...date... age event
1859/--/-- -1 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- -1 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- -1 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- -1 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- -1 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- -1 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- -1 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- -1 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1859/11/30 0 *** schmidt, karl paul - born koln/am rhein, germany
1860/--/-- 0 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 0 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 0 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 0 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 0 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 0 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 0 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 0 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 0 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 0 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 0 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 0 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 1 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 1 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 1 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 1 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 1 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 1 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 1 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 1 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 1 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 1 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 1 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 1 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 1 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 1 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 1 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 1 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 1 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 1 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 1 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 1 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 1 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1862/--/-- 2 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 2 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 2 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 2 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 2 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 2 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 2 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 2 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 2 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 2 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 2 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 2 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 2 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 2 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 2 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 2 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 2 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 2 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 2 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 2 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 2 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 3 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 3 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 3 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 3 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 3 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 3 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 3 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 3 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 3 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 3 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 3 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 3 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 3 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 3 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 4 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 4 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 4 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 4 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 4 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 4 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 4 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 4 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 4 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 4 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 4 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 4 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 4 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1865/--/-- 5 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 5 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 5 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 5 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 5 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 5 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 5 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 5 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 5 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 5 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 5 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 5 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 5 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1866/--/-- 6 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 6 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 6 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 6 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 6 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1867/--/-- 7 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 7 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 7 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 7 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 7 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 7 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 7 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 7 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 7 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 7 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1868/--/-- 8 - a military coup led by general juan prim deposes queen isabella ii of spain.
1868/--/-- 8 - a skeleton of cro-magnon man is discovered in southern france.
1868/--/-- 8 - british labor unions form the trades union congress.
1868/--/-- 8 - christopher sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 8 - chulalongkorn succeeds his father mongkut as the king of siam (thailand).
1868/--/-- 8 - feminists susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton publish revolution.
1868/--/-- 8 - johannes brahms' a german requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 8 - ndebele king mzilikazi dies in africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son lobengula.
1868/--/-- 8 - the meiji dynasty is restored in japan; the tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 8 - the ten years' war begins in cuba against spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 8 - u.s. president andrew johnson is impeached by congress but acquitted by the senate.
1868/--/-- 8 - william gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 9 - 200 pitched battles between indians and u.s. calvary
1869/--/-- 9 - english author matthew arnold publishes culture and anarchy.
1869/--/-- 9 - french artist eugene louis boudin paints on the beach at deauville.
1869/--/-- 9 - grant is inaugurated as the 18th u.s. president; colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 9 - james gordon bennett jr. commissions stanley to search for livingston in africa.
1869/--/-- 9 - john roebling designs the brooklyn bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 9 - louis riel leads the red river rebellion in canada.
1869/--/-- 9 - ludwig ii (mad ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in bavaria.
1869/--/-- 9 - philadelphia garment workers organize the knights of labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 9 - pope pius ix calls the first vatican council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 9 - russian composer modest mussorgsky begins work on his opera boris gudunov.
1869/--/-- 9 - suez canal opens
1869/--/-- 9 - the cincinnati red stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 9 - the suez canal is opened in egypt.
1869/--/-- 9 - the first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 9 - the transcontinental railroad is completed at promontory point, utah.
1869/--/-- 9 - ulysses s. grant (republican) becomes president of the united states
1869/--/-- 9 - union pacific meets central pacific
1870/--/-- 10 - american industrialist john d. rockefeller founds the standard oil company.
1870/--/-- 10 - french war minister leon gambetta escapes from besieged paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 10 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of troy.
1870/--/-- 10 - paraguayan dictator solano lopez dies, ending the war of the triple alliance.
1870/--/-- 10 - rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of italy.
1870/--/-- 10 - the franco-prussian war begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by bismark.
1870/--/-- 10 - the prussians defeat the french at sedan; napoleon iii is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 10 - the third republic is formed in france; a government of national defense is established.
1870/--/-- 10 - the city of miami is founded in florida.
1871/--/-- 11 - american explorer henry morton stanley finds dr. livingston in central africa.
1871/--/-- 11 - charles taze russell founds the jehovah's witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 11 - fire destroys one-third of the city of chicago.
1871/--/-- 11 - p.t barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 11 - the franco-prussian war ends; alsace and lorraine are ceded to germany.
1871/--/-- 11 - the french surrender to prussia incites the commune of paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 11 - the german empire is formally proclaimed at the palace of versailles.
1871/--/-- 11 - the paris commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 11 - trade unions legalized in britain
1872/--/-- 12 - american artist james mcneill whistler paints the portrait of the artist's mother.
1872/--/-- 12 - english author george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 12 - indian leader kintpuash leaves the modoc reservation; the modoc wars begin.
1872/--/-- 12 - monet paints impression: sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 12 - photographer eadweard muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 12 - the challenger expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 12 - the cities of buda and pest unite to form budapest (the capital of hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 12 - the death of kamehameha v ends the kamehameha dynasty of hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 12 - the first woman impressionist artist berthe morisot paints the cradle.
1873/--/-- 13 - englishman maj. walter clopton wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 13 - french novelist jules verne publishes around the world in eighty days.
1873/--/-- 13 - the pacific scandal in canada causes the collapse of the conservative government.
1873/--/-- 13 - the panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 14 - benjamin disraeli becomes the conservative prime minister of britain.
1874/--/-- 14 - english author thomas hardy publishes far from the madding crowd.
1874/--/-- 14 - first impressionist exhibit in paris
1874/--/-- 14 - french impressionist artist pierre auguste renoir paints la loge (the box).
1874/--/-- 14 - the comanche, kiowa and other indian tribes attack adobe walls in texas.
1874/--/-- 14 - the greenback party advocates currency reform in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 14 - the first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in paris.
1875/--/-- 15 - american author mark twain publishes tom sawyer.
1875/--/-- 15 - britain buys suez canal shares from the bankrupt egyptian leader ismail pasha.
1875/--/-- 15 - charles stewart parnell begins movement for irish independence
1875/--/-- 15 - georges bizet's opera carmen is performed in paris.
1875/--/-- 15 - mary baker eddy, founder of christian science, publishes science and health.
1875/--/-- 15 - the bourbon monarchy is restored in spain under alfonso xii.
1876/--/-- 16 - abd al-hamid ii assumes his rule as the last ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 16 - alexander graham bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 16 - alexander graham bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 16 - british philosopher herbert spencer begins publishing the principles of sociology.
1876/--/-- 16 - colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the union.
1876/--/-- 16 - general porfirio diaz seizes power as the dictator of mexico.
1876/--/-- 16 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of mycenae.
1876/--/-- 16 - impressionist artist alfred sisley paints flood at the port of marly.
1876/--/-- 16 - japan forces korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of china.
1876/--/-- 16 - johann strauss jr. composes his waltz the beautiful blue danube.
1876/--/-- 16 - national league founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 16 - queen victoria assumes the title of empress of india.
1876/--/-- 16 - sioux indians defeat general custer at the battle of little bighorn.
1876/--/-- 16 - sioux and cheyenne defeat custer at little big horn, montanna
1876/--/-- 16 - the bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of wagner's ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 16 - the u.s. centennial exposition of 1876 is held in fairmount park, philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 17 - britain annexes transvaal in south africa.
1877/--/-- 17 - chief joseph leads the nez perce tribe against the u.s. army.
1877/--/-- 17 - hayes is inaugurated as the 19th u.s. president; wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 17 - italian astronomer giovanni schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on mars.
1877/--/-- 17 - nez perce leave idaho for canada
1877/--/-- 17 - rutherford b. hayes (republican) becomes president of the united states
1877/--/-- 17 - tchaikovsky's swan lake is performed by the bolshoi ballet in moscow.
1877/--/-- 17 - the all-england lawn tennis championship is played at wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 17 - the japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by saigo takamori.
1877/--/-- 17 - thomas edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 17 - turkish suppression of balkan nationalists leads to a new russo-turkish war.
1878/--/-- 18 - ismail pasha presents cleopatra's needles to britain (1878) and the u.s. (1880).
1878/--/-- 18 - northern cheyenne escape indian territory
1878/--/-- 18 - serbia, montenegro and romania are granted independence from turkey.
1878/--/-- 18 - the congress of berlin reverses russian gains from the san stefano treaty.
1878/--/-- 18 - the d'oyly carte opera company performs gilbert and sullivan's h.m.s. pinafore.
1878/--/-- 18 - the russo-turkish war ends; the treaty of san stefano is imposed on turkey.
1878/--/-- 18 - the second anglo-afghan war begins.
1878/--/-- 18 - turkey's provinces of bosnia and hercegovina are placed under austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 19 - belgian king leopold ii sponsors henry morton stanley's expedition to the congo.
1879/--/-- 19 - cetewayo's zulus defeat the british at isandhlwana, but are beaten at ulundi.
1879/--/-- 19 - charles stewart parnell leads the home rule for ireland party.
1879/--/-- 19 - general roca defeats the patagonian indians, opening the pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 19 - impressionist artist edgar degas paints ballerina posing for a photograph.
1879/--/-- 19 - norwegian playwright henrik ibsen writes a doll's house.
1879/--/-- 19 - tawfiq pasha succeeds his father ismail pasha as khedive (viceroy) of egypt.
1879/--/-- 19 - territorial disputes lead to the war of the pacific between chile and peru.
1879/--/-- 19 - thomas edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 19 - thomas edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 20 - american impressionist artist mary cassatt exhibits a woman in black at the opera.
1880/--/-- 20 - australian bushranger ned kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 20 - boer (afrikaner) uprisings begin against the british in transvaal, south africa.
1880/--/-- 20 - france annexes the pacific island of tahiti.
1880/--/-- 20 - french novelist emile zola writes nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 20 - german composer jacques offenbach writes the opera tales of hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 20 - gladstone succeeds disraeli as british prime minister.
1880/--/-- 20 - russian composer peter ilich tchaikovsky writes the 1812 overture.
1881/--/-- 21 - alexander ii is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in russia.
1881/--/-- 21 - chester a. arthur (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 21 - chester a. arthur is inaugurated as the 21st u.s. president.
1881/--/-- 21 - ferdinand de lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the panama canal.
1881/--/-- 21 - garfield is inaugurated as the 20th u.s. president; arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 21 - james a. garfield (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 21 - japanese statesman itagaki taisuke founds the jiyuto (liberal party).
1881/--/-- 21 - lillie langtry, mistress of the prince of wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 21 - president garfield is assassinated by charles j. guiteau.
1881/--/-- 21 - the sudanese under mahdi muhammad ahmad overthrow egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 21 - the first u.s. tennis championship is held in newport, r.i.
1882/--/-- 22 - a triple alliance is established between austria, italy and germany.
1882/--/-- 22 - edison's new york plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 22 - impressionist artist edouard manet completes the bar at the folies-bergere.
1882/--/-- 22 - japanese statesman okuma shigenobu founds the kaishinto, or progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 22 - the british take control of egypt, suppressing uprisings against tawfiq pasha.
1882/--/-- 22 - the u.s. begins to restrict immigration with the chinese exclusion acts.
1883/--/-- 23 - buffalo bill cody organizes his wild west show.
1883/--/-- 23 - civil service established
1883/--/-- 23 - cyrus h. k. curtis publishes the lady's home journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 23 - german philosopher frederich wilhelm nietzsche begins thus spake zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 23 - maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 23 - paul kruger becomes president of the boer republic of the transvaal in south africa.
1883/--/-- 23 - russian scientist tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 23 - the brooklyn bridge is completed in new york.
1883/--/-- 23 - the fabian society is founded in london to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 23 - the island volcano of krakatoa explodes in indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 23 - the first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in chicago by william lebaron jenney.
1883/02/17 23 *** schmidt, karl paul & kruell, susanne [wife] - married
1884/--/-- 24 - 15 european nations partition africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 24 - american author mark twain publishes the adventures of huckleberry finn.
1884/--/-- 24 - belva lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a u.s. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 24 - german east africa is formed from rwanda, mozambique,tanzania and burundi.
1884/--/-- 24 - germany occupies south west africa (namibia).
1884/--/-- 24 - lewis e. waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 25 - boston symphony orchestra organizes its promenade concerts (the boston pops).
1885/--/-- 25 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 25 - french chemist louis pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 25 - general gordon is killed by mahdist forces at the siege of khartoum in sudan.
1885/--/-- 25 - gottlieb daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 25 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1885/--/-- 25 - j. k. stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 25 - louis pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 25 - the congo free state (zaire) becomes the possession of king leopold ii of belgium.
1885/--/-- 25 - the indian national congress movement is founded in bombay.
1886/--/-- 26 - apache indian chief geronimo surrenders to general nelson miles.
1886/--/-- 26 - britain makes burma a province of india after winning the anglo-burma war.
1886/--/-- 26 - british prime minister gladstone introduces an unsuccessful home rule bill for ireland.
1886/--/-- 26 - french sculptor auguste rodin completes the kiss.
1886/--/-- 26 - gold is discovered in transvaal, south africa.
1886/--/-- 26 - haymarket square labor riot in chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 26 - jose balmaceda becomes president of chile.
1886/--/-- 26 - samuel gompers organizes the american federation of labor.
1886/--/-- 26 - the anglo-german agreement recognizes german control over tanganyika (tanzania).
1886/--/-- 26 - the statue of liberty is unveiled in new york harbor.
1887/--/-- 27 - arthur conan doyle publishes the first sherlock holmes story.
1887/--/-- 27 - france creates the union of indochina (most of modern day vietnam and kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 27 - the michelson-morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 28 - a patent is issued to american inventor john h. loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 28 - american inventor george eastman introduces the kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 28 - britain unites its caribbean colonies of trinidad and tobago.
1888/--/-- 28 - dutch artist vincent van gogh paints still life with sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 28 - eastman's kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 28 - jack the ripper murders seven women in london.
1888/--/-- 28 - russian composer nikolai rimsky-korsakov writes scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 28 - the national geographic magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 28 - william ii succeeds frederick iii as emperor of germany.
1889/--/-- 29 - benjamin harrison (republican) becomes president of the united states
1889/--/-- 29 - benjamin harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd u.s. president.
1889/--/-- 29 - crown prince rudolf of austria commits suicide at mayerling.
1889/--/-- 29 - german revolutionary rosa luxemburg is exiled in switzerland.
1889/--/-- 29 - gustave eiffel designs the eiffel tower for the paris exposition.
1889/--/-- 29 - japan's first prime minister ito hirobumi introduces the meiji constitution.
1889/--/-- 29 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 29 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 29 - north dakota and south dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 29 - north dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 29 - pedro ii emperor of brazil is overthrown in a coup; brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 29 - south dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 29 - washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 30 - afl founded by s gompers
1890/--/-- 30 - american naval officer alfred mahan publishes the influence of sea power upon history.
1890/--/-- 30 - american psychologist william james publishes the principles of psychology.
1890/--/-- 30 - cecil rhodes becomes prime minister of the cape colony in south africa.
1890/--/-- 30 - claude debussy begins composing suite bergamasque, including clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 30 - dutch artist vincent van gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 30 - german chancellor otto von bismarck is dismissed by emperor william ii.
1890/--/-- 30 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 30 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 30 - indian poet rabindranath tagore publishes manasi (the mind's embodiment).
1890/--/-- 30 - photographer jacob riis documents new york's poor in how the other half lives.
1890/--/-- 30 - sherman antitrust act
1890/--/-- 30 - sioux indians are massacred at the battle of wounded knee.
1890/--/-- 30 - the british south africa company occupies zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the ndebele.
1890/--/-- 30 - the forth railway bridge is opened, replacing the brooklyn bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 30 - wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 30 - zanzibar becomes a british protectorate.
1890/10/03 30 *** schmidt, ferdinand [son] - born to schmidt, karl paul and kruell, susanne frankenthal/pfalz, germany
1891/--/-- 31 - anglo-irish author oscar wilde publishes his only novel the picture of dorian gray.
1891/--/-- 31 - english novelist thomas hardy writes tess of the d'urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 31 - eugene dubois discovers the first homo erectus remains on java in indonesia.
1891/--/-- 31 - french postimpressionist artist paul gauguin travels to tahiti.
1891/--/-- 31 - james naismith devises the game of basketball in springfield, mass.
1891/--/-- 31 - the american express company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1892/--/-- 32 - french artist henri de toulouse-lautrec paints at the moulin rouge.
1892/--/-- 32 - impressionist artist paul cezanne completes the card players.
1892/--/-- 32 - james j. corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from john l. sullivan.
1892/--/-- 32 - strike at carnegie steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 32 - the san francisco examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 32 - writer and political revolutionary jose marti founds the cuban revolutionary party.
1893/--/-- 33 - american artist louis comfort tiffany begins producing art nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 33 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 33 - france adds laos to "protectorate" of indochina
1893/--/-- 33 - france adds laos to the union of indochina.
1893/--/-- 33 - gladstone's second irish home rule bill is vetoed by the house of lords in britain.
1893/--/-- 33 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1893/--/-- 33 - queen liliuokalani is ousted in hawaii; sanford b. dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 33 - the ivory coast becomes a french colony.
1893/--/-- 33 - victor horta's tassel house in brussels initiates the art nouveau architectural style.
1894/--/-- 34 - britain establishes a protectorate over buganda and conquers the rest of uganda.
1894/--/-- 34 - czech decorative artist alfons mucha designs a poster of sarah bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 34 - dreyfus case splits france
1894/--/-- 34 - english artist aubrey beardsley illustrates oscar wilde's salome.
1894/--/-- 34 - english author rudyard kipling publishes the jungle book.
1894/--/-- 34 - percival lowell builds an observatory to study the martian canals.
1894/--/-- 34 - rebellion in korea begins the first sino-japanese war.
1894/--/-- 34 - the arrest of army captain albert dreyfus creates a political crisis in france.
1894/--/-- 34 - thousands of armenians are massacred in turkey.
1895/--/-- 35 - anglo-irish playwright oscar wilde writes the importance of being earnest.
1895/--/-- 35 - japan defeats china; the shimonoseki treaty establishes korean independence.
1895/--/-- 35 - louis and auguste lumiere show the first motion pictures to a paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 35 - russian revolutionary vladimir ilich lenin is exiled to siberia.
1895/--/-- 35 - sir henry irving becomes the first british actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 35 - the american bowling congress (abc) is founded.
1895/--/-- 35 - the cuban war of independence begins against spain; jose marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 35 - the jameson raid on the boer republic of transvaal increases anti-british hostility.
1895/--/-- 35 - the first list of best-selling books is published by the bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 35 - wilhelm rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 35 - x rays are discovered by german physicist wilhelm c. roentgen.
1896/--/-- 36 - a tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in japan.
1896/--/-- 36 - italian composer giacomo puccini writes the opera la boheme.
1896/--/-- 36 - john philip sousa composes the stars and stripes forever.
1896/--/-- 36 - king menelik ii defeats the italians at adwa, maintaining ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 36 - supreme court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 36 - the first modern olympic games are held at athens in greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 36 - utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the union.
1897/--/-- 37 - american comic strip the katzenjammer kids is begun by rudolph dirks.
1897/--/-- 37 - austrian artist gustav klimt helps to found the vienna secession group.
1897/--/-- 37 - british physician havelock ellis begins his studies in the psychology of sex.
1897/--/-- 37 - english author rudyard kipling publishes captains courageous.
1897/--/-- 37 - french dramatist edmond rostand writes cyrano de bergerac.
1897/--/-- 37 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the sleeping gypsy.
1897/--/-- 37 - mckinley is inaugurated as the 25th u.s. president; hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 37 - russian author anton chekhov writes the play uncle vanya.
1897/--/-- 37 - stanislavsky founds the moscow art theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 37 - the first subway un the u.s. opens in boston.
1897/--/-- 37 - theodor herzl organizes the world zionist congress at basel in switzerland.
1897/--/-- 37 - william mckinley (republican) becomes president of the united states
1898/--/-- 38 - anglo-irish playwright george bernard shaw publishes arms and the man.
1898/--/-- 38 - britain obtains a 99-year lease for hong kong from the chinese.
1898/--/-- 38 - commodore dewey destroys the spanish fleet in manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 38 - cuba occupied by u.s. and released
1898/--/-- 38 - english author h. g. wells publishes the war of the worlds.
1898/--/-- 38 - spain cedes puerto rico, guam and the philippines to the u.s. in the treaty of paris.
1898/--/-- 38 - spanish-american war, cuba, phillipines, us
1898/--/-- 38 - the boxer uprising begins in china; empress tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 38 - the british under kitchener defeat the mahdists at omdurman in sudan.
1898/--/-- 38 - the fashoda incident leads to a french withdrawal from the sudan.
1898/--/-- 38 - the spanish fleet is destroyed off cuba; spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 38 - the spanish-american war begins with a declaration of war by congress.
1898/--/-- 38 - the u.s. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of santiago.
1898/--/-- 38 - the u.s. battleship maine explodes in the spanish port of manila in the philippines.
1898/--/-- 38 - u.s. troops land on cuba; theodore roosevelt's rough riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 38 - william randolph hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-spanish feelings.
1899/--/-- 39 - american artist winslow homer paints the gulf stream.
1899/--/-- 39 - american composer scott joplin publishes his maple leaf rag.
1899/--/-- 39 - designer charles rennie mackintosh completes the glasgow school of art.
1899/--/-- 39 - english composer edward elgar writes the enigma variations.
1899/--/-- 39 - journalist and future statesman winston churchill escapes from boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 39 - sigmund freud "interpretation of dreams"
1899/--/-- 39 - the british under robert baden-powell are besieged by the boers at mafeking.
1899/--/-- 39 - the south african war begins between the boers (afrikaners) and the british.
1899/--/-- 39 - u.s. secretary of state john m. hay advocates an open door policy for china.
1900/--/-- 40 - american novelist theodore dreiser publishes his first novel sister carrie.
1900/--/-- 40 - an international force lifts the boxer siege of peking.
1900/--/-- 40 - british politician keir hardie helps to found the labour party.
1900/--/-- 40 - chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in peking during the boxer uprising.
1900/--/-- 40 - dutch physiologist willem einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 40 - hawaii is made a u.s. territory; sanford dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 40 - hector guimard uses art nouveau designs for the entrances to the paris metro.
1900/--/-- 40 - humbert i is assassinated; he is succeeded by victor emanuel iii as king of italy.
1900/--/-- 40 - italian author gabriele d'annunzio publishes the flame of life.
1900/--/-- 40 - james j. jeffries beats jim corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 40 - max planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 40 - psychoanalyst sigmund freud publishes the interpretation of dreams.
1900/--/-- 40 - sir arthur evans begins the excavation of the minoan palace at knossos, crete.
1900/--/-- 40 - the boers begin a guerrilla war against the british occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 40 - the british defeat the boer (afrikaner) armies in south africa and occupy pretoria.
1900/--/-- 40 - the u.s. wins the first davis cup tennis contest.
1901/--/-- 41 - a 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in russia.
1901/--/-- 41 - a stele bearing the code of hammurabi is discovered in susa, iran.
1901/--/-- 41 - american surgeon walter reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 41 - an american league of baseball is formed in competition to the national league.
1901/--/-- 41 - andrew carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 41 - britain incorporates ashanti territory into the gold coast (ghana).
1901/--/-- 41 - english author beatrix potter publishes her children's book the tale of peter rabbit.
1901/--/-- 41 - guglielmo marconi tests radio transmissions between england and newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 41 - king c. gillette founds the american safety razor company.
1901/--/-- 41 - pres. mckinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 41 - president mckinley is assassinated by the anarchist leon czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 41 - queen victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son edward vii.
1901/--/-- 41 - russia occupies manchuria in north-east china.
1901/--/-- 41 - sergei rachmaninoff writes his second piano concerto.
1901/--/-- 41 - sir edward elgar composes the first of his five pomp and circumstance marches.
1901/--/-- 41 - spanish painter pablo picasso's blue period begins.
1901/--/-- 41 - temperance advocate carry nation uses a hatchet to attack a kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 41 - the commonwealth of australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 41 - the first u.s. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 41 - theodore roosevelt (republican) becomes president of the united states
1901/--/-- 41 - theodore roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th u.s. president.
1901/--/-- 41 - victor l. berger and eugene v. debs help found the american socialist party.
1901/01/02 41 - edward vii succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1902/--/-- 42 - american artist robert henri paints the new york street scene west 57th street.
1902/--/-- 42 - conan doyle writes the sherlock holmes adventure the hound of the baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 42 - english author joseph conrad publishes heart of darkness.
1902/--/-- 42 - french filmmaker georges melies produces a trip to the moon.
1902/--/-- 42 - italian opera singer enrico caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 42 - maksim gorky's the lower depths is produced at the moscow art theater.
1902/--/-- 42 - oliver wendell holmes jr. is appointed to the u.s. supreme court.
1902/--/-- 42 - roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 42 - the photo-secession group is founded in new york by photographer alfred stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 42 - the treaty of vereeniging ends the south african war.
1902/08/-- 42 - edward vii crowned king of great britain and ireland and emperor of india at wes
1903/--/-- 43 - alexander, king of serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by peter i.
1903/--/-- 43 - american author jack london publishes the call of the wild.
1903/--/-- 43 - american novelist henry james publishes the ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 43 - bernard shaw's play man and superman is produced in london.
1903/--/-- 43 - colonel francis younghusband leads a british military expedition into tibet.
1903/--/-- 43 - edwin s. porter directs the pioneering western film the great train robbery.
1903/--/-- 43 - emmeline pankhurst founds the women's social and political union in britain.
1903/--/-- 43 - marie and pierre curie win the nobel prize for physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 43 - orville wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 43 - panama declares its independence from columbia; the u.s. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 43 - the rolls-royce automobile company is founded in britain.
1903/--/-- 43 - the u.s. acquires perpetual control over the panama canal zone.
1903/--/-- 43 - the first world series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 43 - vladimir ilich lenin organizes the bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 43 - wright bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 43 - world series nl pittsburgh (3) al boston (5)
1904/--/-- 44 - italian composer giacomo puccini's opera madame butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 44 - ivan pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the nobel prize.
1904/--/-- 44 - james barrie's play peter pan is produced in london.
1904/--/-- 44 - max weber publishes the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
1904/--/-- 44 - roosevelt asserts u.s. right to intervene in latin america
1904/--/-- 44 - russia and japan at war
1904/--/-- 44 - russian author anton chekhov's play the cherry orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 44 - territorial disputes in manchuria begin the russo-japanese war.
1904/--/-- 44 - the abbey theatre is founded in dublin.
1904/--/-- 44 - the new york city subway is opened.
1905/--/-- 45 - a general strike and revolution begin in russia; nicholas ii grants a constitution.
1905/--/-- 45 - albert einstein proposes special theory of relativity
1905/--/-- 45 - ambrose fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905/--/-- 45 - american humorist and actor will rogers makes his new york city debut.
1905/--/-- 45 - american labor leader eugene v. debs founds the industrial workers of the world.
1905/--/-- 45 - chinese revolutionary sun yat-sen founds the t'ung-meng hui (alliance society).
1905/--/-- 45 - ernst ludwig kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group die brucke.
1905/--/-- 45 - french territorial ambitions spark the first moroccan crisis.
1905/--/-- 45 - german physicist albert einstein proposes his special theory of relativity.
1905/--/-- 45 - german poet rainer maria rilke publishes the book of hours.
1905/--/-- 45 - henri matisse and andre derain form the fauves (wild beasts) art movement.
1905/--/-- 45 - psychologist alfred binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905/--/-- 45 - roosevelt begins his second term as u.s. president; fairbanks becomes vice-president.
1905/--/-- 45 - the cullinan diamond is found in south africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905/--/-- 45 - the russian fleet is destroyed by the japanese at the battle of tsushima.
1905/--/-- 45 - the sinn fein irish nationalist movement is founded by arthur griffith.
1905/--/-- 45 - the union of norway and sweden is dissolved; haakon vii is elected king of norway.
1905/--/-- 45 - w.e.b. du bois forms the niagara movement to demand full civil rights for black americans.
1905/--/-- 45 - mini-revolution in russia
1905/10/-- 45 - world series nl new york (4) al philadelphia (1)
1906/--/-- 46 - british author john galsworthy publishes the first novel of the forsythe saga.
1906/--/-- 46 - h.m.s. dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched.
1906/--/-- 46 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen traverses the northwest passage.
1906/--/-- 46 - the aga khan iii forms the all-india moslim league.
1906/--/-- 46 - the dreyfus affair ends with the pardoning of french army officer alfred dreyfus.
1906/--/-- 46 - the san francisco earthquake kills 700.
1906/--/-- 46 - under the platt amendment u.s. troops return to cuba to quell rebellion and restore order.
1906/--/-- 46 - upton sinclair's novel the jungle leads to the u.s. pure foods and drugs act.
1906/10/-- 46 - world series nl chicago (2) al chicago (4)
1907/--/-- 47 - a triple entente is formed between britain, france and russia.
1907/--/-- 47 - anna pavlova dances the dying swan, choreographed by mikhail fokine.
1907/--/-- 47 - irish playwright j.m. synge writes the playboy of the western world.
1907/--/-- 47 - lee de forest invents the triode, a key component for amplifying radio signals.
1907/--/-- 47 - oklahoma is inaugurated as the 46th state of the union.
1907/--/-- 47 - rasputin gains influence at the court of russian emperor nicholas ii.
1907/--/-- 47 - the panic of 1907 begins with the collapse of the u.s. stock market.
1907/--/-- 47 - the first ziegfeld follies are staged in new york city.
1907/10/-- 47 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (0)
1908/--/-- 48 - an earthquake at messina in italy kills 80,000.
1908/--/-- 48 - austria-hungary annexes bosnia and hercegovina.
1908/--/-- 48 - austrian artist gustav klimt paints the kiss.
1908/--/-- 48 - automaker william durant founds the general motors company.
1908/--/-- 48 - british soldier robert baden-powell founds the boy scout movement.
1908/--/-- 48 - filmmakers charles pathe and leon gaumont produce the first newsreel.
1908/--/-- 48 - ge patents electric toaster
1908/--/-- 48 - jack johnson becomes the first black heavyweight boxing champion.
1908/--/-- 48 - kenneth grahame publishes his children's story the wind in the willows.
1908/--/-- 48 - king leopold ii of the belgians establishes the independent state of congo in africa.
1908/--/-- 48 - liberal leader herbert asquith becomes prime minister of britain.
1908/--/-- 48 - mary baker eddy establishes the christian science monitor.
1908/--/-- 48 - pablo picasso and georges braque cofound the cubism art movement.
1908/--/-- 48 - the ashcan school of painters exhibit in new york city.
1908/--/-- 48 - the ford motor company produces the first model t automobile.
1908/--/-- 48 - the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) is founded.
1908/--/-- 48 - the tunguska fireball explodes in siberia with the force of a modern h-bomb.
1908/--/-- 48 - the young turk revolution in turkey leads to political reform.
1908/10/-- 48 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (1)
1909/--/-- 49 - american architect frank lloyd wright builds the robie house in chicago.
1909/--/-- 49 - american artist george bellows paints the prize fight scene stag at sharkey's.
1909/--/-- 49 - american explorer robert e. peary reaches the north pole.
1909/--/-- 49 - american poet william carlos williams publishes poems, his first book.
1909/--/-- 49 - american writer gertrude stein publishes three lives.
1909/--/-- 49 - french aviator louis bleriot makes the first flight across the english channel.
1909/--/-- 49 - naacp in nyc
1909/--/-- 49 - russian impresario serge diaghilev presents the ballet russe in paris.
1909/--/-- 49 - taft is inaugurated as the 27th u.s. president; sherman becomes vice-president.
1909/--/-- 49 - william howard taft (republican) becomes president of the united states
1909/10/-- 49 - world series nl pittsburgh (4) al detroit (3)
1910/--/-- 50 - british empire covers 1/5th of world land area
1910/--/-- 50 - british author arnold bennett publishes clayhanger.
1910/--/-- 50 - british politician winston churchill is appointed first lord of the admiralty.
1910/--/-- 50 - france groups four african territories together as french equatorial africa.
1910/--/-- 50 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the dream.
1910/--/-- 50 - french sculptor auguste rodin casts the bronze figure the thinker.
1910/--/-- 50 - fundamentalism begins with "five points"
1910/--/-- 50 - george v succeeds his father edward vii as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/--/-- 50 - german bacteriologist paul ehrlich synthesizes salversan, a cure for syphilis.
1910/--/-- 50 - italian artists led by umberto boccioni found the futurism movement.
1910/--/-- 50 - japanese forces annex korea.
1910/--/-- 50 - madero, villa and zapata lead a revolution against mexican dictator porfirio diaz.
1910/--/-- 50 - russian-born artist wassily kandinsky executes his first abstract painting.
1910/--/-- 50 - the art deco architectural and decorative arts style begins to become popular.
1910/--/-- 50 - the union of south africa is formed; louis botha becomes the first prime minister.
1910/05/-- 50 - george v succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/10/-- 50 - world series nl chicago (1) al philadelphia (4)
1911/--/-- 51 - american aviator glen curtiss flies the first successful seaplane.
1911/--/-- 51 - american novelist edith wharton publishes ethan frome.
1911/--/-- 51 - american songwriter irving berlin publishes alexander's ragtime band.
1911/--/-- 51 - elmer a. sperry designs the first american gyrocompass.
1911/--/-- 51 - english author g.k. chesterton publishes the first father brown story.
1911/--/-- 51 - german-american anthropologist franz boas publishes the mind of primitive man.
1911/--/-- 51 - hans geiger invents an electrical device to count individual alpha particles.
1911/--/-- 51 - italy's attempts to annex cyrenaica and tripolitania leads to the italo-turkish war.
1911/--/-- 51 - mexican dictator porfirio diaz is overthrown; francisco madero becomes president.
1911/--/-- 51 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen reaches the south pole ahead of robert scott.
1911/--/-- 51 - richard strauss' opera der rosenkavalier is performed for the first time.
1911/--/-- 51 - robert a millikan measures electron's charge
1911/--/-- 51 - russian artist marc chagall paints i and my village.
1911/--/-- 51 - sir ernest rutherford formulates his theory of atomic structure.
1911/--/-- 51 - the ch'ing dynasty is deposed in china; a republic is formed under sun yat-sen.
1911/--/-- 51 - the first film studio is established at hollywood in california.
1911/--/-- 51 - tibet declares its independence from china.
1911/--/-- 51 - willis carrier designs the first practical air conditioning system.
1911/06/02 51 - george v crowned king of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by randa
1911/10/-- 51 - world series nl new york (2) al philadelphia (4)
1912/--/-- 52 - american indian jim thorpe wins the olympic decathlon and pentathlon.
1912/--/-- 52 - american author edgar rice burroughs publishes tarzan of the apes.
1912/--/-- 52 - american writer willa cather publishes her first novel alexander's bridge.
1912/--/-- 52 - arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 52 - austrian psychologist alfred adler publishes the neurotic constitution.
1912/--/-- 52 - british explorers under scott reach the south pole but die during their return.
1912/--/-- 52 - french dada artist marcel duchamp paints nude descending a staircase.
1912/--/-- 52 - german geophysicist alfred wegener formulates his continental drift hypothesis.
1912/--/-- 52 - morocco is divided between france and spain after the second moroccan crisis.
1912/--/-- 52 - new mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state.
1912/--/-- 52 - new mexico is inaugurated as the 47th state; arizona is inaugurated as the 48th state.
1912/--/-- 52 - piltdown man is discovered in britain, beginning an elaborate scientific hoax.
1912/--/-- 52 - russian dancer vaslav nijinsky choreographs and dances in the afternoon of the faun.
1912/--/-- 52 - the balkan league begins the first balkan war against the ottoman empire.
1912/--/-- 52 - the liner titanic sinks after colliding with an iceberg on her maiden voyage.
1912/--/-- 52 - theodore roosevelt campaigns for the u.s. presidency under the bull moose ticket.
1912/10/-- 52 - world series nl new york (3) al boston (4)
1913/--/-- 53 - american poet robert frost publishes a boy's will.
1913/--/-- 53 - bertrand russell and a.e. whitehead publish principia mathematica.
1913/--/-- 53 - danish physicist niels bohr publishes his atomic theory.
1913/--/-- 53 - english novelist d.h. lawrence publishes sons and lovers.
1913/--/-- 53 - federal income tax is introduced in the u.s.
1913/--/-- 53 - igor stravinsky's ballet the rite of spring causes a scandal at the paris premiere.
1913/--/-- 53 - indian poet rabindranath tagore wins the nobel prize for literature.
1913/--/-- 53 - king george i of greece is assassinated; he is succeeded by constantine i
1913/--/-- 53 - marcel proust writes the first volume of remembrance of things past.
1913/--/-- 53 - marcel proust writes the first volume of remembrance of things past.
1913/--/-- 53 - medical missionary albert schweitzer builds a hospital at lambarene in africa.
1913/--/-- 53 - russian revolutionary joseph stalin is exiled to siberia by the tsarist government.
1913/--/-- 53 - samuel goldwyn founds his first movie company with jesse lasky and cecil b. de mille.
1913/--/-- 53 - socialists sidney and beatrice webb found the political journal the new statesman.
1913/--/-- 53 - the constructivism art movement begins in russia.
1913/--/-- 53 - the island of crete is united with greece.
1913/--/-- 53 - the second balkan war begins with a bulgarian attack on serbia.
1913/--/-- 53 - victoriano huerta leads a military coup in mexico; president francisco madero is killed.
1913/--/-- 53 - wilson is inaugurated as the 28th u.s. president; marshall becomes vice-president.
1913/--/-- 53 - woodrow wilson (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1913/--/-- 53 - woodrow wilson (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1913/10/-- 53 - world series nl new york (1) al philadelphia (4)
1914/--/-- 54 - a british expedition led by ernest shackleton is marooned in the antarctic.
1914/--/-- 54 - a german fleet defeats the british at coronel but is decimated at the falklands.
1914/--/-- 54 - archduke franz ferdinand is assassinated in sarajevo, precipitating world war i.
1914/--/-- 54 - austrian forces invade serbia but are repulsed with heavy losses.
1914/--/-- 54 - black composer w.c. handy writes the st. louis blues.
1914/--/-- 54 - charlie chaplin develops his little tramp character in a series of slapstick films.
1914/--/-- 54 - france, russia and britain (the allies) are at war with germany and austria-hungary.
1914/--/-- 54 - george bernard shaw's play pygmallion is performed for the first time.
1914/--/-- 54 - german forces invade belgium and france but are halted at the marne.
1914/--/-- 54 - german submarines begin to exact a heavy toll on allied shipping.
1914/--/-- 54 - japan joins the allies and captures the german base of tsingtao in china.
1914/--/-- 54 - mack sennett produces comedy films starring the keystone kops.
1914/--/-- 54 - parisian couturier coco chanel begins designing clothes.
1914/--/-- 54 - president wilson declares u.s. neutrality in world war i.
1914/--/-- 54 - russian forces invade east prussia but are defeated at the battle of tannenberg.
1914/--/-- 54 - the panama canal is completed, connecting the atlantic and pacific oceans.
1914/--/-- 54 - turkey declares war on the allies; britain annexes turkish cyprus.
1914/--/-- 54 - u.s. marines land at veracruz in mexico; president huerta resigns.
1914/--/-- 54 - world war i begins
1914/10/-- 54 - world series nl boston (4) al philadelphia (0)
1915/--/-- 55 - a german submarine torpedoes the british liner lusitania; 124 americans are killed.
1915/--/-- 55 - albert einstein formulates his general theory of relativity.
1915/--/-- 55 - anglo-french forces land at gallipoli in an attempt to force turkey out of the war.
1915/--/-- 55 - austrian writer franz kafka publishes the metamorphosis.
1915/--/-- 55 - d. w. griffith's movie the birth of a nation is shown for the first time.
1915/--/-- 55 - emiliano zapata and pancho villa lead rebellions against venustiano carranza in mexico.
1915/--/-- 55 - english author somerset maugham publishes of human bondage.
1915/--/-- 55 - german zeppelin airships begin bombing attacks on britain.
1915/--/-- 55 - italy joins the allies and invades austrian territory.
1915/--/-- 55 - president wilson recognizes the mexican government of venustiano carranza.
1915/--/-- 55 - serbia is overrun by the combined forces of austria, germany and bulgaria.
1915/--/-- 55 - the anzacs (australian and new zealand army corps) fight at gallipoli.
1915/--/-- 55 - the dada art and literary movement is formed.
1915/--/-- 55 - the germans use poison gas for the first time at ypres on the western front.
1915/--/-- 55 - u.s. marines land in haiti, beginning a 20-year period of military occupation.
1915/--/-- 55 - war poet rupert brooke's 1914 and other poems is published in the year he dies.
1915/10/-- 55 - world series nl philadelphia (1) al boston (4)
1916/--/-- 56 - albert einstein proposes general theory of relativity
1916/--/-- 56 - allied forces withdraw from gallipoli after strong turkish opposition.
1916/--/-- 56 - american poet carl sandburg publishes his first book chicago poems.
1916/--/-- 56 - british forces assault the german line at the somme; tanks are used for the first time.
1916/--/-- 56 - german assaults at verdun are repulsed by the french with great loss of life.
1916/--/-- 56 - james joyce publishes a portrait of the artist as a young man.
1916/--/-- 56 - jeannette rankin becomes the first female member of u.s. house of representatives.
1916/--/-- 56 - lloyd george becomes prime minister of britain's wartime coalition government.
1916/--/-- 56 - margaret sanger is arrested for opening a birth-control clinic in brooklyn.
1916/--/-- 56 - north sea storms flood lowlands in the netherlands, 10,000 lives are lost.
1916/--/-- 56 - t. tzara dada
1916/--/-- 56 - the british and german fleets clash at the battle of jutland.
1916/--/-- 56 - the easter rising in dublin is suppressed within a week by the british.
1916/--/-- 56 - the russian brusilov offensive meets with success on the eastern front.
1916/--/-- 56 - the trans-siberian railway is completed -- the longest continuous rail line in the world.
1916/--/-- 56 - u.s. marines land in santo domingo to quell unrest; the occupation lasts until 1924.
1916/--/-- 56 - u.s. troops under pershing invade mexico in retaliation for raids by pancho villa.
1916/10/-- 56 - world series nl brooklyn (1) al boston (4)
1917/--/-- 57 - adoption of the convoy system reduces allied losses to german submarines.
1917/--/-- 57 - anglo-american poet t.s. eliot publishes the love song of j. alfred prufrock.
1917/--/-- 57 - art critic and writer guillaume apollinaire coins the term surrealism.
1917/--/-- 57 - astrophysicist karl schwarzschild develops the black hole theory.
1917/--/-- 57 - blacks migrate north and west
1917/--/-- 57 - british forces attack the germans in the third battle of ypres.
1917/--/-- 57 - british forces under allenby capture jerusalem and bagdhad from the turks.
1917/--/-- 57 - dutch artists theo van doesburg and piet mondrian found the magazine de stijl.
1917/--/-- 57 - english composer gustav holst completes the planets.
1917/--/-- 57 - english humorist p.g. wodehouse creates bertie wooster and his butler jeeves.
1917/--/-- 57 - germany announces the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare.
1917/--/-- 57 - italian forces are defeated by austria at the battle of caporetto.
1917/--/-- 57 - russian revolutions: communist u.s.s.r. formed
1917/--/-- 57 - selective service act creates draft
1917/--/-- 57 - swiss psychiatrist carl jung publishes the psychology of the unconscious.
1917/--/-- 57 - t.e. lawrence (lawrence of arabia) leads the arab revolt against the turks.
1917/--/-- 57 - the balfour declaration endorses a jewish national homeland in palestine.
1917/--/-- 57 - the germans and the bolshevik leaders sign an armistice at brest-litovsk.
1917/--/-- 57 - the germans help lenin return to russia from exile in switzerland.
1917/--/-- 57 - the jones act gives all puerto ricans the right to u.s. citizenship.
1917/--/-- 57 - the russian revolution begins; emperor nicholas ii abdicates.
1917/--/-- 57 - the u.s. purchases the virgin islands from denmark.
1917/--/-- 57 - the united states declares war on germany.
1917/--/-- 57 - the zimmermann note proposing a secret mexican alliance with germany is revealed.
1917/--/-- 57 - the disastrous nivelle offensive leads to mutinies in the french army.
1917/--/-- 57 - the earliest jazz recordings are made in new york city.
1917/--/-- 57 - the first pulitzer prizes are awarded for journalism, letters and music.
1917/--/-- 57 - the provisional kerensky government is deposed; bolsheviks seize power in russia.
1917/03/03 57 *** schmidt, ferdinand [son] & kuhner, emma berta - married
1917/08/16 57 *** schmidt, karl ferdinand [grandson] - born to schmidt, ferdinand and kuhner, emma berta mannheim, germany
1917/10/-- 57 - world series nl new york (2) al chicago (4)
1918/--/-- 58 - advances by french, british and american armies force a general german retreat.
1918/--/-- 58 - american astronomer harlow shapley discovers the dimensions of the milky way.
1918/--/-- 58 - american author booth tarkington writes the magnificent ambersons.
1918/--/-- 58 - american forcesunder pershing help to stem the german offensive.
1918/--/-- 58 - an airmail service begins among new york, philadelphia and washington, d.c.
1918/--/-- 58 - an influenza pandemic begins (it kills 21-22 million in 2 years).
1918/--/-- 58 - austria, poland and czechoslovakia become republics in the aftermath of world war i.
1918/--/-- 58 - bloomsbury group member lytton strachey publishes eminent victorians.
1918/--/-- 58 - bolshevik leader leon trotsky organizes the red army.
1918/--/-- 58 - civil war breaks out between the red and white russian armies.
1918/--/-- 58 - french composer erik satie writes socrate.
1918/--/-- 58 - german air ace manfred von richthofen (the red baron) is shot down and killed.
1918/--/-- 58 - nicholas ii, the last emperor of russia, and his family are executed by the bolsheviks.
1918/--/-- 58 - revolution breaks out in germany; emperor william ii flees to the netherlands.
1918/--/-- 58 - shapley determines sun is part of milky way galaxy
1918/--/-- 58 - the germans renew their assault on the western front in the ludendorff offensive.
1918/--/-- 58 - the weimar republic negotiates an armistice for germany, ending world war i.
1918/--/-- 58 - the world's largest telescope is installed at mount wilson observatory.
1918/--/-- 58 - women over 30 win the vote in britain.
1918/10/-- 58 - world series nl chicago (2) al boston (4)
1919/--/-- 59 - boxer jack dempsey knocks out jess willard to become heavyweight champion.
1919/--/-- 59 - british troops massacre demonstrators at amritsar in india.
1919/--/-- 59 - english aviators alcock and brown make the first nonstop transatlantic flight.
1919/--/-- 59 - french tennis star suzanne lenglen wins the wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1919/--/-- 59 - george gershwin composes his first hit song swanee.
1919/--/-- 59 - german communist rosa luxemburg is murdered after the sparticus uprising.
1919/--/-- 59 - italian leader benito mussolini organizes his fascist movement.
1919/--/-- 59 - jan smuts succeeds louis botha as prime minister of south africa.
1919/--/-- 59 - lady astor becomes the first woman member of the british house of commons.
1919/--/-- 59 - league of nations
1919/--/-- 59 - mexican revolutionary emiliano zapata is killed.
1919/--/-- 59 - russian-american anarchist emma goldman is deported to the soviet union.
1919/--/-- 59 - the bauhaus school of design is founded in germany by walter gropius.
1919/--/-- 59 - the chicago white sox conspire to fix the baseball world series.
1919/--/-- 59 - the german fleet is scuttled at scapa flow in the orkney islands.
1919/--/-- 59 - the league of nations is formed with geneva in switzerland as its headquarters.
1919/--/-- 59 - the paris peace conference opens at versailles.
1919/--/-- 59 - the polish-soviet war begins over territorial disputes.
1919/--/-- 59 - the radio corporation of america (rca) is formed.
1919/--/-- 59 - versailles peace treaty
1919/--/-- 59 - world war i ends
1919/10/-- 59 - world series nl cincinnati (5) al chicago (3)
1920/--/-- 60 - 18th amendment prohibits alcohol
1920/--/-- 60 - 19th amendment gives women right to vote
1920/--/-- 60 - a home rule bill establishes parliaments for northern and southern ireland.
1920/--/-- 60 - admiral miklos horthy is appointed regent of hungary.
1920/--/-- 60 - adolf hitler forms the national socialist german workers' (nazi) party.
1920/--/-- 60 - american novelist sinclair lewis publishes main street.
1920/--/-- 60 - american tennis star bill tilden wins the wimbledon tournament for the first time.
1920/--/-- 60 - arturo alessandri becomes president of chile.
1920/--/-- 60 - british east africa becomes a crown colony as kenya.
1920/--/-- 60 - chaim weizmann is named president of the world zionist organization.
1920/--/-- 60 - dutch artist piet mondrian paints the composition with red, yellow and blue.
1920/--/-- 60 - french art deco glassmaker rene lalique opens a glass factory.
1920/--/-- 60 - german east africa is transferred to british control as tanganyika (now tanzania).
1920/--/-- 60 - mahatma gandhi begins a noncooperation campaign against british rule in india.
1920/--/-- 60 - mexican president venustiano carranza is deposed and killed by alvaro obregon.
1920/--/-- 60 - mystery writer agatha christie publishes her first hercule poirot story.
1920/--/-- 60 - russian artist aleksandr rodchenko designs the first mobile.
1920/--/-- 60 - the 18th amendment institutes the prohibition of alcohol throughout the u.s.
1920/--/-- 60 - the 19th amendment to the u.s. constitution gives women the right to vote.
1920/--/-- 60 - the russian civil war ends with victory for the bolsheviks.
1920/--/-- 60 - the u.s. senate votes against joining the league of nations.
1920/10/-- 60 - world series nl brooklyn (2) al cleveland (5)
1921/--/-- 61 - alexander rules the new kingdom of serbs, croats and slovenes.
1921/--/-- 61 - american anarchists nicola sacco and bartolomeo vanzetti are found guilty of murder.
1921/--/-- 61 - berber tribes under abd el-krim attack garrisons in spanish morocco.
1921/--/-- 61 - french cubist artist fernand leger paints three women.
1921/--/-- 61 - german surrealist artist max ernst paints l'elephant celebes.
1921/--/-- 61 - harding is inaugurated as the 29th u.s. president; coolidge becomes vice-president.
1921/--/-- 61 - japanese premier hara takashi is assassinated.
1921/--/-- 61 - latin lover rudolph valentino stars in the silent film the sheik.
1921/--/-- 61 - luigi pirandello's play six characters in search of an author is produced.
1921/--/-- 61 - mexican artist diego rivera begins painting murals depicting contemporary mexican life.
1921/--/-- 61 - the british broadcasting corporation (bbc) is created by royal charter.
1921/--/-- 61 - the irish free state becomes a self-governing dominion of britain.
1921/--/-- 61 - the reparations commission fixes germany's liability at 132 billion gold marks.
1921/--/-- 61 - w. l. mackenzie king is elected prime minister of canada for the first time.
1921/--/-- 61 - warren g. harding (republican) becomes president of the united states
1921/10/-- 61 - world series nl new york (5) al new york (3)
1922/--/-- 62 - anglo-american poet t.s. eliot writes the waste land.
1922/--/-- 62 - constantine i abdicates as king of greece; is succeeded by george ii.
1922/--/-- 62 - dewitt wallace launches reader's digest magazine.
1922/--/-- 62 - egypt achieves independence from britain and becomes a monarchy under fuad i.
1922/--/-- 62 - emily post publishes etiquette in society, in business, in politics, and at home.
1922/--/-- 62 - english egyptologist howard carter excavates tutankhamen's tomb.
1922/--/-- 62 - english composer william walton composes facade.
1922/--/-- 62 - explorer roy chapman andrews discovers the first fossil dinosaur eggs in the gobi desert.
1922/--/-- 62 - irish poet and novelist james joyce publishes ulysses.
1922/--/-- 62 - irish revolutionary statesman michael collins is assassinated.
1922/--/-- 62 - kemal ataturk's attempts to restore turkish territory leads to the chanak crisis.
1922/--/-- 62 - mahatma gandhi is imprisoned for civil disobedience in india.
1922/--/-- 62 - robert flaherty produces the first major film documentary nanook of the north.
1922/--/-- 62 - the fascists march on rome; king victor emmanuel iii names mussolini prime minister.
1922/--/-- 62 - william t. cosgrave becomes the first prime minister of the irish free state.
1922/10/-- 62 - world series nl new york (4) al new york (0)
1923/--/-- 63 - "king" oliver's creole jazz band is the first black band to be recorded.
1923/--/-- 63 - adolf hitler's coup d'etat in munich fails; he is captured and imprisoned.
1923/--/-- 63 - aircraft designer willy messerschmitt opens a factory in germany.
1923/--/-- 63 - american poet e. e. cummings writes the novel the enormous room.
1923/--/-- 63 - briton hadden and henry r. luce found the weekly newsmagazine time.
1923/--/-- 63 - calvin coolidge (republican) becomes president of the united states
1923/--/-- 63 - child violinist yehudi menuhin makes his public debut at age 7.
1923/--/-- 63 - filmmaker cecil b. de mille directs the biblical epic the ten commandments.
1923/--/-- 63 - french and belgian troops occupy the ruhr to enforce german war reparations.
1923/--/-- 63 - general miguel primo de rivera rules as dictator of spain.
1923/--/-- 63 - irish poet william butler yeats wins the nobel prize for literature.
1923/--/-- 63 - italy becomes first fascist state
1923/--/-- 63 - jewish philosopher martin buber publishes ich und du (i and thou).
1923/--/-- 63 - physicist hermann oberth publishes the rocket into planetary space.
1923/--/-- 63 - spanish engineer juan de la cierva invents the autogiro.
1923/--/-- 63 - stanley baldwin becomes conservative prime minister of britain for the first time.
1923/--/-- 63 - the treaty of lausanne establishes the boundaries of modern turkey.
1923/--/-- 63 - tokyo and yokohama are destroyed by an earthquake; 100,000 are killed.
1923/--/-- 63 - turkey is declared a republic; ataturk kemal becomes the first president.
1923/--/-- 63 - vladimir zworykin patents the iconoscope, the first television transmission tube.
1923/--/-- 63 - warren g. harding dies; calvin coolidge is inaugurated as the 30th u.s. president.
1923/10/-- 63 - world series nl new york (2) al new york (4)
1924/--/-- 64 - adolf hitler publishes his nazi political tract mein kampf (my battle).
1924/--/-- 64 - arab leader ibn saud drives the hashimites from mecca.
1924/--/-- 64 - english novelist e.m. forster publishes a passage to india.
1924/--/-- 64 - french physicist louis de broglie proposes the wavelength nature of particles.
1924/--/-- 64 - german novelist thomas mann publishes the magic mountain.
1924/--/-- 64 - j. edgar hoover is appointed director of the bureau of investigation (renamed the fbi).
1924/--/-- 64 - ramsay macdonald forms the first labour government in britain.
1924/--/-- 64 - schrodinger proposes wave mechanics
1924/--/-- 64 - soviet leader lenin dies; new leader joseph stalin begins a purge of his opponents.
1924/--/-- 64 - the boston bruins become the first professional ice hockey team.
1924/--/-- 64 - the military declare a republic in greece; king george ii is exiled.
1924/--/-- 64 - u.s. congress investigates suspicious dealings in the teapot dome scandal.
1924/10/-- 64 - world series nl new york (3) al washington (4)
1925/--/-- 65 - ahmed zogu proclaims albania a monarchy and rules as king zog.
1925/--/-- 65 - american writer f. scott fitzgerald publishes the great gatsby.
1925/--/-- 65 - american writer john dos passos publishes manhattan transfer.
1925/--/-- 65 - astronomer edwin hubble composes a classification scheme for galaxies.
1925/--/-- 65 - automaker walter p. chrysler founds the chrysler corporation.
1925/--/-- 65 - black american dancer josephine baker stars in la revue negre in paris.
1925/--/-- 65 - clarence birdseye begins marketing his quick-frozen food packages.
1925/--/-- 65 - friedrich ebert dies; paul von hindenburg becomes president of the german republic.
1925/--/-- 65 - john t. scopes is tried in tennessee for teaching the theory of evolution.
1925/--/-- 65 - reza shah pahlavi rules as shah of iran.
1925/--/-- 65 - russian filmmaker sergei eisenstein directs the battleship potemkin.
1925/--/-- 65 - swiss-born artist paul klee paints fish magic.
1925/--/-- 65 - the locarno pact finalizes the treaties between the world war i protagonists.
1925/--/-- 65 - the new yorker magazine is founded in new york city.
1925/--/-- 65 - the all-black revue runnin' wild introduces the charleston dance craze.
1925/08/14 65 *** schmidt, karl paul - died
1925/10/-- 65 - world series nl pittsburgh (4) al washington (3)
in 1859 transportation was by:
foot
horse
bicycle
train
steamboat
by 1925 transportation was by:
balloon
car & bus
propeller airplane
in addition.
in 1859 communications was by:
word of mouth
post office
telegraph
by 1925 communications was by:
telephone
in addition.
in 1859 food preparation was by:
wood
by 1925 food preparation was by:
gas
in addition.
in 1859 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
radio
television
theme parks
computer
in 1859 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1859 war making was by:
calvary
gun
artillery
submarine
by 1925 war making was by:
machine guns
tank
iron clad ships
tnt
mines
chemical agents
aeroplane
in addition.
by 1925 war making by:
calvary
had been discontinued.
in 1859 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
by 1925 navigation was by:
radio signals
in addition.
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