...Date... AGE Event
1813/--/-- 0 *** Cardwell, Elender Ann - Born
1813/--/-- 0 - 14 Luddites are hanged at York in England.
1813/--/-- 0 - English novelist Jane Austen publishes Pride and Prejudice.
1813/--/-- 0 - James Wilkinson captures a fort at Mobile, the last Spanish possession in West Florida.
1813/--/-- 0 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Leipzig by the Sixth Coalition.
1813/--/-- 0 - Oliver Hazard Perry's ships destroy the British fleet on Lake Erie.
1813/--/-- 0 - British Indian leader Tecumseh is killed in the Battle of the Thames.
1813/--/-- 0 - Rebel forces invade Venezuela and capture Caracas; Bolivar is declared the Liberator.
1813/--/-- 0 - Robert Southey is made poet laureate of England.
1813/--/-- 0 - Wellington defeats the French in Spain at Vitoria and invades southern France.
1813/--/-- 0 - William Henry Harrison defeats the British at the Battle of the Thames.
1814/--/-- 1 - Actor Edmund Kean makes his debut as Shylock in The Merchant of Venice.
1814/--/-- 1 - Andrew Jackson annihilates the Creek Indians at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
1814/--/-- 1 - Andrew Jackson crushes Creek Resistance in South
1814/--/-- 1 - British forces burn Washington, D.C., but are repulsed at Fort McHenry.
1814/--/-- 1 - Coalition armies invade France; Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to the island of Elba.
1814/--/-- 1 - French artist Ingres paints The Grand Odalisque.
1814/--/-- 1 - George Stephenson constructs his first steam locomotive.
1814/--/-- 1 - Louis XVIII assumes the French throne.
1814/--/-- 1 - New England states discuss their secession from the Union at the Hartford Convention.
1814/--/-- 1 - Pope Pius VII returns to Rome; the Jesuit order is reestablished.
1814/--/-- 1 - The Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812 between the U.S. and Britain.
1814/--/-- 1 - Treaty of Ghent
1814/--/-- 1 - U.S. forces under Thomas Macdonough destroy the British fleet on Lake Champlain.
1815/--/-- 2 - French Monarchy re-established
1815/--/-- 2 - Napoleon escapes from Elba and marches on Paris during the Hundred Days.
1815/--/-- 2 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Waterloo; he is exiled to the island of Saint Helena.
1815/--/-- 2 - The Americans defeat the British at New Orleans before news of peace arrives.
1815/--/-- 2 - The Barbary States sue for peace with the U.S.
1815/--/-- 2 - The Spanish army reconquers Venezuela; Bolivar flees to Jamaica.
1815/--/-- 2 - The Spanish capture and execute the Mexican rebel leader Morelos y Pavon.
1815/--/-- 2 - The first Gurkha regiment is formed by the British army.
1815/--/-- 2 - War of 1812 Ends
1816/--/-- 3 - Gioacchino Rossini's opera The Barber of Seville is performed in Rome.
1816/--/-- 3 - Indiana is inaugurated as the 19th state of the Union.
1816/--/-- 3 - Maria I of Portugal dies; she is succeeded by John VI who remains in exile in Brazil.
1816/--/-- 3 - Nepal is made a protectorate of British India.
1816/--/-- 3 - Shaka begins establishing the Zulu empire in South Africa.
1816/--/-- 3 - The British Museum buys the Elgin Marbles (smuggled from Greece by Lord Elgin).
1816/--/-- 3 - The United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (Argentina) declare independence.
1817/--/-- 4 - Construction begins on Erie Canal in New York
1817/--/-- 4 - Construction of the Erie Canal begins in New York State.
1817/--/-- 4 - First Seminole War
1817/--/-- 4 - French physician Rene Laennec invents the stethoscope.
1817/--/-- 4 - James Monroe (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1817/--/-- 4 - Jose de San Martin and Bernardo O'Higgins defeat the Spanish in Chile.
1817/--/-- 4 - Mississippi is inaugurated as the 20th state of the Union.
1817/--/-- 4 - Monroe is inaugurated as the 5th U.S. president; Tompkins becomes vice-president.
1817/--/-- 4 - Sir Walter Scott writes the Scottish adventure novel Rob Roy.
1818/--/-- 5 - Arthur Schopenhauer publishes The World as Will and Representation.
1818/--/-- 5 - Bernardo O'Higgins becomes the supreme director of independent Chile.
1818/--/-- 5 - Composer Franz Schubert becomes the music teacher to Count Esterhazy's family.
1818/--/-- 5 - English chemist Sir Humphry Davy invents the miner's safety lamp.
1818/--/-- 5 - Illinois is inaugurated as the 21st state of the Union.
1818/--/-- 5 - John Keats "Endymion"
1818/--/-- 5 - Mary Wollstonecroft Shelley publishes the horror novel Frankenstein.
1818/--/-- 5 - Sir John Ross sails in search of the Northwest Passage.
1818/--/-- 5 - Thomas Love Peacock publishes his comic novel Nightmare Abbey.
1818/--/-- 5 - Treaty with Britain sets 49th parallel
1819/--/-- 6 - Alabama is inaugurated as the 22nd state of the Union.
1819/--/-- 6 - American artist Washington Allston paints Moonlit Landscape.
1819/--/-- 6 - Bolivar defeats the Spanish in Colombia at the Battle of Boyaca.
1819/--/-- 6 - Lord Byron begins his satirical poem Don Juan.
1819/--/-- 6 - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles acquires Singapore for the East India Company.
1819/--/-- 6 - Spain surrenders East and West Florida to the U.S. in the Adams-Onis Treaty.
1819/--/-- 6 - The Prado Museum is inaugurated in Madrid.
1819/--/-- 6 - The Savannah becomes the first steamship to cross the Atlantic.
1819/--/-- 6 - Treaty with Spain sets boundaries
1820/--/-- 7 - Carbonari Italian nationalists rebel against the rule of Ferdinand I in Naples.
1820/--/-- 7 - English poet John Keats writes Ode To a Nightingale.
1820/--/-- 7 - English poet Percy Bysshe Shelley writes Prometheus Unbound.
1820/--/-- 7 - Fed offers land at $1.25 an acre
1820/--/-- 7 - French navigator Dumont d'Urville discovers the Venus de Milo on the island of Melos.
1820/--/-- 7 - French poet Alphonse de Lamartine publishes Meditations Poetiques.
1820/--/-- 7 - Henri Christophe commits suicide; Haiti is united under Jean Pierre Boyer.
1820/--/-- 7 - Juan Manuel de Rosas becomes the virtual dictator of Argentina.
1820/--/-- 7 - Maine is inaugurated as the 23rd state of the Union.
1820/--/-- 7 - Missouri Compromise
1820/--/-- 7 - Percy Bysshe Shelly "Prometheus Unbound"
1820/--/-- 7 - Russian Admiral Fabian von Bellingshausen sights land in the Antarctic.
1820/--/-- 7 - Stephen H. Long explores the Rocky Mountain region.
1820/--/-- 7 - The Missouri Compromise admits Missouri to the Union as a slave state.
1820/--/-- 7 - The Prince Regent becomes King George IV on the death of George III.
1820/--/-- 7 - The first American missionaries are admitted to Hawaii.
1820/--/-- 7 - The first free American slaves to be resettled in Africa land in Liberia.
1820/--/-- 7 - U.S. navy hero Stephen Decatur is killed in a duel.
1820/--/-- 7 - Washington Irving publishes Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.
1821/--/-- 8 - American captain John Davis is the first to land on the continent of Antarctica.
1821/--/-- 8 - Bolivar forms Gran Colombia (Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Panama).
1821/--/-- 8 - Brazil annexes the Banda Oriental (Uruguay).
1821/--/-- 8 - English landscape artist John Constable paints The Hay Wain.
1821/--/-- 8 - King John VI is reinstated on the Portuguese throne.
1821/--/-- 8 - Mexican Independence
1821/--/-- 8 - Michael Faraday discovers electromagnetic rotation
1821/--/-- 8 - Missouri Compromise
1821/--/-- 8 - Missouri is inaugurated as the 24th state of the Union.
1821/--/-- 8 - Napoleon dies on Saint Helena.
1821/--/-- 8 - Revolutionary general San Martin enters Lima and declares Peru independent.
1821/--/-- 8 - Revolutionary leader Iturbide declares Mexican independence from Spain.
1821/--/-- 8 - Simon Bolivar defeats the Spanish forces in Venezuela and Ecuador.
1821/--/-- 8 - The Cherokee Indian Sequoya develops the Cherokee written language.
1821/--/-- 8 - The Greek War of Independence begins against Turkey.
1821/--/-- 8 - Thomas de Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater is published.
1821/07/09 8 - George IV crowned King of Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey by Char
1822/--/-- 9 - American surgeon William Beaumont begins his study of the gastric process.
1822/--/-- 9 - Antonio Jose de Sucre defeats the Spanish in Ecuador at the Battle of Pichincha.
1822/--/-- 9 - British statesman Lord Castlereagh commits suicide.
1822/--/-- 9 - Denmark Vesey leads a slave revolt in Charleston; 35 blacks are executed.
1822/--/-- 9 - Dom Pedro, son of Portuguese King John VI, declares Brazil independent.
1822/--/-- 9 - Egyptian leader Muhammad Ali completes the conquest of northern Sudan.
1822/--/-- 9 - French scholar Jean Francois Champollion deciphers the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphics.
1823/--/-- 10 - Charles Babbage begins work on his difference engine, a precursor of the computer.
1823/--/-- 10 - Charles Lamb publishes his Essays of Elia in The London Magazine.
1823/--/-- 10 - Charles Macintosh patents the waterproof fabric used in mackintosh raincoats.
1823/--/-- 10 - General Santa Anna leads a coup against Mexican Emperor Agustin I (Iturbide).
1823/--/-- 10 - James Fenimore Cooper publishes the first volume of The Leatherstocking Tales.
1823/--/-- 10 - Japanese artist Hokusai begins a series of Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji.
1823/--/-- 10 - Ludwig van Beethoven completes his 9th Symphony.
1823/--/-- 10 - Monroe Doctrine
1823/--/-- 10 - Rugby football originates at Rugby School in England.
1823/--/-- 10 - The Monroe Doctrine warns Europe not to interfere in the Americas.
1824/--/-- 11 - De Sucre defeats the Spanish at the Battle of Ayacucho, liberating Peru.
1824/--/-- 11 - Disputes over the border of India lead to war between Britain and Burma.
1824/--/-- 11 - English poet Lord Byron travels to Greece to aid the patriots but dies of a fever.
1824/--/-- 11 - Jons Jakob Berzelius discovers the element silicon about this time.
1824/--/-- 11 - Sadi Carnot lays the foundations for the second law of thermodynamics.
1824/--/-- 11 - The Ashanti begin a war of resistance against Britain in the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1824/--/-- 11 - The Ashanti begin a war of resistance against Britain in the Gold Coast (Ghana).
1824/--/-- 11 - The National Gallery is founded in London.
1825/--/-- 12 - Adams is inaugurated as the 6th U.S. president; Calhoun becomes vice-president.
1825/--/-- 12 - American painter Thomas Cole founds the Hudson River School about this time.
1825/--/-- 12 - English literary critic William Hazlitt publishes The Spirit of the Age.
1825/--/-- 12 - John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) becomes president of the United States
1825/--/-- 12 - Kappa Alpha, the first social fraternity, is formed at Union College, New York.
1825/--/-- 12 - Mountain man James Bridger discovers the Great Salt Lake.
1825/--/-- 12 - Nicholas I is made emperor of Russia; the Decembrists revolt breaks out.
1825/--/-- 12 - The Central American Federation declares its independence from Mexico.
1825/--/-- 12 - Thomas Cole establishes Hudson River school of landscape painting
1825/--/-- 12 - Uruguayan leader Lavalleja precipitates a war between Brazil and Argentina.
1825/--/-- 12 - Welsh reformer Robert Owen founds a community at New Harmony, Indiana.
1826/--/-- 13 - American engineer John Stevens builds the first U.S. steam locomotive.
1826/--/-- 13 - Andre Ampere publishes his Theory of Electrodynamic Phenomenon.
1826/--/-- 13 - British engineer Thomas Telford builds the Menai suspension bridge in Wales.
1826/--/-- 13 - Felix Mendelssohn composes his overture to A Midsummer Night's Dream at age 17.
1826/--/-- 13 - German poet Heine begins the publication of Reisebilder (Travel Pictures).
1826/--/-- 13 - Ohm's law establishes the relationship of electrical voltage, current and resistance.
1826/--/-- 13 - Revolutionary leader Antonio Jose de Sucre is elected first president of Bolivia.
1827/--/-- 14 - American frontiersman Davy Crockett is elected to Congress.
1827/--/-- 14 - Audubon publishes " Birds of America"
1827/--/-- 14 - Britain, France and Russia demand that Turkey ends the war with Greece.
1827/--/-- 14 - English inventor John Walker introduces the first friction matches.
1827/--/-- 14 - French landscape artist Camille Corot paints the Bridge at Narni.
1827/--/-- 14 - Mountain man Jedediah Smith pioneers an overland route to California.
1827/--/-- 14 - Ornithologist John James Audubon begins the publication of his Birds of America.
1827/--/-- 14 - The Allied navies destroy the Turkish and Egyptian fleet at Navarino in Greece.
1828/--/-- 15 - Composer Frederic Chopin begins concert tours at age 18.
1828/--/-- 15 - Greeks win War of Independence from Ottoman Empire
1828/--/-- 15 - Lavalleja's Thirty-three Immortals achieve Uruguayan independence from Brazil.
1828/--/-- 15 - Noah Webster publishes his American Dictionary of the English Language.
1828/--/-- 15 - Rammohun Roy founds the Brahmo Samaj religious society in India.
1828/--/-- 15 - The Duke of Wellington becomes prime minister of Britain.
1828/--/-- 15 - Virtuoso violin player Niccolo Paganini performs in Vienna.
1829/--/-- 16 *** Cardwell, Elender Ann & Lafever, Asher [Husband] - Married White County, Tennessee
1829/--/-- 16 - Andrew Jackson (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1829/--/-- 16 - Delacroix paints "Death of Sardanapalus"
1829/--/-- 16 - Explorer Charles Sturt charts the Murray River in Australia.
1829/--/-- 16 - Jackson introduces spoils system
1829/--/-- 16 - Jackson is inaugurated as the 7th U.S. president; Calhoun continues as vice-president.
1829/--/-- 16 - Lord Bentinck bans the Indian custom of suttee (the burning of widows).
1829/--/-- 16 - Louis Braille publishes his braille system of writing for the blind.
1829/--/-- 16 - Serbia becomes an autonomous principality under Prince Milos.
1829/--/-- 16 - Sir Robert Peel reorganizes the London police; his policemen are nicknamed Bobbies.
1829/--/-- 16 - Sir Robert Peel sponsers the Catholic Emancipation Act in Britain.
1829/--/-- 16 - The convict-free British colony of Western Australia is founded.
1829/--/-- 16 - The first U.S. encyclopedia, the Encyclopedia Americana, is begun.
1830/--/-- 17 - Belgium asserts its independence from the Netherlands.
1830/--/-- 17 - British geologist Charles Lyell begins publishing his Principles of Geology.
1830/--/-- 17 - Fructuoso Rivera is elected as first president of Uruguay.
1830/--/-- 17 - George Catlin begins his paintings of North American Indians about this time.
1830/--/-- 17 - Greece becomes independent from Turkey.
1830/--/-- 17 - Hector Berlioz composes his first major work the Symphonie Fantastique.
1830/--/-- 17 - Indian Removal Act moves eastern Indians west of Mississippi
1830/--/-- 17 - Joseph Smith founds the Mormon church at Fayette, New York.
1830/--/-- 17 - Louis Philippe is chosen as the citizen king of France.
1830/--/-- 17 - Philipon publishes the satirical weekly La Caricature, with contributions by Daumier.
1830/--/-- 17 - Polish rebellions are suppressed by Russia.
1830/--/-- 17 - Simon Bolivar resigns as dictator of Gran Colombia, he dies later in the year.
1830/--/-- 17 - The Indian Removal Act is passed to move the southeastern tribes to Indian Territory.
1830/--/-- 17 - The July Revolution in France forces the abdication of Charles X.
1830/--/-- 17 - The Women's magazine Godey's Lady's Book is published in the U.S.
1830/--/-- 17 - The locomotive Best Friend of Charleston is in use on the first U.S. railroad.
1830/--/-- 17 - William IV succeeds George IV as king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1831/--/-- 18 - British naturalist Charles Darwin sails to South America aboard H.M.S. Beagle.
1831/--/-- 18 - Cyrus McCormick invents a mechanical reaper.
1831/--/-- 18 - Explorer James Clark Ross determines the position of the north magnetic pole.
1831/--/-- 18 - Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini founds the Young Italy movement.
1831/--/-- 18 - Jose Antonio Paez becomes the first president of Venezuela.
1831/--/-- 18 - King Louis Philippe founds the French foreign legion.
1831/--/-- 18 - Leopold I is selected as the first king of Belgium.
1831/--/-- 18 - Michael Faraday demonstrates his theory of electromagnetic induction.
1831/--/-- 18 - Nat Turner leads a black slave revolt in Virginia; he is captured and hanged.
1831/--/-- 18 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin completes his masterpiece Eugene Onegin.
1831/--/-- 18 - The crown colony of British Guiana (Guyana) is formed.
1831/--/-- 18 - Victor Hugo "Hunchback of Notre Dame"
1831/--/-- 18 - William Lloyd Garrison publishes the abolitionist newspaper the Liberator.
1831/09/09 18 *** Lafever, Thomas Samuel [Son] - Born to Lafever, Asher and Cardwell, Elender Ann born in Tennessee
1832/--/-- 19 - George Sand (Aurore Dudevant) publishes her first novel Indiana.
1832/--/-- 19 - Japanese artist Hiroshige begins work on Fifty-three Stages of the Tokaido.
1832/--/-- 19 - Samuel F.B. Morse designs improved electromagnetic telegraph
1832/--/-- 19 - The Black Hawk War is the last major Indian conflict east of the Mississippi River.
1832/--/-- 19 - The Democratic party is formally established as a national organization.
1833/--/-- 20 - A Bavarian prince becomes King Otto of Greece.
1833/--/-- 20 - Britain occupies the Falkland Islands.
1833/--/-- 20 - Carl von Clausewitz's classic study of warfare On War is published.
1833/--/-- 20 - General Santa Anna becomes president of Mexico.
1833/--/-- 20 - Isabella II succeeds Ferdinand VII, King of Spain; the Carlist Wars begin.
1833/--/-- 20 - President Jackson withdraws federal deposits from the Bank of the United States.
1833/--/-- 20 - Santa Anna elected President of Mexico
1833/--/-- 20 - The American Anti-Slavery Society is inaugurated in Philadelphia.
1833/--/-- 20 - Victor Hugo's novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame is published in English.
1834/--/-- 21 - A Quadruple Alliance is formed to aid Isabella II of Spain and Maria II of Portugal.
1834/--/-- 21 - American inventor Jacob Perkins patents the first practical ice-making machine.
1834/--/-- 21 - British politician Sir Robert Peel founds the Conservative Party.
1834/--/-- 21 - Indian Territory founded
1834/--/-- 21 - Slavery abolished in British Empire
1834/--/-- 21 - The Carlist Wars resume in Spain.
1834/--/-- 21 - The Hansom cab is designed; it becomes the standard horse-drawn cab in London.
1834/--/-- 21 - The Whig party is formed to oppose Andrew Jackson and the Democratic party.
1835/--/-- 22 - American settlers begin the Texas Revolution against Mexican rule.
1835/--/-- 22 - Attempts to move the Seminole Indians begins the second Seminole War.
1835/--/-- 22 - Danish writer Hans Christian Andersen publishes Tales Told for Children.
1835/--/-- 22 - French politician Alexis de Tocqueville publishes Democracy in America.
1835/--/-- 22 - James Gordon Bennett founds the New York Herald newspaper.
1835/--/-- 22 - Second Seminole War in Florida
1836/--/-- 23 - American educator William Holmes McGuffey begins editing his Readers.
1836/--/-- 23 - American inventor Samuel Colt begins manufacturing the first revolver.
1836/--/-- 23 - American literary figure Ralph Waldo Emerson founds the Transcendental Club.
1836/--/-- 23 - Arkansas is inaugurated as the 25th state of the Union.
1836/--/-- 23 - Boer (Afrikaner) settlers begin the Great Trek into the South African interior.
1836/--/-- 23 - Bolivian president Santa Cruz invades Peru and forms the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.
1836/--/-- 23 - Charles Barry designs Westminster Palace in the Gothic Revival style.
1836/--/-- 23 - Charles Dickens publishes his first popular work The Pickwick Papers.
1836/--/-- 23 - John C. Calhoun supports the gag rules to prevent Congress debating slavery.
1836/--/-- 23 - Republic of Texas forms
1836/--/-- 23 - Russian author Nikolai Gogol writes his play The Inspector General.
1836/--/-- 23 - Santa Anna's army storms the Alamo in Texas, killing the defenders.
1836/--/-- 23 - Texans under Sam Houston defeat Santa Anna at the San Jacinto River.
1836/--/-- 23 - Texas Revolution
1836/--/-- 23 - The Arc de Triomphe, the world's largest triumphal arch, is completed in Paris.
1837/--/-- 24 - Britain's refusal to grant more home rule in Canada leads to the Rebellions of 1837.
1837/--/-- 24 - British scientist Charles Wheatstone designs an electric telegraph system.
1837/--/-- 24 - Charles Dickens "Oliver Twist"
1837/--/-- 24 - Louis Daguerre invents the daguerreotype method for taking permanent photographs.
1837/--/-- 24 - Martin Van Buren (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1837/--/-- 24 - Michigan is inaugurated as the 26th state of the Union.
1837/--/-- 24 - Mikhail Lermontov writes the Death of a Poet, inspired by the death of Pushkin.
1837/--/-- 24 - Russian poet Aleksandr Pushkin is killed in a duel.
1837/--/-- 24 - Scottish historian Thomas Carlyle publishes The French Revolution.
1837/--/-- 24 - Seminole Indian leader Osceola is captured.
1837/--/-- 24 - Van Buren is inaugurated as the 8th U.S. president; Johnson becomes vice-president.
1837/--/-- 24 - William IV dies; Victoria succeeds him as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland.
1837/06/-- 24 - Victoria succeeds as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland.
1838/--/-- 25 - Boer (Afrikaner) leader Andries Pretorius defeats the Zulus at the Battle of Blood River.
1838/--/-- 25 - British artist Joseph Mallord William Turner paints the Fighting Temeraire.
1838/--/-- 25 - Charles Wilkes heads a U.S. Navy expedition to Antarctica.
1838/--/-- 25 - Cherokee "Trail of Tears"
1838/--/-- 25 - French philosopher Auguste Comte inaugurates the science of sociology.
1838/--/-- 25 - Iowa Territory organized
1838/--/-- 25 - John Deere develops a steel-tipped plow capable of turning heavy prairie soil.
1838/--/-- 25 - Samuel F.B. Morse develops the Morse code for electric telegraph systems.
1838/--/-- 25 - Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick Macmillan makes the first pedal-driven bicycle.
1838/06/08 25 - Victoria crowned Queen of Great Britain and Ireland at Westminster Abbey by Will
1839/--/-- 26 - American inventor Charles Goodyear develops the vulcanization of rubber.
1839/--/-- 26 - Chile defeats Santa Cruz's Peru-Bolivian Confederation at the Battle of Yungay.
1839/--/-- 26 - Daguerre invents first form of photography
1839/--/-- 26 - French novelist Stendhal writes The Charterhouse of Parma.
1839/--/-- 26 - Hungarian composer and pianist Franz Liszt embarks on a concert tour of Europe.
1839/--/-- 26 - Jose Rafael Carrera captures Guatemala; the Central American Federation is dissolved.
1839/--/-- 26 - Stephens and Catherwood explore Maya ruins in the Yucatan.
1839/--/-- 26 - The Anglo-Afghan Wars begin in Afghanistan.
1839/--/-- 26 - The Opium Wars begin between Britain and China.
1839/--/-- 26 - Theodor Schwann and Matthias Jakob Schleiden formulate the cell theory.
1840/--/-- 27 - Civil War breaks out in Uruguay between the Colorados (reds) and Blancos (whites).
1840/--/-- 27 - Edgar Allen Poe: "Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque"
1840/--/-- 27 - French philosopher and anarchist Pierre Joseph Proudhon writes What is Property.
1840/--/-- 27 - Horatio Greenough's classical statue of George Washington is strongly criticized.
1840/--/-- 27 - Maori chiefs sign over their tribal lands to Queen Victoria in the Treaty of Waitangi.
1840/--/-- 27 - Queen Victoria marries Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg.
1840/--/-- 27 - Swiss-American naturalist Louis Agassiz postulates his theory of ice ages.
1840/--/-- 27 - The Liberty party is founded in Albany, N.Y. based exclusively on an antislavery platform.
1840/--/-- 27 - The Underground Railroad is active in helping escaping slaves in the U.S.
1840/--/-- 27 - The first adhesive postage stamp, the Penny Black, is issued in London.
1840/--/-- 27 - The metric system of measurement is reinstated in France.
1840/--/-- 27 - Upper and Lower Canada are united in the single Province of Canada.
1840/--/-- 27 - Upper and lower Canada united
1841/--/-- 28 - Edgar Allan Poe writes an early detective story The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
1841/--/-- 28 - George Grey is appointed governor of South Australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- 28 - Harrison is inaugurated as the 9th U.S. president; Tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- 28 - Horace Greeley founds the New York Tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- 28 - Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi creates the role of Giselle.
1841/--/-- 28 - John Tyler (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- 28 - Muhammad Ali defeats the Ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of Egypt.
1841/--/-- 28 - New Zealand is established as a separate British colony.
1841/--/-- 28 - President Harrison dies; John Tyler is inaugurated as the 10th U.S. president
1841/--/-- 28 - Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by Sir Robert Peel.
1841/--/-- 28 - William Henry Harrison (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- 28 - William Henry Talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1842/--/-- 29 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in Massachusetts
1842/--/-- 29 - American explorer John C. Fremont begins surveying the Oregon Trail.
1842/--/-- 29 - American showman P.T. Barnum discovers the 40-inch midget Tom Thumb.
1842/--/-- 29 - Austrian physicist Christian Johann Doppler predicts the Doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 29 - China cedes Hong Kong to Britain.
1842/--/-- 29 - China is defeated in the first Opium War; Chinese ports are opened to British trade.
1842/--/-- 29 - Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti writes his opera Don Pasquale.
1843/--/-- 30 - A coup in Greece forces King Otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 30 - Black American Sojourner Truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 30 - Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard publishes Either/Or.
1843/--/-- 30 - English art critic John Ruskin begins publishing Modern Painters.
1843/--/-- 30 - German astronomer Samuel Schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 31 - Alexander Dumas "The Three Muskateers"
1844/--/-- 31 - Eastern Hispaniola declares independence from Haiti as the Dominican Republic.
1844/--/-- 31 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas pere) publishes The Three Musketeers.
1844/--/-- 31 - Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 31 - Samuel F.B. Morse establishes the first U.S. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 31 - Settlers in New South Wales force Britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 31 - The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in England.
1844/--/-- 31 - William Henry Talbot begins his Pencil of Nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 32 - American author Margaret Fuller publishes Women in the Nineteenth Century.
1845/--/-- 32 - British archaeologist Austen Layard excavates the sites of Nimrud and Nineveh.
1845/--/-- 32 - Civil War ends in Peru; Castilla Ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 32 - Failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in Ireland.
1845/--/-- 32 - Florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 32 - French artists Gavarni and Grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 32 - German composer Robert Schumann writes his Piano Concerto in A minor.
1845/--/-- 32 - German scientist Alexander von Humboldt publishes the first volume of his Kosmos.
1845/--/-- 32 - James K. Polk (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1845/--/-- 32 - Polk is inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president; Dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 32 - Sir John Franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
1845/--/-- 32 - The Republic of Texas becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 32 - The Republic of Texas is annexed by the U.S.; it becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 32 - The Sikh Wars begin in British India.
1845/--/-- 32 - The first clipper ship the Rainbow is built in New York.
1845/--/-- 32 - The term Manifest Destiny is first used in defense of U.S. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 33 - Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone in Paris.
1846/--/-- 33 - American dentist William Morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 33 - German astronomer Johann Galle makes the first observation of the planet Neptune.
1846/--/-- 33 - German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach publishes The Essence of Religion.
1846/--/-- 33 - Henry Creswicke Rawlinson deciphers the Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 33 - Iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the Union.
1846/--/-- 33 - Mexican War
1846/--/-- 33 - Mormon trek from Navoo to Salt Lake City
1846/--/-- 33 - Oregon boundary with Canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 33 - The Christy Minstrels begin performing in New York.
1846/--/-- 33 - The Mexican War begins over the U.S. annexation of Texas.
1846/--/-- 33 - The Mexican government collapses; Santa Anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 33 - The Smithsonian Institution is created by Congress.
1846/--/-- 33 - The border between the U.S. and Canada is established, settling the Oregon Question.
1846/--/-- 33 - U.S. forces under Stephen Watts Kearny occupy New Mexico.
1846/--/-- 33 - U.S. forces under Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at Palo Alto and Monterrey.
1846/--/-- 33 - Writer and artist Edward Lear publishes A Book of Nonsense.
1847/--/-- 34 - American missionary Marcus Whitman is killed by Cayuse Indians in Oregon.
1847/--/-- 34 - American oceanographer Matthew Maury publishes his first Wind and Current Charts.
1847/--/-- 34 - Charlotte Bronte publishes Jane Eyre; Emily Bronte publishes Wuthering Heights.
1847/--/-- 34 - English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray begins Vanity Fair.
1847/--/-- 34 - Honore de Balzac completes La Comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 34 - Italian statesman Cavour founds the liberal newspaper Il Risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 34 - Maria Mitchell, the first woman astronomer in America, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 34 - Mormons and the Indians
1847/--/-- 34 - Scott enters Mexico City after a series of battles; Mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 34 - Sir James Simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 34 - Taylor defeats Santa Anna's Mexican army at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1847/--/-- 34 - The African slave colony of Liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 34 - The American Medical Association is founded.
1847/--/-- 34 - The Mormons under Brigham Young found Salt Lake City.
1847/--/-- 34 - The U.S. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 34 - U.S. forces under Stockton, Fremont and Kearny occupy California.
1847/--/-- 34 - U.S. forces under Winfield Scott land at Veracruz and advance on Mexico City.
1848/--/-- 35 *** Cardwell, Elender Ann - Died Dekalb County, Tennessee
1848/--/-- 35 - A Czech uprising under Frantisek Palacky is suppressed by Austria.
1848/--/-- 35 - American engineer James Bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 35 - February Revolution by French workers makes Louis Napoleon III President of 2nd Reublic
1848/--/-- 35 - Ferdinand I abdicates; Francis Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
1848/--/-- 35 - French Barbizon artist Theodore Rousseau paints the Forest at Fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 35 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas fils) publishes his novel Camille.
1848/--/-- 35 - Gold discovered in California
1848/--/-- 35 - Holman Hunt, Millais and Rossetti form the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in Britain.
1848/--/-- 35 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
1848/--/-- 35 - Karl Marx and Friedrick Engels publish "Communist Manifesto"
1848/--/-- 35 - Louis Philippe abdicates; a Second Republic is declared in France.
1848/--/-- 35 - Mexican Cession
1848/--/-- 35 - Risorgimento leader Garibaldi returns to Italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 35 - Scottish physicist William Thomson Kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 35 - The Austrian revolution begins in Vienna; chancellor Metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 35 - The Revolutions of 1848 break out in Europe.
1848/--/-- 35 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ratifies the cession of California and New Mexico.
1848/--/-- 35 - The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill begins the California gold rush.
1848/--/-- 35 - The first U.S. women's rights assembly meets at the Seneca Falls Convention.
1848/--/-- 35 - Uprisings in Berlin force Frederick William IV to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 35 - Wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the Union.
In 1813 Transportation was by:
Foot
Horse
Sailing ship
Bicycle
Steamboat
By 1848 Transportation was by:
Train
in addition.
By 1848 Transportation by:
Sailing ship
had been discontinued.
In 1813 Communications was by:
Word of Mouth
Post Office
By 1848 Communications was by:
Telegraph
in addition.
In 1813 Food Preparation was by:
Wood
In 1813 Entertainment was by:
Social Intercourse
Organized Sports
Travel
Professional Sports
Movies
Radio
Television
Theme parks
Computer
In 1813 Health Care was by:
Operations
Anesthetic
X-Rays
MRI
In 1813 War Making was by:
Calvary
gun
Artillery
Submarine
In 1813 Navigation was by:
Stars & Maps
Compass
from the SFHR database of Duane Bristow 03-13-2021 19:56:56