...date... age event
1662/--/-- 0 *** bayless, rebecca - born to bayless, john and stillwell, rebecca long island, ny
1662/--/-- 0 - charles ii grants a charter to the royal society of london for natural knowledge.
1662/--/-- 0 - france purchases dunkerque from england.
1662/--/-- 0 - french architect andre le notre designs the gardens for the palace of versailles.
1662/--/-- 0 - robert boyle develops his theory of gases (now known as boyle's law).
1662/--/-- 0 - the portuguese surrender tangier to england.
1662/--/-- 0 - the theatre royal is built in drury lane, london.
1663/--/-- 1 - dutch genre artist jan steen paints the woman undressing.
1663/--/-- 1 - the ottoman turks invade hungary.
1663/--/-- 1 - the first turnpike (toll) roads are established in england.
1664/--/-- 2 - england seizes new amsterdam from the dutch, renaming it new york.
1664/--/-- 2 - the austrians defeat the turks at saint gotthard and conclude a 20-year truce.
1664/--/-- 2 - the french east india company is founded.
1664/--/-- 2 - the trappists order of monks is founded at la trappe in france.
1665/--/-- 3 *** bayless, john [brother] & rusco, ruth - married
1665/--/-- 3 - an outbreak of the great plague begins in london.
1665/--/-- 3 - charles ii succeeds philip iv as king of spain.
1665/--/-- 3 - dutch genre artist gerard ter borch paints the flea hunt.
1665/--/-- 3 - england and portugal defeat spain and establish portuguese independence.
1665/--/-- 3 - jean baptiste colbert becomes minister of finance for louis xiv.
1665/--/-- 3 - robert hooke publishes his microscope observations in micrographia.
1665/--/-- 3 - the portuguese invade the kingdom of kongo and kill the monarch antonio i.
1665/--/-- 3 - the second anglo-dutch war begins.
1665/--/-- 3 - the first horse race track in north america is constructed on long island.
1666/--/-- 4 - british scientist isaac newton completes his theory of fluxional calculus.
1666/--/-- 4 - large sections of london are destroyed in the great fire.
1666/--/-- 4 - moliere's play the misanthrope is performed for the first time.
1666/--/-- 4 - puritans from connecticut settle in new jersey.
1666/--/-- 4 - sabbatai zevi claims to be the messiah and founds a jewish sect.
1666/--/-- 4 - the alawite dynasty assumes power in morocco.
1666/--/-- 4 - the french join the dutch in the war with england.
1667/--/-- 5 - english poet john milton writes paradise lost.
1667/--/-- 5 - japanese poet basho begins to compose his haiku poetry.
1667/--/-- 5 - louis xiv begins the war of devolution and captures the spanish netherlands.
1667/--/-- 5 - louis xiv sponsors the first official salon art exhibition at the louvre.
1667/--/-- 5 - mexico city cathedral is completed.
1667/--/-- 5 - suleiman succeeds abbas ii as shah of persia (iran).
1667/--/-- 5 - the dutch acquire suriname from the british in exchange for manhattan.
1667/--/-- 5 - the dutch destroy the english fleet at anchor in the medway.
1667/--/-- 5 - the peace of breda ends the war between the english, french and dutch.
1667/--/-- 5 - the building of the paris observatory is begun.
1668/--/-- 6 - a triple alliance of england, sweden, and the dutch republic is formed against france.
1668/--/-- 6 - by the treaty of aix-la-chapelle france gives up its conquests but keeps flanders.
1668/--/-- 6 - by the treaty of lisbon spain recognizes the independence of portugal.
1668/--/-- 6 - french fabulist jean de la fontaine begins publishing his fables.
1668/--/-- 6 - jacques marquette founds the first settlement in michigan at sault saint marie.
1668/--/-- 6 - king john ii of poland abdicates; he is succeeded by michael wisniowiecki.
1669/--/-- 7 - french courtesan madame de sevigne begins writing her letters.
1669/--/-- 7 - german alchemist hennig brandt makes phosphorus for the first time.
1669/--/-- 7 - louis le vau begins the expansion of the palace of versailles for louis xiv.
1669/--/-- 7 - mount etna erupts in italy, killing 20,000.
1669/--/-- 7 - venice surrenders crete to the ottoman turks.
1670/--/-- 8 - english architect sir christopher wren begins rebuilding saint paul's cathedral.
1670/--/-- 8 - the don cossacks under stenka razin rebel against russian rule.
1670/--/-- 8 - the english establish a settlement at charles towne (charleston), south carolina.
1670/--/-- 8 - the hudson's bay company is founded.
1671/--/-- 9 - buccaneers under sir henry morgan capture the city of panama.
1672/--/-- 10 - astronomer giovanni cassini becomes the first director of the paris observatory.
1672/--/-- 10 - grenades become an important weapon; the french army forms grenadier companies.
1672/--/-- 10 - jean baptiste lully produces the first french operas.
1672/--/-- 10 - sebastien le prestre de vauban founds the french army engineering corps.
1672/--/-- 10 - the french and british declare war on the dutch.
1672/--/-- 10 - william iii prince of orange leads the defense of the netherlands.
1673/--/-- 11 - leibniz begins to develop his theories of differential and integral calculus.
1673/--/-- 11 - marquette and jolliet explore the great lakes region and the mississippi river.
1673/--/-- 11 - the polish army under john sobieski defeats the turks at cochim (khotin).
1673/--/-- 11 - the test act excludes catholics from public office in england.
1673/--/-- 11 - the first mail service in north america is established between new york and boston.
1674/--/-- 12 - early american artist the freake limner paints portraits of the freake family.
1674/--/-- 12 - holy roman emperor leopold i declares war on france.
1674/--/-- 12 - john sobieski is elected as king john iii of poland.
1674/--/-- 12 - maratha leader sivaji establishes a kingdom in maharashtra, india.
1674/--/-- 12 - the dutch under william iii make peace with england.
1674/--/-- 12 - the treaty of westminster establishes new yorkers as british subjects.
1675/--/-- 13 - conflict begins between the indians under king philip and new england settlers .
1675/--/-- 13 - dutch-jewish philosopher baruch spinoza finishes his ethics.
1675/--/-- 13 - english dramatist william wycherley writes the country wife.
1675/--/-- 13 - king philip's war (indian) mass, ri
1675/--/-- 13 - the prussians under frederick william defeat the swedes at fehrbellin.
1675/--/-- 13 - the royal observatory is established at greenwich.
1676/--/-- 14 - bacon's rebellion, va
1676/--/-- 14 - english playwright sir george etherege writes man of mode.
1676/--/-- 14 - german astronomer ole romer discovers the velocity of light.
1676/--/-- 14 - indians in new england are subdued after the year-long king philip's war.
1676/--/-- 14 - the sikhs under guru gobind singh revolt against mogul rule in india.
1676/--/-- 14 - the swedes defeat the danes at the battle of lunden.
1677/--/-- 15 - charles ii appoints henry purcell as court composer.
1677/--/-- 15 - english author john dryden writes the tragedy all for love.
1677/--/-- 15 - french dramatist jean racine writes the tragedy of phedre.
1677/--/-- 15 - william iii prince of orange marries mary, daughter of the duke of york.
1678/--/-- 16 - charles le brun designs the hall of mirrors for the palace of versailles.
1678/--/-- 16 - comtesse de la fayette writes the novel la princesse de cleves.
1678/--/-- 16 - french explorer louis hennepin discovers niagara falls.
1678/--/-- 16 - john bunyan publishes the first part of the pilgrim's progress.
1678/--/-- 16 - the hungarians rebel against habsburg rule.
1678/--/-- 16 - the treaty of nijmegen establishes peace between france, the dutch and spain.
1679/--/-- 17 - the english parliament passes the habeas corpus act.
1680/--/-- 18 - antonio stradivari opens his violin workshop in cremona, italy.
1680/--/-- 18 - sadler's wells theater opens in london.
1680/--/-- 18 - the comedie francaise is founded in paris.
1681/--/-- 19 - aurangzeb suppresses a rajput revolt and campaigns against hindu kingdoms in india.
1681/--/-- 19 - english quaker william penn is granted the providence of pennsylvania.
1681/--/-- 19 - john dryden publishes his satirical poem absalom and achitophel.
1681/--/-- 19 - the dodo, a large flightless bird, becomes extinct.
1682/--/-- 20 *** stillwell, rebecca [mother] - died
1682/--/-- 20 - edmund halley observes the great comet, which is later named for him.
1682/--/-- 20 - french explorer la salle navigates the mississippi river to the gulf of mexico.
1682/--/-- 20 - peter the great succeeds fyodor iii as tsar of russia.
1682/--/-- 20 - the palace of versailles becomes the french royal residence.
1682/--/-- 20 - the spanish establish the first settlement in texas at yselta (near el paso).
1682/--/-- 20 - william penn founds the city of philadelphia.
1682/12/13 20 *** bayless, john [father] - died rose row, long island, nassau co, ny rose row, long island, nassau co, ny also jamaica, long island, ny
1683/--/-- 21 *** bayless, daniel [nephew] - born to bayless, john and rusco, ruth
1683/--/-- 21 - chinese emperor k'ang-hsi conquers formosa (taiwan).
1683/--/-- 21 - louis xiv secretly marries madame de maintenon .
1683/--/-- 21 - the turks lay siege to vienna but are defeated by imperial and polish forces.
1683/--/-- 21 - van leeuwenhoek's microscope drawings of protozoa are published.
1683/--/-- 21 - william penn makes a peace treaty with the delaware indians.
1684/--/-- 22 - england abandons tangier to the moroccans.
1684/--/-- 22 - la salle claims louisiana, a region from quebec to the gulf of mexico, for france.
1684/--/-- 22 - the dutch whaling fleet at spitsbergen (svalbard) numbers 246 vessels.
1685/--/-- 23 - charles ii of england dies; he is succeeded by his brother james ii.
1685/--/-- 23 - increase mather becomes president of harvard college.
1685/--/-- 23 - japanese bunraku (puppet theater) is performed in osaka about this time.
1685/--/-- 23 - louis xiv revokes the edict of nantes and exiles thousands of french huguenots.
1685/--/-- 23 - rice cultivation begins in north america.
1685/--/-- 23 - the duke of monmouth rebels against james ii; he is captured and executed.
1685/--/-- 23 - the huguenots begin a silk industry in london and settle in the american colonies.
1685/04/03 23 - james ii crowned king of england and scotland at westminster abbey by william sa
1686/--/-- 24 - henri de tonty establishes the first european settlement in arkansas.
1686/--/-- 24 - the league of augsburg is formed as a coalition of european states against france.
1686/--/-- 24 - the turks are expelled from budapest by a habsburg army.
1687/--/-- 25 - english actress and royal mistress nell gwynne dies.
1687/--/-- 25 - isaac newton publishes principia, establishing his laws of motion and gravity.
1687/--/-- 25 - james ii issues a declaration of indulgence suspending the laws against catholics.
1687/--/-- 25 - the city of lima, peru, is virtually destroyed by an earthquake.
1688/--/-- 26 - english protestants demand a glorious revolution against catholicism.
1688/--/-- 26 - insurance underwriters begin meeting at lloyd's coffee house in london.
1688/--/-- 26 - louis xiv declares war on the holy roman empire and captures heidelberg.
1688/--/-- 26 - william of orange is invited to england as king; james ii escapes to france.
1689/--/-- 27 - british composer henry purcell writes the opera dido and aeneas.
1689/--/-- 27 - chinese emperor k'ang-hsi establishes diplomatic relations with russia.
1689/--/-- 27 - england and the netherlands join the grand alliance against france.
1689/--/-- 27 - french and indian allies attack english colonists during king william's war.
1689/--/-- 27 - william and mary are proclaimed king and queen of england.
1689/01/08 27 - james ii declared to have abdicated by parliament.
1689/02/03 27 - william iii and mary ii proclaimed king and queen of england, scotland, and irel
1689/04/01 27 - william iii and mary ii crowned king and queen of england, scotland, and ireland
1690/--/-- 28 - benjamin harris publishes the first american newspaper in boston.
1690/--/-- 28 - carlos de siguenza y gongora publishes the misadventures of alfonso ramirez.
1690/--/-- 28 - jose churriguera becomes court architect to philip v of spain.
1690/--/-- 28 - philosopher john locke publishes his essay concerning human understanding.
1690/--/-- 28 - spain joins the war of grand alliance against france.
1690/--/-- 28 - the french defeat the english fleet at the battle of beachy head.
1690/--/-- 28 - william iii defeats james ii at the battle of the boyne in ireland.
1691/--/-- 29 - juana ines de la cruz writes a defense of women's rights reply to sister philotea.
1691/--/-- 29 - the irish rebellion ends with the treaty of limerick.
1692/--/-- 30 - port royal in jamaica is destroyed by an earthquake; the city of kingston is founded.
1692/--/-- 30 - salem witchcraft trials, mass
1692/--/-- 30 - the macdonald clan are massacred by the campbells at glencoe in scotland.
1692/--/-- 30 - the first english patent for a wallpaper design is issued.
1692/--/-- 30 - witchcraft trials are held at salem in new england.
1693/--/-- 31 - james blair founds william and mary college in williamsburg, virginia.
1693/--/-- 31 - john ray publishes the first major classification of animals.
1694/--/-- 32 - the academie francaise introduces the first french national dictionary.
1694/--/-- 32 - the bank of england is founded.
1694/12/28 32 - william iii rules as sole king.
1696/--/-- 34 - russia annexes the kamchatka peninsula.
1696/--/-- 34 - russian tsar peter the great captures azov from the turks.
1696/--/-- 34 - the chinese under k'ang-hsi defeat the dzungar mongol chieftain galdan.
1696/--/-- 34 - william iii campaigns in holland against the french.
1697/--/-- 35 - augustus ii elector of saxony becomes king of poland.
1697/--/-- 35 - french poet charles perrault publishes the tales from mother goose.
1697/--/-- 35 - russian tsar peter the great sets out to study the european way of life.
1697/--/-- 35 - sir john vanbrugh's play the relapse is produced in london.
1697/--/-- 35 - the habsburg army under eugene of savoy defeats the turks at zenta.
1697/--/-- 35 - the treaty of ryswick ends the war of the grand alliance.
1698/--/-- 36 - calcutta is founded by the british east india company.
1698/--/-- 36 - russian tsar peter the great imposes a tax on beards.
1698/--/-- 36 - thomas savery invents a water pump -- the first practical application of steam power.
1699/--/-- 37 - austria, russia, poland and venice sign the peace of karlowitz treaty with turkey.
1699/--/-- 37 - francis moore's vox stellarum, known as old moore's almanac, is published.
1699/--/-- 37 - japanese master ceramicist ogata kenzan opens his kiln at narutaki.
1699/--/-- 37 - peter the great changes the russian new year from september 1 to january 1.
1699/--/-- 37 - william dampier explores the northwest coast of australia.
1700/--/-- 38 - charles ii of spain dies, ending the spanish habsburg line.
1700/--/-- 38 - johann denner invents the clarinet about this time.
1700/--/-- 38 - kabuki theater develops in japan about this time.
1700/--/-- 38 - peter the great's russian army is defeated by the swedes at the battle of narva.
1700/--/-- 38 - philip v, grandson of louis xiv, becomes the first bourbon king of spain.
1700/--/-- 38 - the great northern war begins; denmark, poland and russia attack sweden.
1700/--/-- 38 - the swedes under charles xii defeat the danes.
1700/--/-- 38 - the rococo style is introduced into french architecture about this time.
1700/--/-- 38 - william congreve's comedy the way of the world is produced in london.
1701/--/-- 39 - captain kidd is hanged for piracy.
1701/--/-- 39 - frederick i elector of saxony proclaims himself the first king of prussia.
1701/--/-- 39 - french artist hyacinthe rigaud paints a portrait of louis xiv.
1701/--/-- 39 - the act of settlement in britain establishes the hanoverian succession to the throne.
1701/--/-- 39 - the war of the spanish succession begins.
1701/--/-- 39 - yale university is founded in new haven, connecticut.
1702/--/-- 40 - anne succeeds william iii as queen of england.
1702/--/-- 40 - england declares war on france and spain.
1702/--/-- 40 - french fur traders found vincennes, the first permanent european settlement in indiana.
1702/--/-- 40 - queen anne's war begins in america; the british attack saint augustine in florida.
1702/--/-- 40 - the camisards (french huguenots) rebel in southern france.
1702/--/-- 40 - the french under the duc de villars defeat the grand alliance at friedlingen.
1702/--/-- 40 - the first daily newspaper the daily courant is published in london.
1702/--/-- 40 - the royal colony of new jersey is founded in america.
1702/04/03 40 - anne crowned queen of england, scotland, and ireland at westminster abbey by tho
1703/--/-- 41 - archduke charles of austria claims the spanish throne for the habsburgs.
1703/--/-- 41 - buckingham palace is rebuilt for the duke of buckingham in london.
1703/--/-- 41 - peter the great lays the foundations of st. petersburg (leningrad).
1704/--/-- 42 - augustus ii is deposed; stanislaw i is crowned king of poland.
1704/--/-- 42 - issac newton publishes his theory of color and light in opticks.
1704/--/-- 42 - john campbell founds the boston news-letter, the first successful american newspaper.
1704/--/-- 42 - the duke of marlborough and eugene of savoy defeat the french at blenheim.
1704/--/-- 42 - the english capture gibraltar from spain.
1704/--/-- 42 - the indians and the french massacre british settlers in deerfield, mass.
1705/--/-- 43 - edmund halley predicts that the comet of 1682 will return in 1758.
1705/--/-- 43 - nicolas hawksmoor designs blenheim palace for the duke of marlborough.
1705/--/-- 43 - the english navy occupies barcelona.
1706/--/-- 44 - eugene of savoy defeats the french at turin and drives them from italy.
1706/--/-- 44 - george farquhar's comedy the recruiting officer is produced.
1706/--/-- 44 - the duke of marlborough conquers the spanish netherlands.
1707/--/-- 45 - emperor aurangzeb dies; the mogul empire begins to decline in india.
1707/--/-- 45 - great britain is formed by the act of union between england and scotland.
1707/--/-- 45 - john v succeeds peter ii as king of portugal.
1707/--/-- 45 - mount fuji erupts in japan; an earthquake kills 200,000 in tokyo.
1707/--/-- 45 - the british attack the french colony of acadia (nova scotia).
1707/--/-- 45 - the duke of berwick routs the allied forces at almanza in spain.
1707/03/-- 45 - act of union combines england and scotland as kingdom of great britain.
1708/--/-- 46 - french forces under vendome are defeated by marlborough at oudenarde.
1708/--/-- 46 - sikh leader guru gobind singh is assassinated; the moguls persecute the sikhs.
1708/--/-- 46 - the british capture the island of minorca from spain.
1709/--/-- 47 - abraham darby builds a blast furnace using coke for casting iron.
1709/--/-- 47 - charles xii of sweden flees to the ottoman empire.
1709/--/-- 47 - italian musician bartolommeo cristofori invents the piano.
1709/--/-- 47 - peter the great defeats the swedes at the battle of poltava.
1709/--/-- 47 - steele and addison's periodical the tatler is published in london.
1709/--/-- 47 - the duke of marlborough defeats the french at the battle of malplaquet.
1709/--/-- 47 - the first copyright act becomes law in britain.
1710/--/-- 48 - augustus ii regains the polish throne.
1710/--/-- 48 - charles xii persuades the turks to attack russia.
1710/--/-- 48 - french forces under vendome defeat the allies at villaviciosa in spain.
1710/--/-- 48 - george berkeley publishes a treatise concerning the principles of human knowledge.
1710/--/-- 48 - the british seize acadia (nova scotia) from the french.
1710/--/-- 48 - the meissen porcelain factory is founded near dresden in germany.
1711/--/-- 49 - joseph i dies; charles vi is crowned holy roman emperor.
1711/--/-- 49 - publication of the tatler ceases; steele and addison introduce the spectator.
1711/--/-- 49 - the french found the first permanent settlement in alabama at mobile.
1711/--/-- 49 - the tuscarora war begins in north carolina when indians massacre 130 colonists.
1711/--/-- 49 - the building of the baroque zwinger complex begins in dresden, germany.
1712/--/-- 50 - carolina is divided into north and south colonies.
1712/--/-- 50 - english poet alexander pope publishes the rape of the lock.
1712/--/-- 50 - the new england whaling industry expands rapidly with the hunting of sperm whales.
1713/--/-- 51 - emperor charles vi issues the pragmatic sanction, allowing for a female heir.
1713/--/-- 51 - france cedes acadia (nova scotia) and newfoundland to britain.
1713/--/-- 51 - frederick william i succeeds frederick i as king of prussia.
1713/--/-- 51 - sicily is ceded to the house of savoy; victor amadeus ii is crowned as king.
1713/--/-- 51 - spain cedes gibraltar and minorca to britain.
1713/--/-- 51 - the asiento treaty establishes british rights to the african slave trade.
1713/--/-- 51 - the peace of utrecht ends the war of spanish succession.
1714/--/-- 52 - german composer george frideric handel makes london his permanent home.
1714/--/-- 52 - grinling gibbons is appointed as master carver in wood to george i.
1714/--/-- 52 - queen anne of england dies; she is succeeded by george i, elector of hanover.
1714/10/20 52 - george i crowned king of great britain at westminster abbey by thomas tenison, a
1715/--/-- 53 - a jacobite uprising supports james edward as the old pretender to the british throne.
1715/--/-- 53 - french king louis xiv dies; he is succeeded by his five-year-old great-grandson louis xv.
1715/--/-- 53 - french author alain rene lesage publishes the adventures of gil blas.
1715/--/-- 53 - japan's leading playwright chikamatsu monzaemon writes the battles of coxinga.
1715/--/-- 53 - japan's leading playwright chikamatsu monzaemon writes the battles of coxinga.
1715/--/-- 53 - phillipe ii duc d'orleans becomes regent of france.
1715/--/-- 53 - the yamasee indians rebel against british settlers in south carolina.
1716/--/-- 54 *** bayless, daniel [great nephew] - born to bayless, daniel and ludlum, sarah
1716/--/-- 54 - emperor charles vi declares war on the ottoman empire.
1717/--/-- 55 - eugene of savoy captures belgrade from the turks.
1717/--/-- 55 - french artist antoine watteau paints the pilgrimage to cythera.
1717/--/-- 55 - john law forms the mississippi company in france.
1717/--/-- 55 - spain seizes sardinia and sicily.
1717/--/-- 55 - spain seizes sardinia and sicily.
1717/--/-- 55 - the first freemason lodge is formed in london.
1718/--/-- 56 - charles xii of sweden is killed during a campaign against norway.
1718/--/-- 56 - spain establishes the viceroyalty of new granada in south america.
1718/--/-- 56 - sultan ahmed iii concludes the treaty of passarowitz with the holy roman empire.
1718/--/-- 56 - the english pirate blackbeard is killed by the virginia militia.
1718/--/-- 56 - the french found new orleans in louisiana.
1718/--/-- 56 - the quadruple alliance of austria, britain, france and the dutch declare war on spain.
1718/--/-- 56 - voltaire writes the tragedy of oedipe while imprisoned in the bastille.
1719/--/-- 57 *** bayless, john [brother] - died
1719/--/-- 57 - english writer daniel defoe publishes robinson crusoe.
1719/--/-- 57 - james figg becomes the first heavyweight boxing champion of england.
1719/--/-- 57 - liechtenstein becomes an independent principality of the holy roman empire.
1719/--/-- 57 - teams from london and kent play one of the first cricket matches.
1720/--/-- 58 - the mississippi scheme speculation craze collapses in france.
1720/--/-- 58 - the quadruple alliance defeats spain; spain renounces all claims to sicily and sardinia.
1720/--/-- 58 - the south sea bubble speculation craze collapses in england.
1720/--/-- 58 - tibet becomes a protectorate of china.
1720/--/-- 58 - victor amadeus ii surrenders sicily to austria in exchange for sardinia.
1721/--/-- 59 - german composer johann sebastian bach writes the brandenburg concertos.
1721/--/-- 59 - italian composer alessandro scarlatti writes his opera griselda.
1721/--/-- 59 - prime minister robert walpole restores public confidence in britain's finances.
1721/--/-- 59 - the french settle on the island of mauritius.
1721/--/-- 59 - the great northern war ends; sweden loses most of her overseas possessions.
1722/--/-- 60 - dutch explorer jacob roggeveen discovers samoa and easter island.
1722/--/-- 60 - english author daniel defoe publishes moll flanders.
1722/--/-- 60 - the afghans invade persia (iran) and overthrow the safavid rulers.
1724/--/-- 62 - the british build fort dummer, the first permanent european settlement in vermont.
1724/--/-- 62 - the quakers make a statement opposing slavery.
1725/--/-- 63 - danish explorer vitus bering begins his voyage in search of a northeast passage.
1725/--/-- 63 - francisco romero establishes the current style of spanish bullfighting.
1725/--/-- 63 - peter the great dies; his wife catherine i succeeds him as empress of russia.
1726/--/-- 64 - alexander pope completes his translation of homer's odyssey.
1726/--/-- 64 - cardinal andre fleury becomes chief advisor to louis xv.
1726/--/-- 64 - english satirist jonathan swift publishes gulliver's travels.
1726/--/-- 64 - the spanish found montevideo in uruguay.
1727/--/-- 65 - catherine i dies; peter ii succeeds her as emperor of russia.
1727/--/-- 65 - george ii succeeds his father george i as king of great britain and ireland.
1727/--/-- 65 - the spanish lay siege to gibraltar.
1727/10/11 65 - george ii crowned king of great britain at westminster abbey by william wake, ar
1728/--/-- 66 - chambers's cyclopedia; or an universal dictionary of arts and sciences is issued.
1728/--/-- 66 - danish navigator vitus bering explores bering strait.
1728/--/-- 66 - english poet and playwright john gay writes the beggar's opera.
1728/--/-- 66 - james gibbs' book of architecture influences colonial american designs.
1728/--/-- 66 - john harrison begins his development of an accurate chronometer.
1729/--/-- 67 - corsica rebels against genoese rule.
1729/--/-- 67 - denmark assumes control of greenland.
1729/--/-- 67 - english actress kitty clive establishes her reputation at the drury lane theatre.
1729/--/-- 67 - the city of baltimore is founded in maryland.
1729/--/-- 67 - the city of karachi is founded in india (now in pakistan).
1730/--/-- 68 - canaletto paints the basin of san marco, one of his many views of venice.
1730/--/-- 68 - construction of the province-hall (now independence hall) begins in philadelphia.
1730/--/-- 68 - peter ii dies; he is succeeded by anna as empress of russia.
1731/--/-- 69 - french novelist abbe prevost writes manon lescaut.
1731/--/-- 69 - john hadley invents the quadrant for navigating at sea.
1731/--/-- 69 - the gentleman's magazine, the first magazine, is published in london.
1732/--/-- 70 - benjamin franklin publishes poor richard's almanack in philadelphia.
1732/--/-- 70 - covent garden opera house opens in london.
1732/--/-- 70 - nadir shah expels the afghans from persia (iran) and reinstates safavid rule.
1732/--/-- 70 - nicola salvi designs the trevi fountain in rome.
1732/--/-- 70 - william hogarth completes his series of engravings the harlot's progress.
1733/--/-- 71 - james oglethorpe founds the colony of georgia and the city of savannah.
1733/--/-- 71 - john kay invents the flying shuttle to increase the speed of weaving machines.
1733/--/-- 71 - nadir shah defeats the turks and occupies bagdhad.
1733/--/-- 71 - stanislaw i is elected king of poland with the support of louis xv of france.
1733/--/-- 71 - the war of polish succession begins.
1734/--/-- 72 - stanislaw i is deposed; augustus iii is installed as king of poland.
1735/--/-- 73 - antonio de ulloa discovers the element platinum in south america.
1735/--/-- 73 - george hadley proposes the hadley cell, a circulation system for the atmosphere.
1736/--/-- 74 - ch'ien-lung becomes emperor of china.
1736/--/-- 74 - french artist maurice quentin de la tour paints his portrait of voltaire.
1736/--/-- 74 - nadir assumes the title of shah of persia and founds the afshar dynasty.
1736/--/-- 74 - parliament passes the gin act to discourage public drunkenness in england.
1736/--/-- 74 - swiss mathematician leonhard euler begins writing his mechanica.
1737/--/-- 75 - william mayo founds the city of richmond, virginia.
1738/--/-- 76 - a porcelain factory is established in france at vincennes; it moves later to sevres.
1738/--/-- 76 - bernoulli publishes hydrodynamica, stating his law of hydrodynamics.
1738/--/-- 76 - george whitefield precipitates the great awakening religious revival in america.
1738/--/-- 76 - the treaty of vienna concludes the war of the polish succession; stanislaw i abdicates.
1738/--/-- 76 - the excavation of herculaneum begins in italy.
1739/--/-- 77 - john wesley founds the methodist religious movement.
1739/--/-- 77 - mutilation of an english sea captain by the spanish leads to the war of jenkins' ear.
1739/--/-- 77 - the british under admiral vernon raid spanish settlements in the west indies.
1739/--/-- 77 - the persians under nadir shah defeat the mogul army and destroy delhi.
1740/--/-- 78 - anna empress of russia dies; she is succeeded by elizabeth in 1741.
1740/--/-- 78 - charles vi's daughter maria theresa succeeds to the austrian habsburg empire.
1740/--/-- 78 - english novelist samuel richardson writes pamela; or virtue rewarded.
1740/--/-- 78 - frederick ii (frederick the great) assumes the prussian throne.
1740/--/-- 78 - frederick ii of prussia invades the habsburg province of silesia.
1740/--/-- 78 - holy roman emperor charles vi dies; the war of the austrian succession begins.
1740/--/-- 78 - scottish philosopher david hume writes his treatise of human nature.
1740/--/-- 78 - the british under james oglethorpe attack spanish possessions in florida.
1741/--/-- 79 - george frideric handel composes the messiah.
1741/--/-- 79 - prussia forms an anti-habsburg coalition with bavaria, spain and france.
1742/--/-- 80 - a spanish invasion of georgia is defeated by british forces under james oglethorpe.
1742/--/-- 80 - maria theresa makes peace with frederick ii; silesia is ceded to prussia.
1742/--/-- 80 - swedish astronomer anders celsius invents the celsius scale for temperature.
1742/--/-- 80 - the anti-habsburg coalition elects charles vii as holy roman emperor.
1742/--/-- 80 - the cast iron franklin stove is invented by benjamin franklin.
1743/--/-- 81 - an english porcelain factory is established at chelsea in london.
1743/--/-- 81 - the first permanent bullring is built in madrid.
1744/--/-- 82 - king george's war begins in north america between britain and france.
1744/--/-- 82 - muhammad ibn abd al-wahhab founds the wahhabi muslim sect about this time.
1745/--/-- 83 - charles edward stuart (bonnie prince charlie) leads a second jacobite rebellion.
1745/--/-- 83 - giovanni piranesi begins his etchings of carceri d'invenzione (imaginary prisons).
1745/--/-- 83 - louis xv installs the marquise de pompadour as his official mistress.
1745/--/-- 83 - maria theresa's husband francis succeeds charles vii as holy roman emperor.
1745/--/-- 83 - the british under pepperrell capture the french fortress of louisburg in canada.
1745/--/-- 83 - the french under the comte de saxe defeat austrian, english and dutch forces at fontenoy.
1745/--/-- 83 - the treaty of dresden confirms prussian control of silesia.
1746/--/-- 84 - britain and france struggle for the domination of india; france seizes madras.
1746/--/-- 84 - charles edward stuart (bonnie prince charlie) is defeated at culloden.
1746/--/-- 84 - english actor david garrick becomes the manager of the drury lane theatre.
1746/--/-- 84 - ferdinand vi succeeds philip v as king of spain.
1746/--/-- 84 - princeton university is founded in new jersey.
1747/--/-- 85 - nadir shah of persia (iran) is assassinated.
1747/--/-- 85 - the ohio company is formed to promote settlement west of the appalachians.
1747/--/-- 85 - the pathans defeat the persians; ahmad shah sadozai founds a new dynasty.
1748/--/-- 86 - english artist thomas gainsborough paints robert andrews and mary, his wife.
1748/--/-- 86 - french political philosopher montesquieu writes the spirit of the laws.
1748/--/-- 86 - the treaty of aix-la-chapelle ends the war of the austrian succession.
1749/--/-- 87 - english novelist henry fielding writes tom jones.
1749/--/-- 87 - italian dramatist carlo goldoni writes la putta honorata (the respectable girl).
1749/--/-- 87 - the british found halifax in nova scotia as a military base.
1750/--/-- 88 - american frontiersman christopher gist explores the ohio river region.
1750/--/-- 88 - baal shem tov founds the jewish sect of hasidism about this time.
1750/--/-- 88 - poona becomes the capital of the maratha confederacy in india.
1750/--/-- 88 - the afshars are replaced by the zand dynasty in persia (iran); shiraz becomes the capital.
1750/--/-- 88 - the conestoga wagon develops in pennsylvania about this time.
1750/--/-- 88 - the neoclassical movement in art develops in europe about this time.
1750/--/-- 88 - the waltz becomes a popular dance in europe about this time.
1751/--/-- 89 - english novelist tobias smollett writes the expedition of humphrey clinker.
1751/--/-- 89 - english soldier robert clive captures arcot in india.
1751/--/-- 89 - jean etienne guettard produces the first geological maps of france.
1751/--/-- 89 - the worcester royal porcelain company is founded in england.
1751/--/-- 89 - the first volume of diderot's encyclopedie is published.
1752/--/-- 90 *** bayless, daniel [nephew] - died hunterdon (?) co, ny hunterdon (?) co, ny
1752/--/-- 90 - benjamin franklin invents the lightning conductor.
1752/--/-- 90 - french artist francois boucher paints mademoiselle o'murphy.
1752/--/-- 90 - italian artist tiepolo paints the marriage of frederick barbarossa.
1753/--/-- 91 - swedish biologist carolus linnaeus publishes his system of plant classification.
1753/--/-- 91 - the british museum is founded in london.
1754/--/-- 92 - french attacks against the english in ohio lead to the last french and indian war.
1754/--/-- 92 - italian architect rastrelli designs the winter palace in saint petersburg (leningrad).
1754/--/-- 92 - the royal and ancient golf club is founded at saint andrews in scotland.
1754/--/-- 92 - thomas chippendale publishes the gentleman and cabinet maker's directory.
1755/--/-- 93 - adventurer and lover casanova is arrested in venice for witchcraft.
1755/--/-- 93 - pasquale paoli founds an independent state in corsica.
1755/--/-- 93 - samuel johnson publishes his dictionary of the english language.
1755/--/-- 93 - the british under braddock are defeated by the french at fort duquesne.
1755/--/-- 93 - the french population of acadia (nova scotia) is deported by the british.
1755/--/-- 93 - the lisbon earthquake kills 50,000.
1756/--/-- 94 - 123 british soldiers are alleged to have died in the black hole of calcutta in bengal, india.
1756/--/-- 94 - french general montcalm captures fort oswego and dominates the great lakes.
1756/--/-- 94 - the seven years' war begins with a prussian attack on austria.
1756/--/-- 94 - william pitt (the elder) becomes prime minister of britain.
1757/--/-- 95 - frederick ii of prussia defeats the franco-austrian army at rossbach.
1757/--/-- 95 - robert clive defeats the nawab of bengal at the battle of plassey in india.
1758/--/-- 96 - americans and british regulars under general forbes capture fort duquesne.
1758/--/-- 96 - the burmese overthrow the mons; rangoon becomes the new capital of burma.
1758/--/-- 96 - the french under montcalm defeat the british at fort ticonderoga.
1759/--/-- 97 - french poet and dramatist voltaire publishes his philosophical novel candide.
1759/--/-- 97 - josiah wedgwood establishes his first pottery works.
1759/--/-- 97 - the botanical gardens are founded at kew in london.
1759/--/-- 97 - the british defeat the french at niagara; amherst captures fort ticonderoga.
1759/--/-- 97 - the british under wolfe defeat montcalm at quebec; wolfe dies from his wounds.
1759/--/-- 97 - the russians defeat frederick ii at kunersdorf.
1760/--/-- 98 - english architect robert adam begins the design of syon house.
1760/--/-- 98 - english novelist laurence sterne publishes the first volumes of tristram shandy.
1760/--/-- 98 - george ii dies; he is succeeded by his grandson george iii as king of england.
1760/--/-- 98 - the british under amherst capture montreal, ending french resistance in north america.
1760/--/-- 98 - the russians invade prussia and burn berlin.
1761/--/-- 99 - franz josef haydn becomes court composer to prince esterhazy.
1761/09/02 99 - george iii crowned king of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by tho
1762/--/-- 100 - american indian religious leader, the delaware prophet, is active in the ohio valley.
1762/--/-- 100 - britain seizes cuba and the philippines from spain.
1762/--/-- 100 - british animal painter george stubbs completes the horse attacked by a lion.
1762/--/-- 100 - catherine ii (catherine the great) succeeds her husband as empress of russia.
1762/--/-- 100 - france cedes louisiana to spain to prevent british control of the region.
1762/--/-- 100 - french philosopher rousseau publishes the social contract and emile.
1762/--/-- 100 - peter iii succeeds elizabeth as emperor of russia, but is deposed and murdered.
1762/--/-- 100 - the russians end their alliance with austria against prussia.
1762/--/-- 100 - wolfgang amadeus mozart performs at the imperial court in vienna at age 6.
1763/--/-- 101 - augustus iii dies; he is succeeded (1764) by stanislaw ii, the last king of poland.
1763/--/-- 101 - britain returns cuba and the philippines to spain in exchange for florida.
1763/--/-- 101 - france cedes canada and all territories east of the mississippi river to britain.
1763/--/-- 101 - france recognizes british dominance in india.
1763/--/-- 101 - french forces withdraw from germany; prussia retains silesia.
1763/--/-- 101 - james boswell meets samuel johnson for the first time.
1763/--/-- 101 - the ottawa chief pontiac leads an uprising against the british.
1763/--/-- 101 - the treaty of paris ends the seven years' war and the french and indian wars.
1763/--/-- 101 - the wahhabi saudis begin to establish control over arabia.
1764/--/-- 102 - german historian johann winckelmann publishes his history of the art of antiquity.
1764/--/-- 102 - thomas chatterton forges the rowley poems at the age of 12.
1765/--/-- 103 - francis i dies; he is succeeded by joseph ii as holy roman emperor.
1765/--/-- 103 - french artist francois boucher is appointed court painter to louis xv.
1765/--/-- 103 - george grenville's stamp act imposes a tax on all publications in the american colonies.
1765/--/-- 103 - horace walpole publishes his gothic novel the castle of otranto.
1765/--/-- 103 - lancelot capability brown designs the gardens at blenheim palace.
1765/--/-- 103 - robert clive is appointed governor of bengal in india.
1765/--/-- 103 - samuel adams helps to found the sons of liberty to oppose the stamp act.
1765/--/-- 103 - sir william blackstone begins his commentaries on the laws of england.
1766/--/-- 104 - anglo-irish author oliver goldsmith publishes the vicar of wakefield.
1766/--/-- 104 - english chemist henry cavendish isolates hydrogen gas for the first time.
1766/--/-- 104 - french artist jean honore fragonard paints the swing.
1766/--/-- 104 - german dramatist and critic gotthold ephraim lessing publishes laocoon.
1766/--/-- 104 - the declaratory act imposes parliament's right to make laws in the colonies.
1766/--/-- 104 - the nautical almanac provides the first practical method for determining longitude.
1766/--/-- 104 - the stamp act is repealed after strong opposition from american colonists.
1767/--/-- 105 - german composer christoph willibald gluck writes his opera alceste.
1767/--/-- 105 - german-jewish philosopher moses mendelssohn publishes phaedon.
1767/--/-- 105 - the burmese destroy the siam capital of ayutthaya; the bangkok period begins.
1767/--/-- 105 - the mason-dixon line establishes the pennsylvania-maryland boundary.
1767/--/-- 105 - the townshend acts impose a tax on imports to north america.
1768/--/-- 106 - genoa sells its rights in corsica to france.
1768/--/-- 106 - joshua reynolds becomes the first president of the royal academy in london.
1768/--/-- 106 - louis antoine de bougainville claims the pacific island of tahiti for france.
1768/--/-- 106 - the russo-turkish war is renewed.
1768/--/-- 106 - the first weekly numbers of the encyclopaedia britannica are issued.
1769/--/-- 107 - american pioneer daniel boone explores a route through the cumberland gap.
1769/--/-- 107 - french forces in corsica defeat pasquale paoli; corsica becomes a province of france.
1769/--/-- 107 - james watt patents a condenser to improve the performance of steam engines.
1769/--/-- 107 - ottawa indian chief pontiac is assassinated by a peoria indian.
1769/--/-- 107 - richard arkwright invents a spinning frame to mechanize cotton weaving.
1769/--/-- 107 - the comtesse du barry becomes the official mistress to louis xv.
1769/--/-- 107 - the gurkhas conquer nepal.
1770/--/-- 108 - a brawl between british troops and colonists leads to the boston massacre.
1770/--/-- 108 - british explorer james bruce discovers the source of the blue nile.
1770/--/-- 108 - english artist thomas gainsborough paints the blue boy.
1770/--/-- 108 - english navigator james cook explores new zealand and the east coast of australia.
1770/--/-- 108 - lord north becomes prime minister of britain.
1770/--/-- 108 - louis, the future king of france, marries marie antoinette.
1770/--/-- 108 - the british parliament repeals the townshend acts.
1770/--/-- 108 - thomas jefferson begins building monticello, his house in virginia.
1771/--/-- 109 - governor tyron defeats the regulators (dissident farmers) in north carolina.
1771/--/-- 109 - gustav iii succeeds his father as king of sweden.
1772/--/-- 110 - american artist benjamin west paints the death of wolfe.
1772/--/-- 110 - english artist joshua reynolds paints a portrait of samuel johnson.
1772/--/-- 110 - poland is partitioned among russia, prussia and austria.
1773/--/-- 111 - american colonists throw british tea into boston harbor during the boston tea party.
1773/--/-- 111 - anglo-irish author oliver goldsmith writes the play she stoops to conquer.
1773/--/-- 111 - calcutta is established as the capital of british india.
1773/--/-- 111 - don cossack yemelian pugachev leads the peasant's revolt in russia.
1773/--/-- 111 - pope clement xiv persecutes the jesuits.
1774/--/-- 112 - britain passes the intolerable acts and closes the port of boston.
1774/--/-- 112 - british scientist joseph priestley discovers oxygen.
1774/--/-- 112 - edmund burke's speech on american taxation defends the colony's rights.
1774/--/-- 112 - johann wolfgang von goethe publishes the sorrows of young werther.
1774/--/-- 112 - louis xv dies; he is succeeded by his grandson louis xvi as king of france.
1774/--/-- 112 - rhode island becomes the first state to abolish slavery.
1774/--/-- 112 - the quebec act grants religious liberty to roman catholics in canada.
1774/--/-- 112 - the treaty of kuchuk kainarji ends the russo-turkish war.
1774/--/-- 112 - the first continental congress meets and condemns britain's intolerable acts.
1774/--/-- 112 - warren hastings is appointed as the first governor-general of british india.
1775/--/-- 113 - american patriot patrick henry states "give me liberty, or give me death."
1775/--/-- 113 - americans under montgomery occupy montreal, but fail to capture quebec.
1775/--/-- 113 - british troops and colonial militia clash at lexington, starting the american revolution.
1775/--/-- 113 - british troops suffer heavy losses at the battle of bunker hill.
1775/--/-- 113 - french dramatist caron de beaumarchais writes the barber of seville.
1775/--/-- 113 - paul revere rides to lexington to warn of approaching british troops.
1775/--/-- 113 - revolutionary war begins
1775/--/-- 113 - the continental congress chooses george washington to head the continental army.
1776/--/-- 114 - american general charles lee is captured by the british.
1776/--/-- 114 - ann lee establishes a shaker community at wartervliet in new york.
1776/--/-- 114 - british forces are evacuated from boston.
1776/--/-- 114 - british forces under sir henry clinton bombard charleston harbor.
1776/--/-- 114 - charles burney publishes the first volume of a general history of music.
1776/--/-- 114 - david bushnell's submarine the turtle makes an abortive attack on british ships.
1776/--/-- 114 - economist adam smith publishes the wealth of nations.
1776/--/-- 114 - edward gibbon publishes the first volume of decline and fall of the roman empire.
1776/--/-- 114 - grigory aleksandrovich potemkin organizes the russian black sea fleet.
1776/--/-- 114 - howe defeats washington at white plains; washington retreats across the delaware.
1776/--/-- 114 - nathan hale is executed by the british as a spy.
1776/--/-- 114 - swiss banker jacques necker is appointed director of the treasury by louis xvi.
1776/--/-- 114 - the british under howe defeat washington on long island and occupy new york.
1776/--/-- 114 - the continental congress adopts the declaration of independence.
1776/--/-- 114 - the sturm und drang (storm and stress) literary movement begins in germany.
1776/--/-- 114 - thomas paine publishes his revolutionary war pamphlet common sense.
1776/--/-- 114 - washington defeats british forces at trenton and princeton (1777).
1777/--/-- 115 - burgoyne capitulates to horatio gates' american forces at saratoga.
1777/--/-- 115 - christianity is introduced into korea.
1777/--/-- 115 - french chemist lavoisier proves that air is composed of oxygen and nitrogen.
1777/--/-- 115 - general burgoyne captures ticonderoga and defeats the americans in pennsylvania.
1777/--/-- 115 - richard brinsley sheridan's comedy the school for scandal is produced.
1777/--/-- 115 - the british under howe capture philadelphia, forcing congress to flee.
1777/--/-- 115 - the british under howe defeat washington's continental army at brandywine creek.
1777/--/-- 115 - the continental congress adopts the stars and stripes as the american flag.
1777/--/-- 115 - the marquis de lafayette offers his services to the continental congress.
1777/--/-- 115 - washington's continental army spends a hard winter at valley forge.
1778/--/-- 116 - english novelist fanny burney writes evelina.
1778/--/-- 116 - france enters the american war of independence in support of the colonies.
1778/--/-- 116 - franz anton mesmer opens a paris practice to treat patients using magnetism.
1778/--/-- 116 - john singleton copley paints watson and the shark.
1778/--/-- 116 - la scala opera house opens in milan, italy.
1778/--/-- 116 - portugal transfers its rights in equatorial guinea to spain.
1778/--/-- 116 - washington clashes with british forces under clinton at monmouth, n.j.
1779/--/-- 117 - american forces under sullivan campaign against the iroquois on the new york border.
1779/--/-- 117 - an american squadron led by john paul jones attacks british shipping.
1779/--/-- 117 - british explorer james cook is killed by natives on hawaii.
1779/--/-- 117 - george rogers clark recaptures vincennes from the british.
1779/--/-- 117 - samuel crompton develops his spinning mule for england's cotton industry.
1779/--/-- 117 - samuel johnson begins writing the lives of the poets
1779/--/-- 117 - spain declares war on britain and lays siege to gibraltar.
1779/--/-- 117 - war breaks out between dutch settlers and the xhosas in south africa.
1780/--/-- 118 - americans under horatio gates are defeated by cornwallis at camden, s.c.
1780/--/-- 118 - andre's capture exposes benedict arnold's plot to surrender west point.
1780/--/-- 118 - english spy john andre is caught and executed by the americans.
1780/--/-- 118 - francis marion and thomas sumter lead guerrilla forces against the british.
1780/--/-- 118 - luigi galvani begins experiments on the effect of electricity on nerves and muscles.
1780/--/-- 118 - maria theresa dies; joseph ii inherits the crown of bohemia and hungary.
1780/--/-- 118 - peruvian indians under tupac amaru revolt against spainish rule.
1780/--/-- 118 - the british under clinton occupy charleston, s.c. and capture the garrison.
1780/--/-- 118 - the derby horse race is established in england.
1780/--/-- 118 - the gordon riots begin in london against catholic emancipation.
1780/--/-- 118 - venetian artist francesco guardi paints the gondola on the lagoon.
1781/--/-- 119 - american forces under daniel morgan defeat the british at the battle of cowpens.
1781/--/-- 119 - english astronomer william herschel discovers the planet uranus.
1781/--/-- 119 - german philosopher immanuel kant publishes his critique of pure reason.
1781/--/-- 119 - the british defeat hyder ali the muslim ruler of mysore (now karnataka) in india.
1781/--/-- 119 - the british under cornwallis surrender to the americans at yorktown.
1781/--/-- 119 - the french aid washington in the siege of yorktown.
1782/--/-- 120 - henry grattan's patriot party achieves legislative independence for ireland.
1782/--/-- 120 - kamehameha i begins a ten-year war for control of hawaii.
1782/--/-- 120 - peace talks open in paris between britain and america.
1782/--/-- 120 - pierre choderlos de laclos writes les liaisons dangereuses.
1782/--/-- 120 - rama i founds the chakkri dynasty in siam (thailand) with bangkok as its capital.
1782/--/-- 120 - the design for the great seal of the united states is adopted by the continental congress.
1782/--/-- 120 - tippu sultan succeeds his father as ruler of mysore (now karnataka) in india.
in 1662 transportation was by:
foot
horse
sailing ship
in 1662 communications was by:
word of mouth
by 1782 communications was by:
post office
in addition.
in 1662 food preparation was by:
wood
in 1662 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
radio
television
theme parks
computer
in 1662 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1662 war making was by:
bow & arrow
swords & body armor
calvary
gun
artillery
by 1782 war making was by:
submarine
in addition.
by 1782 war making by:
bow & arrow
swords & body armor
had been discontinued.
in 1662 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
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