ship
had been discontinued.

in 1809 communications was by:
          word of mouth
          post office
by 1929 communications was by:
          telegraph
          telephone
in addition.

in 1809 food preparation was by:
          wood
by 1929 food preparation was by:
          gas
in addition.

in 1809 entertainment was by:
          social intercourse
          organized sports
          travel
          professional sports
          movies
          radio
          television
          theme parks
          computer

in 1809 health care was by:
          operations
          anesthetic
          x-rays
          mri

in 1809 war making was by:
          calvary
          gun
          artillery
          submarine
by 1929 war making was by:
          machine guns
          tank
          iron clad ships
          tnt
          mines
          chemical agents
          aeroplane
in addition.
by 1929 war making by:
          calvary
had been discontinued.

in 1809 navigation was by:
          stars & maps
          compass
by 1929 navigation was by:
          radio signals
in addition.

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