...date... age event
1578/--/-- 0 *** bristow, robert clifton - born
1578/--/-- 0 - english dramatist john lyly writes euphues, the anatomy of wit.
1578/--/-- 0 - king sebastian of portugal is killed by muslims at alcazrquivir in morocco.
1578/--/-- 0 - the christian catacombs are rediscovered in rome.
1579/--/-- 1 - english explorer francis drake discovers san francisco bay.
1580/--/-- 2 - french writer michel de montaigne publishes his essays.
1580/--/-- 2 - philip ii of spain invades portugal.
1580/--/-- 2 - witches are persecuted throughout western europe.
1581/--/-- 3 - beaujoyeux's ballet comique de la reigne is performed in paris.
1581/--/-- 3 - the dutch republic is founded after the union of utrecht.
1581/--/-- 3 - the russian conquest of siberia begins with the expedition of yermak timofeyevich.
1582/--/-- 4 - geographer richard hakluyt publishes an account of the discovery of america.
1582/--/-- 4 - the gregorian calendar is introduced into catholic countries by pope gregory xiii.
1583/--/-- 5 - edinburgh university is founded in scotland.
1583/--/-- 5 - japanese leader hideyoshi builds osaka castle.
1583/--/-- 5 - sir humphrey gilbert claims newfoundland for england.
1584/--/-- 6 - russian tsar ivan the terrible dies.
1584/--/-- 6 - walter raleigh and richard grenville organize english colonizing ventures to north america.
1584/--/-- 6 - william i, leader of the dutch revolt, is assassinated.
1585/--/-- 7 - england is at war with spain (until 1604).
1585/--/-- 7 - john davis discovers davis strait between greenland and north america.
1585/--/-- 7 - roanoke island in north carolina is settled as the first english colony in virginia.
1586/--/-- 8 - mary, queen of scots, is found guilty of treason and executed (1587).
1586/--/-- 8 - pipe smoking is introduced into england.
1587/--/-- 9 - francis drake attacks the spanish fleet in cadiz harbor.
1587/--/-- 9 - japanese leader hideyoshi bans christian missionaries.
1588/--/-- 10 - christian iv succeeds frederick ii as king of denmark.
1588/--/-- 10 - the catholic league expels henry iii from paris.
1588/--/-- 10 - the spanish armada is defeated by the english navy.
1588/--/-- 10 - timothy bright composes the first manual of shorthand.
1589/--/-- 11 - galileo galilei is made professor of mathematics at pisa.
1589/--/-- 11 - henry iii is assassinated; he is succeeded by henry iv as king of france.
1590/--/-- 12 - christopher marlowe's drama tamburlaine the great is published in london.
1590/--/-- 12 - english poet edmund spenser begins the faerie queene.
1590/--/-- 12 - hideyoshi completes the unification of japan.
1590/--/-- 12 - viete, inventor of symbolic algebra, writes his introduction to the analytic art.
1590/--/-- 12 - william shakespeare begins writing plays about this time.
1591/--/-- 13 - the roanoke colony dies out in north carolina.
1591/--/-- 13 - the songhai empire is destroyed by the moroccan army.
1592/--/-- 14 - elizabeth i founds trinity college in dublin.
1592/--/-- 14 - italian philosopher giordano bruno is imprisoned for heresy.
1592/--/-- 14 - london theaters are closed because of the plague.
1592/--/-- 14 - playwright christopher marlowe writes doctor faustus.
1592/--/-- 14 - thomas kyd writes his revenge play the spanish tragedy.
1593/--/-- 15 - english theologian richard hooker publishes his laws of ecclesiastical polity.
1593/--/-- 15 - henry iv of france converts to catholicism.
1594/--/-- 16 - henry iv of france captures paris.
1594/--/-- 16 - jacopo peri's dafne, the first opera, is performed in italy about this time.
1595/--/-- 17 - hugh o'neill leads a rebellion against the english in ireland.
1596/--/-- 18 - warsaw is established as the capital of poland.
1597/--/-- 19 - english composer john dowland publishes his first booke of songes.
1597/--/-- 19 - spanish artist el greco paints the agony in the garden.
1598/--/-- 20 - abbas i of persia (iran) defeats the uzbeks at herat.
1598/--/-- 20 - boris godunov becomes tsar of russia; the time of troubles begin.
1598/--/-- 20 - english playwright ben jonson writes every man in his humour.
1598/--/-- 20 - john florio produces an italian-english dictionary.
1598/--/-- 20 - philip iii succeeds philip ii as king of spain.
1598/--/-- 20 - the edict of nantes grants french huguenots equal rights with catholics.
1599/--/-- 21 - the earl of essex is imprisoned for negotiating a truce with the irish rebels.
1599/--/-- 21 - the globe theater is built in london.
1600/--/-- 22 - a charter is granted to the east india company by queen elizabeth i.
1600/--/-- 22 - giordano bruno is burned at the stake in rome for heretical writing.
1600/--/-- 22 - hans and zacharias jannsen construct the first microscope about this time.
1600/--/-- 22 - maurice of nassau defeats the austrian army at nieuport.
1600/--/-- 22 - the baroque period in art and architecture begins in italy about this time.
1600/--/-- 22 - wigs become fashionable at european courts about this time.
1600/--/-- 22 - william gilbert publishes his treatise on magnetism.
1601/--/-- 23 - italian artist caravaggio paints the conversion of st. paul.
1601/--/-- 23 - jesuit missionary matteo ricci arrives in peking.
1601/--/-- 23 - manchurian leader nurhachi unites the manchu tribes under the banner system.
1601/--/-- 23 - the earl of essex is executed by elizabeth i after his rebellion fails.
1601/--/-- 23 - the gobelins tapestry factory is established in paris.
1602/--/-- 24 - abbas i leads persia (iran) in a holy war against the ottoman turks.
1602/--/-- 24 - bartholomew gosnold explores the new england coast and names cape cod.
1602/--/-- 24 - the bodleian library, the first public library in europe, opens in oxford, england
1602/--/-- 24 - the dutch east india company is founded.
1603/--/-- 25 - ieyasu founds the tokugawa shogunate in japan.
1603/--/-- 25 - queen elizabeth i dies; she is succeeded by james i (james iv of scotland).
1603/--/-- 25 - the first kabuki performance is given in japan.
1603/--/-- 25 - william shakespeare's play hamlet is performed for the first time.
1603/07/05 25 - james i crowned king of england at westminster abbey by john whitgift, archbisho
1604/--/-- 26 *** bristow, robert [son] - born to bristow, robert clifton and mitts, cleo brinstead, south hampton, england
1604/--/-- 26 - a false dmitry lays claim to the russian throne during the "time of troubles."
1604/--/-- 26 - charles ix is crowned king of sweden.
1604/--/-- 26 - england and spain are at peace after 19 years of war.
1604/--/-- 26 - flemish artist carel van mander publishes a handbook for painters het schilderboeck.
1604/--/-- 26 - hieronymus fabricius writes de formata foctu, a study of human embryology.
1604/--/-- 26 - the french east india company is founded.
1604/--/-- 26 - the spanish capture the dutch city of ostend after a 3-year siege.
1605/--/-- 27 - english philosopher francis bacon publishes the advancement of learning.
1605/--/-- 27 - jahangir succeeds akbar as mogul emperor of india.
1605/--/-- 27 - spanish writer cervantes publishes part one of don quixote.
1605/--/-- 27 - the english claim barbados in the west indies.
1605/--/-- 27 - the gunpowder plot to blow up the english parliament is discovered.
1605/--/-- 27 - the first french settlement in north america is founded at port royal in nova scotia.
1606/--/-- 28 - ben jonson's play volpone is performed for the first time.
1607/--/-- 29 - claudio monteverdi's first opera orfeo is performed.
1607/--/-- 29 - john smith founds the first english colony at jamestown in virginia.
1608/--/-- 30 - emperor rudolf ii cedes hungary to his brother matthias.
1608/--/-- 30 - girolamo frescobaldi is appointed as organist at st. peter's in rome.
1608/--/-- 30 - italian scientist galileo galilei assembles an astronomical telescope.
1608/--/-- 30 - samuel de champlain founds a french settlement in quebec.
1608/--/-- 30 - the first telescope is invented by dutch optician hans lippershey.
1609/--/-- 31 - a truce with spain gives the united provinces (the netherlands) virtual independence.
1609/--/-- 31 - johannes kepler publishes his first law of planetary motion in new astronomy.
1609/--/-- 31 - spanish playwright lope de vega publishes the new art of writing plays.
1609/--/-- 31 - the english colonize bermuda.
1609/--/-- 31 - the spanish found santa fe in new mexico.
1610/--/-- 32 - ben jonson's play the alchemist is performed for the first time.
1610/--/-- 32 - english navigator henry hudson becomes the first european to explore hudson bay.
1610/--/-- 32 - galileo galilei publishes his first stellar observations in the starry messenger.
1610/--/-- 32 - henry iv of france is assassinated; he is succeeded by his son louis xiii.
1610/--/-- 32 - maximilian of bavaria forms the catholic league to oppose the protestant union.
1610/--/-- 32 - the polish army of sigismund iii invades russia and captures moscow.
1611/--/-- 33 - an edition of the bible authorized by king james i is completed in england.
1611/--/-- 33 - christian iv of denmark declares war on sweden.
1611/--/-- 33 - english and scottish protestants settle in ireland under the ulster plantation.
1611/--/-- 33 - gustav ii adolf succeeds charles ix as king of sweden.
1612/--/-- 34 - john webster's tragedy the white devil is produced.
1612/--/-- 34 - matthias succeeds his brother rudolf ii as holy roman emperor.
1613/--/-- 35 - gabor bethlen becomes prince of transylvania.
1613/--/-- 35 - gustav ii adolf ends the war of kalmar with denmark and attacks russia.
1613/--/-- 35 - michael becomes tsar of russia, founding the romanov dynasty.
1613/--/-- 35 - virginia colonists destroy french settlements in maine and nova scotia.
1614/--/-- 36 - james i dissolves the addled parliament in england.
1614/--/-- 36 - pocahontas, a north american indian princess, marries english settler john rolfe.
1614/--/-- 36 - scottish mathematician john napier publishes marvelous canon of logarithms.
1614/--/-- 36 - sir walter raleigh writes his history of the world.
1615/--/-- 37 - coffee is introduced into italy from turkey.
1615/--/-- 37 - manchu tribes in china expand to eight banners (military regions) under nurhachi.
1615/--/-- 37 - the dutch seize the spice islands (the moluccas) from the portuguese.
1615/--/-- 37 - the first english language reference is made to tea.
1616/--/-- 38 - a smallpox epidemic decimates the indian population in new england.
1616/--/-- 38 - cardinal richelieu becomes minister of state for foreign affairs in france.
1616/--/-- 38 - emperor ieyasu of japan dies; he is succeeded by his son hidetada.
1616/--/-- 38 - the catholic church issues an edict against copernicanism.
1616/--/-- 38 - william baffin searches for the northwest passage and discovers baffin bay.
1617/--/-- 39 - the treaty of stolbovo ends the war between russia and sweden.
1617/--/-- 39 - tobacco is established as the major industry in north america.
1618/--/-- 40 - conflict between catholic and protestant states begins the thirty years' war.
1618/--/-- 40 - james i orders the execution of sir walter raleigh.
1619/--/-- 41 - dutch ships bring the first negro slaves to the colony of virginia.
1619/--/-- 41 - ferdinand ii is elected holy roman emperor and king of bohemia.
1619/--/-- 41 - inigo jones designs the banqueting house at whitehall, london.
1619/--/-- 41 - louis xiii of france defeats the supporters of his mother maria de medicis.
1619/--/-- 41 - spanish artist diego velazquez paints the water seller of seville.
1619/--/-- 41 - the bohemians depose ferdinand and elect frederick v (elector palatine) as king.
1620/--/-- 42 - catholic league forces under graf von tilly defeat the bohemians under frederick v.
1620/--/-- 42 - cornelis drebbel demonstrates a submarine on the river thames.
1620/--/-- 42 - ferdinand ii is restored to the throne of bohemia.
1620/--/-- 42 - gustavus ii adolf begins a war with poland and captures livonia.
1620/--/-- 42 - the pilgrim fathers arrive at cape cod and found the plymouth colony.
1621/--/-- 43 - a huguenot (protestant) revolt begins against louis xiii in france.
1621/--/-- 43 - english scholar robert burton publishes anatomy of melancholy.
1621/--/-- 43 - philip iv becomes king of spain and portugal.
1621/--/-- 43 - the dutch west india company is founded.
1621/--/-- 43 - war is renewed between spain and the united provinces (the netherlands).
1622/--/-- 44 - indian massacres begin, va
1622/--/-- 44 - indians massacre 347 settlers in virginia.
1623/--/-- 45 - abbas i, shah of persia (iran), captures bagdhad from the turks.
1623/--/-- 45 - catholic league and imperial forces overrun the palatinate in germany.
1623/--/-- 45 - diego velazquez is made court painter to philip iv of spain.
1623/--/-- 45 - philosopher francis bacon publishes on the dignity and growth of sciences.
1623/--/-- 45 - the first english settlement is founded in new hampshire.
1624/--/-- 46 - dutch artist frans hals paints the laughing cavalier.
1624/--/-- 46 - english poet john donne publishes devotions upon emergent occasions.
1624/--/-- 46 - flemish chemist johannes baptista van helmont names compressible fluid gas.
1625/--/-- 47 - albrecht wenzel von wallenstein is made general of ferdinand ii's imperial armies.
1625/--/-- 47 - charles i succeeds james i as king of england.
1625/--/-- 47 - flemish baroque artist peter paul rubens paints the judgement of paris.
1625/--/-- 47 - peter minuit founds the dutch colony of new amsterdam (now new york).
1625/--/-- 47 - the spanish capture breda from the dutch.
1626/--/-- 48 - graf von tilly's catholic army routs the danes under christian iv.
1626/--/-- 48 - imperial forces under wallenstein defeat graf von mansfield at dessau.
1626/--/-- 48 - the dutch purchase manhattan island from the indians for the equivalent of $24.
1626/02/-- 48 - charles i crowned king of england and scotland at westminster abbey by georg abb
1627/--/-- 49 *** bristow, robert [son] & curtis, averilla (bristow) - married london, england
1627/--/-- 49 - shah jahan succeeds jahangir as mogul emperor of india.
1627/--/-- 49 - the huguenots (protestants) revolt against cardinal richelieu at la rochelle.
1627/--/-- 49 - the manchus (ch'ing) begin their conquest of korea.
1628/--/-- 50 - english physician william harvey publishes on the motions of the heart and blood.
1628/--/-- 50 - french philosopher rene descartes begins rules for the direction of the mind.
1628/--/-- 50 - king charles i is forced to accept parliament's petition of right.
1628/--/-- 50 - puritans under john endecott settle at salem in massachusetts.
1628/--/-- 50 - the duke of buckingham, a supporter of the french huguenots, is assassinated.
1628/--/-- 50 - the huguenots surrender la rochelle after a 14-month siege.
1629/--/-- 51 - charles i dissolves parliament and rules england directly.
1629/--/-- 51 - ferdinand ii's edict of restitution restores catholic properties taken by protestants.
1630/--/-- 52 - bhutan becomes independent from tibet about this time.
1630/--/-- 52 - dutch landscape artist salomon van ruisdael paints river landscape.
1630/--/-- 52 - gustav ii adolf invades germany in support of the protestant cause.
1630/--/-- 52 - john winthrop founds a puritan settlement at boston in massachusetts.
1630/--/-- 52 - spanish artist francisco de zubaran paints the holy house of nazareth.
1630/--/-- 52 - the ottoman turks capture hamadan in persia (iran).
1631/--/-- 53 - baldassarre longhena begins building the church of santa maria della salute in venice.
1631/--/-- 53 - gustav ii adolf defeats graf von tilly's imperial forces at breitenfeld.
1631/--/-- 53 - marie de medicis goes into exile after a plot to remove cardinal richelieu fails.
1631/--/-- 53 - navigation act affecting colonies
1631/--/-- 53 - the building of the taj mahal begins at agra in india.
1631/--/-- 53 - the first newspaper, the gazette de france, is published in paris.
1632/--/-- 54 - antony van dyck settles in london and becomes court painter to king charles i.
1632/--/-- 54 - bernal diaz del castillo's true story of the conquest of mexico is published.
1632/--/-- 54 - charles i grants a charter for the english colony of maryland.
1632/--/-- 54 - christina becomes queen of sweden at age 6; count oxenstierna rules as regent.
1632/--/-- 54 - dutch artist rembrandt harmenszoon van rijn paints the anatomy lesson.
1632/--/-- 54 - gustavus ii adolf defeats wallenstein at lutzen but is killed during the battle.
1632/--/-- 54 - imperial general graf von tilly is mortally wounded at the battle of lech.
1633/--/-- 55 - an english colony is established in connecticut.
1633/--/-- 55 - french artist nicolas poussin paints the adoration of the golden calf.
1633/--/-- 55 - galileo galilei is imprisoned for "vehement suspicion of heresy."
1634/--/-- 56 - ferdinand ii declares general wallenstein a traitor; wallenstein is assassinated.
1634/--/-- 56 - french fur trader jean nicolet explores wisconsin.
1634/--/-- 56 - hackney carriages are in use in london for public transport.
1634/--/-- 56 - imperial forces under ferdinand iii defeat the swedes at nordlingen.
1635/--/-- 57 - cardinal richelieu founds the academie francaise in paris.
1635/--/-- 57 - claybourne's rebellion begins, md
1635/--/-- 57 - france forms an alliance with sweden and enters the thirty years' war.
1635/--/-- 57 - spanish playwright pedro calderon de la barca writes life is a dream.
1635/--/-- 57 - the dutch occupy parts of formosa (taiwan).
1635/--/-- 57 - the peace of prague is signed between ferdinand ii and protestant german princes.
1636/--/-- 58 - harvard university is founded in boston.
1636/--/-- 58 - pequot indian war, mass, conn, ri
1636/--/-- 58 - radical puritan roger williams establishes the town of providence, rhode island.
1636/--/-- 58 - the dutch settle in ceylon (sri lanka).
1637/--/-- 59 - french dramatist pierre corneille writes le cid.
1637/--/-- 59 - holy roman emperor ferdinand ii dies; he is succeeded by his son ferdinand iii.
1637/--/-- 59 - pequot indians are decimated during the first indian war in new england.
1637/--/-- 59 - religious radical anne hutchinson is tried for heresy in massachusetts.
1637/--/-- 59 - rene descartes publishes his concepts of analytic geometry discourse on method.
1637/--/-- 59 - the first opera house teatro san cassiano opens in venice.
1638/--/-- 60 - john davenport and theophilus eaton found new haven, connecticut.
1638/--/-- 60 - swedish and protestant forces defeat the imperial army at breisach.
1638/--/-- 60 - swedish settlers found fort christina (now wilmington) on the delaware river.
1638/--/-- 60 - the turks under murad iv conquer baghdad.
1639/--/-- 61 - charles i concedes to scottish demands after the first bishops' war.
1639/--/-- 61 - persia (iran) and the ottoman empire sign a peace treaty.
1639/--/-- 61 - spanish artist jusepe de ribera paints the martyrdom of saint bartholomew.
1639/--/-- 61 - the first north american printing press is established in cambridge, mass..
1639/--/-- 61 - tokugawa begins a period of isolation in japan; only nagasaki is open to foreigners.
1640/--/-- 62 - coke is made from coal for the first time.
1640/--/-- 62 - dutch indian troubles, ny
1640/--/-- 62 - russian explorers cross siberia and arrive at the pacific ocean.
1640/--/-- 62 - scots invade england during the second bishops' war; charles i sues for peace.
1640/--/-- 62 - the portuguese rebel against spanish rule; john iv is crowned king.
1641/--/-- 63 - irish catholics revolt against the protestants in ulster.
1641/--/-- 63 - the dutch seize melaka and deny the british access to the moluccas.
1642/--/-- 64 - cardinal richelieu dies; he is succeeded by cardinal mazarin as first minister of france.
1642/--/-- 64 - dutch artist rembrandt paints the night watch.
1642/--/-- 64 - dutch navigator abel tasman discovers tasmania and new zealand.
1642/--/-- 64 - english parliamentarians close the london theaters.
1642/--/-- 64 - montreal is founded by the french nobleman sieur de maisonneuve.
1642/--/-- 64 - the english civil war begins between the parliamentarians and the royalists.
1642/--/-- 64 - the swedes under torstenson defeat the imperial forces at breitenfeld.
1643/--/-- 65 *** bristow, robert [grandson] - born to bristow, robert and curtis, averilla (bristow)
1643/--/-- 65 - christian iv of denmark renews the war against sweden.
1643/--/-- 65 - italian physicist torricelli demonstrates the principles of the barometer.
1643/--/-- 65 - louis xiv ascends to the french throne at age 5; anne of austria rules as regent.
1643/--/-- 65 - roger williams publishes a key into the language of america.
1643/--/-- 65 - the new england confederation is formed against the indians, dutch and french.
1643/--/-- 65 - the building of the potala palace, residence of the dalai lama, is begun in lhasa, tibet.
1643/--/-- 65 - the first french settlement is founded on madagascar.
1644/--/-- 66 - end of indian massacres, va
1644/--/-- 66 - french landscape artist claude lorrain paints the embarkation of saint ursula.
1644/--/-- 66 - french philosopher descartes proclaims cogito, ergo sum (i think, therefore i am).
1644/--/-- 66 - italian artist giovanni bernini sculpts the ecstasy of st. teresa.
1644/--/-- 66 - oliver cromwell's model army defeats a royalist army at marston moor.
1644/--/-- 66 - queen christina begins her reign in sweden.
1644/--/-- 66 - the manchus seize peking and establish the ch'ing dynasty.
1645/--/-- 67 - alexis succeeds michael as the romanov tsar of russia.
1645/--/-- 67 - claybourne's rebellion ends, md
1645/--/-- 67 - french philosopher and scientist blaise pascal invents the first adding machine.
1645/--/-- 67 - oliver cromwell defeats charles i at the battle of naseby.
1645/--/-- 67 - the swedes defeat denmark and later defeat the imperial forces at jankau.
1645/--/-- 67 - william laud archbishop of canterbury is executed.
1646/--/-- 68 - flemish painter teniers the younger paints the village fete.
1646/--/-- 68 - spanish artist bartolome esteban murillo paints holy family with a bird.
1646/--/-- 68 - the english civil war ends when charles i surrenders to the parliamentarians.
1646/--/-- 68 - the swedes capture prague and invade bavaria with their french allies.
1647/--/-- 69 - charles i escapes from england and concludes a treaty with the scots.
1647/--/-- 69 - peter stuyvesant becomes governor of the dutch colony of the new netherlands.
1648/--/-- 70 - dutch architect jacob van campen designs the amsterdam city hall.
1648/--/-- 70 - frederick iii succeeds christian iv as king of denmark.
1648/--/-- 70 - george fox founds the society of friends (quakers) about this time.
1648/--/-- 70 - margaret jones becomes the first person executed as a witch in north america.
1648/--/-- 70 - naples is restored to spanish rule after a brief uprising.
1648/--/-- 70 - russian explorer semyon dezhnev discovers the bering strait.
1648/--/-- 70 - the dutch and swiss republics achieve independence.
1648/--/-- 70 - the english settle in the bahamas.
1648/--/-- 70 - the fronde revolt begins in france against anne of austria and cardinal mazarin.
1648/--/-- 70 - the scots renew the civil war but are defeated at preston; charles i is captured.
1648/--/-- 70 - the treaty of westphalia ends the thirty years' war.
1649/--/-- 71 *** bristow, john [great grandson] - born to bristow, robert middlesex england or ayot, st. lawrence, england
1649/--/-- 71 - charles i is executed; the english commonwealth (republic) begins.
1649/--/-- 71 - french artist georges de la tour paints saint irene mourning saint sebastian.
1649/--/-- 71 - oliver cromwell suppresses a catholic rebellion in ireland.
1649/01/-- 71 - cromwellian interregnum begins.
1650/--/-- 72 - charles ii lands in scotland to renew the english civil war.
1650/--/-- 72 - dutch landscape artist aelbert cuyp paints the view of dordrecht.
1650/--/-- 72 - irish bishop james ussher establishes the date of creation at 4004 bc.
1650/--/-- 72 - oratorios become a popular form of musical performance in italy.
1650/--/-- 72 - the holy roman empire and sweden sign the treaty of nuremberg.
1650/--/-- 72 - the ukiyo-e school of art begins to flourish in japan about this time.
1650/--/-- 72 - the first coffeehouses are opened in london about this time.
1650/--/-- 72 - whaling becomes an important industry in new england about this time.
1651/--/-- 73 - charles ii is crowned by the scots; defeated at worcester, he escapes to france.
1651/--/-- 73 - navigation acts affecting colonies
1651/--/-- 73 - thomas hobbes publishes leviathan, a defense of absolute monarchy.
1652/--/-- 74 - cape town is founded by the dutch in south africa.
1652/--/-- 74 - the english navigation acts (1651) lead to the first anglo-dutch war.
1653/--/-- 75 - english writer izaak walton publishes the compleat angler.
1653/--/-- 75 - french composer jean baptiste lully writes the first minuet.
1653/--/-- 75 - louis xiv becomes known as the sun king after his role in the ballet de la nuit.
1653/--/-- 75 - oliver cromwell becomes the lord protector of england.
1654/--/-- 76 - blaise pascal and pierre de fermat collaborate on theories of probability.
1654/--/-- 76 - french philosopher blaise pascal joins the jansenist sect at port-royal.
1654/--/-- 76 - poland and russia are at war over possession of the ukraine.
1654/--/-- 76 - queen christina of sweden abdicates and becomes a roman catholic.
1654/--/-- 76 - the portuguese drive the dutch from brazil.
1654/--/-- 76 - the treaty of westminster ends the first anglo-dutch war.
1655/--/-- 77 - civil war, md (catholic & protestant)
1655/--/-- 77 - conquest of new sweden, dl
1655/--/-- 77 - dutch colonists under peter stuyvesant seize swedish settlements in delaware.
1655/--/-- 77 - the english capture jamaica from spain.
1655/--/-- 77 - the little northern war begins with sweden invading poland and capturing warsaw.
1656/--/-- 78 - diego velazquez paints the maids of honor at the court of spain.
1656/--/-- 78 - dutch philosopher baruch spinoza is expelled from the synagogue at amsterdam.
1656/--/-- 78 - dutch philosopher christiaan huygens patents the first pendulum clock.
1656/--/-- 78 - england joins france in the war against spain.
1656/--/-- 78 - italian artist and architect giovanni bernini designs the piazza of st. peter's, rome.
1656/--/-- 78 - quaker persecution, mass, va, conn
1656/--/-- 78 - the holy roman empire, russia and denmark declare war on sweden.
1657/--/-- 79 - otto von guericke demonstrates that it is possible for a vacuum to exist.
1657/--/-- 79 - the swedes attack denmark and besiege copenhagen.
1658/--/-- 80 - aurangzeb deposes his father shah jahan as mogul emperor of india.
1658/--/-- 80 - dutch genre artist jan vermeer paints the milkmaid.
1658/--/-- 80 - dutch naturalist jan swammerdam describes red blood cells.
1658/--/-- 80 - french colonists found the city of saint-louis on the senegal river in africa.
1658/--/-- 80 - leopold i succeeds ferdinand iii as holy roman emperor.
1658/--/-- 80 - oliver cromwell dies; he is succeeded by his son richard as lord protector of england.
1659/--/-- 81 - french explorers radisson and groseilliers explore minnesota.
1659/--/-- 81 - richard cromwell resigns as lord protector of england.
1659/--/-- 81 - the peace of the pyrenees ends a 24-year war between france and spain.
1660/--/-- 82 - charles ii is restored to the english throne by parliament.
1660/--/-- 82 - dutch farmers (boers) settle in south africa.
1660/--/-- 82 - dutch genre artist gabriel metsu paints the sick child.
1660/--/-- 82 - english public servant samuel pepys begins his diary.
1660/--/-- 82 - frederick william, elector of brandenburg, gains control of prussia from poland.
1660/--/-- 82 - louis xiv of france marries marie therese of spain.
1660/--/-- 82 - peter stuyvesant founds the first permanent settlement in new jersey at bergen (jersey city).
1660/--/-- 82 - the bambara kingdom begins to flourish on the upper niger about this time.
1660/--/-- 82 - the peace of copenhagen ends the war between sweden and denmark.
1660/--/-- 82 - the peace of oliva ends the war between sweden, poland, austria and brandenburg.
1660/--/-- 82 - the peace of oliva ends the war between sweden, poland, austria and brandenburg.
1660/--/-- 82 - theaters are reopened in england; the period of restoration drama begins.
1660/05/09 82 - charles stuart restored to throne of england as charles ii.
1661/--/-- 83 - charles ii orders that cromwell's corpse be disinterred, hanged and beheaded.
1661/--/-- 83 - chinese pirate koxinga drives the dutch from formosa (taiwan).
1661/--/-- 83 - dutch-born artist peter lely is made court painter to charles ii.
1661/--/-- 83 - emperor k'ang-hsi succeeds to the throne in china.
1661/--/-- 83 - the english acquire bombay from portugal.
1661/--/-- 83 - the first bible printed in north america is john elliot's translation into algonquian.
1661/04/03 83 - charles ii crowned king of england and scotland at westminster abbey by william
1662/--/-- 84 - charles ii grants a charter to the royal society of london for natural knowledge.
1662/--/-- 84 - france purchases dunkerque from england.
1662/--/-- 84 - french architect andre le notre designs the gardens for the palace of versailles.
1662/--/-- 84 - robert boyle develops his theory of gases (now known as boyle's law).
1662/--/-- 84 - the portuguese surrender tangier to england.
1662/--/-- 84 - the theatre royal is built in drury lane, london.
1663/--/-- 85 - dutch genre artist jan steen paints the woman undressing.
1663/--/-- 85 - the ottoman turks invade hungary.
1663/--/-- 85 - the first turnpike (toll) roads are established in england.
1664/--/-- 86 - england seizes new amsterdam from the dutch, renaming it new york.
1664/--/-- 86 - the austrians defeat the turks at saint gotthard and conclude a 20-year truce.
1664/--/-- 86 - the french east india company is founded.
1664/--/-- 86 - the trappists order of monks is founded at la trappe in france.
1665/--/-- 87 - an outbreak of the great plague begins in london.
1665/--/-- 87 - charles ii succeeds philip iv as king of spain.
1665/--/-- 87 - dutch genre artist gerard ter borch paints the flea hunt.
1665/--/-- 87 - england and portugal defeat spain and establish portuguese independence.
1665/--/-- 87 - jean baptiste colbert becomes minister of finance for louis xiv.
1665/--/-- 87 - robert hooke publishes his microscope observations in micrographia.
1665/--/-- 87 - the portuguese invade the kingdom of kongo and kill the monarch antonio i.
1665/--/-- 87 - the second anglo-dutch war begins.
1665/--/-- 87 - the first horse race track in north america is constructed on long island.
1666/--/-- 88 - british scientist isaac newton completes his theory of fluxional calculus.
1666/--/-- 88 - large sections of london are destroyed in the great fire.
1666/--/-- 88 - moliere's play the misanthrope is performed for the first time.
1666/--/-- 88 - puritans from connecticut settle in new jersey.
1666/--/-- 88 - sabbatai zevi claims to be the messiah and founds a jewish sect.
1666/--/-- 88 - the alawite dynasty assumes power in morocco.
1666/--/-- 88 - the french join the dutch in the war with england.
1667/--/-- 89 - english poet john milton writes paradise lost.
1667/--/-- 89 - japanese poet basho begins to compose his haiku poetry.
1667/--/-- 89 - louis xiv begins the war of devolution and captures the spanish netherlands.
1667/--/-- 89 - louis xiv sponsors the first official salon art exhibition at the louvre.
1667/--/-- 89 - mexico city cathedral is completed.
1667/--/-- 89 - suleiman succeeds abbas ii as shah of persia (iran).
1667/--/-- 89 - the dutch acquire suriname from the british in exchange for manhattan.
1667/--/-- 89 - the dutch destroy the english fleet at anchor in the medway.
1667/--/-- 89 - the peace of breda ends the war between the english, french and dutch.
1667/--/-- 89 - the building of the paris observatory is begun.
1668/--/-- 90 - a triple alliance of england, sweden, and the dutch republic is formed against france.
1668/--/-- 90 - by the treaty of aix-la-chapelle france gives up its conquests but keeps flanders.
1668/--/-- 90 - by the treaty of lisbon spain recognizes the independence of portugal.
1668/--/-- 90 - french fabulist jean de la fontaine begins publishing his fables.
1668/--/-- 90 - jacques marquette founds the first settlement in michigan at sault saint marie.
1668/--/-- 90 - king john ii of poland abdicates; he is succeeded by michael wisniowiecki.
1669/--/-- 91 - french courtesan madame de sevigne begins writing her letters.
1669/--/-- 91 - german alchemist hennig brandt makes phosphorus for the first time.
1669/--/-- 91 - louis le vau begins the expansion of the palace of versailles for louis xiv.
1669/--/-- 91 - mount etna erupts in italy, killing 20,000.
1669/--/-- 91 - venice surrenders crete to the ottoman turks.
1670/--/-- 92 - english architect sir christopher wren begins rebuilding saint paul's cathedral.
1670/--/-- 92 - the don cossacks under stenka razin rebel against russian rule.
1670/--/-- 92 - the english establish a settlement at charles towne (charleston), south carolina.
1670/--/-- 92 - the hudson's bay company is founded.
1671/--/-- 93 - buccaneers under sir henry morgan capture the city of panama.
1672/--/-- 94 - astronomer giovanni cassini becomes the first director of the paris observatory.
1672/--/-- 94 - grenades become an important weapon; the french army forms grenadier companies.
1672/--/-- 94 - jean baptiste lully produces the first french operas.
1672/--/-- 94 - sebastien le prestre de vauban founds the french army engineering corps.
1672/--/-- 94 - the french and british declare war on the dutch.
1672/--/-- 94 - william iii prince of orange leads the defense of the netherlands.
1673/--/-- 95 - leibniz begins to develop his theories of differential and integral calculus.
1673/--/-- 95 - marquette and jolliet explore the great lakes region and the mississippi river.
1673/--/-- 95 - the polish army under john sobieski defeats the turks at cochim (khotin).
1673/--/-- 95 - the test act excludes catholics from public office in england.
1673/--/-- 95 - the first mail service in north america is established between new york and boston.
1674/--/-- 96 - early american artist the freake limner paints portraits of the freake family.
1674/--/-- 96 - holy roman emperor leopold i declares war on france.
1674/--/-- 96 - john sobieski is elected as king john iii of poland.
1674/--/-- 96 - maratha leader sivaji establishes a kingdom in maharashtra, india.
1674/--/-- 96 - the dutch under william iii make peace with england.
1674/--/-- 96 - the treaty of westminster establishes new yorkers as british subjects.
1675/--/-- 97 - conflict begins between the indians under king philip and new england settlers .
1675/--/-- 97 - dutch-jewish philosopher baruch spinoza finishes his ethics.
1675/--/-- 97 - english dramatist william wycherley writes the country wife.
1675/--/-- 97 - king philip's war (indian) mass, ri
1675/--/-- 97 - the prussians under frederick william defeat the swedes at fehrbellin.
1675/--/-- 97 - the royal observatory is established at greenwich.
1676/--/-- 98 - bacon's rebellion, va
1676/--/-- 98 - english playwright sir george etherege writes man of mode.
1676/--/-- 98 - german astronomer ole romer discovers the velocity of light.
1676/--/-- 98 - indians in new england are subdued after the year-long king philip's war.
1676/--/-- 98 - the sikhs under guru gobind singh revolt against mogul rule in india.
1676/--/-- 98 - the swedes defeat the danes at the battle of lunden.
1677/--/-- 99 - charles ii appoints henry purcell as court composer.
1677/--/-- 99 - english author john dryden writes the tragedy all for love.
1677/--/-- 99 - french dramatist jean racine writes the tragedy of phedre.
1677/--/-- 99 - william iii prince of orange marries mary, daughter of the duke of york.
1678/--/-- 100 - charles le brun designs the hall of mirrors for the palace of versailles.
1678/--/-- 100 - comtesse de la fayette writes the novel la princesse de cleves.
1678/--/-- 100 - french explorer louis hennepin discovers niagara falls.
1678/--/-- 100 - john bunyan publishes the first part of the pilgrim's progress.
1678/--/-- 100 - the hungarians rebel against habsburg rule.
1678/--/-- 100 - the treaty of nijmegen establishes peace between france, the dutch and spain.
1679/--/-- 101 *** nicholls, michal (bristow) & bristow, john [great grandson] - married
1679/--/-- 101 - the english parliament passes the habeas corpus act.
1680/--/-- 102 - antonio stradivari opens his violin workshop in cremona, italy.
1680/--/-- 102 - sadler's wells theater opens in london.
1680/--/-- 102 - the comedie francaise is founded in paris.
1681/--/-- 103 - aurangzeb suppresses a rajput revolt and campaigns against hindu kingdoms in india.
1681/--/-- 103 - english quaker william penn is granted the providence of pennsylvania.
1681/--/-- 103 - john dryden publishes his satirical poem absalom and achitophel.
1681/--/-- 103 - the dodo, a large flightless bird, becomes extinct.
1682/--/-- 104 - edmund halley observes the great comet, which is later named for him.
1682/--/-- 104 - french explorer la salle navigates the mississippi river to the gulf of mexico.
1682/--/-- 104 - peter the great succeeds fyodor iii as tsar of russia.
1682/--/-- 104 - the palace of versailles becomes the french royal residence.
1682/--/-- 104 - the spanish establish the first settlement in texas at yselta (near el paso).
1682/--/-- 104 - william penn founds the city of philadelphia.
1683/--/-- 105 - chinese emperor k'ang-hsi conquers formosa (taiwan).
1683/--/-- 105 - louis xiv secretly marries madame de maintenon .
1683/--/-- 105 - the turks lay siege to vienna but are defeated by imperial and polish forces.
1683/--/-- 105 - van leeuwenhoek's microscope drawings of protozoa are published.
1683/--/-- 105 - william penn makes a peace treaty with the delaware indians.
1684/--/-- 106 - england abandons tangier to the moroccans.
1684/--/-- 106 - la salle claims louisiana, a region from quebec to the gulf of mexico, for france.
1684/--/-- 106 - the dutch whaling fleet at spitsbergen (svalbard) numbers 246 vessels.
1685/--/-- 107 - charles ii of england dies; he is succeeded by his brother james ii.
1685/--/-- 107 - increase mather becomes president of harvard college.
1685/--/-- 107 - japanese bunraku (puppet theater) is performed in osaka about this time.
1685/--/-- 107 - louis xiv revokes the edict of nantes and exiles thousands of french huguenots.
1685/--/-- 107 - rice cultivation begins in north america.
1685/--/-- 107 - the duke of monmouth rebels against james ii; he is captured and executed.
1685/--/-- 107 - the huguenots begin a silk industry in london and settle in the american colonies.
1685/04/03 107 - james ii crowned king of england and scotland at westminster abbey by william sa
1686/--/-- 108 - henri de tonty establishes the first european settlement in arkansas.
1686/--/-- 108 - the league of augsburg is formed as a coalition of european states against france.
1686/--/-- 108 - the turks are expelled from budapest by a habsburg army.
1687/--/-- 109 - english actress and royal mistress nell gwynne dies.
1687/--/-- 109 - isaac newton publishes principia, establishing his laws of motion and gravity.
1687/--/-- 109 - james ii issues a declaration of indulgence suspending the laws against catholics.
1687/--/-- 109 - the city of lima, peru, is virtually destroyed by an earthquake.
1688/--/-- 110 - english protestants demand a glorious revolution against catholicism.
1688/--/-- 110 - insurance underwriters begin meeting at lloyd's coffee house in london.
1688/--/-- 110 - louis xiv declares war on the holy roman empire and captures heidelberg.
1688/--/-- 110 - william of orange is invited to england as king; james ii escapes to france.
1689/--/-- 111 - british composer henry purcell writes the opera dido and aeneas.
1689/--/-- 111 - chinese emperor k'ang-hsi establishes diplomatic relations with russia.
1689/--/-- 111 - england and the netherlands join the grand alliance against france.
1689/--/-- 111 - french and indian allies attack english colonists during king william's war.
1689/--/-- 111 - william and mary are proclaimed king and queen of england.
1689/01/08 111 - james ii declared to have abdicated by parliament.
1689/02/03 111 - william iii and mary ii proclaimed king and queen of england, scotland, and irel
1689/04/01 111 - william iii and mary ii crowned king and queen of england, scotland, and ireland
1690/--/-- 112 - benjamin harris publishes the first american newspaper in boston.
1690/--/-- 112 - carlos de siguenza y gongora publishes the misadventures of alfonso ramirez.
1690/--/-- 112 - jose churriguera becomes court architect to philip v of spain.
1690/--/-- 112 - philosopher john locke publishes his essay concerning human understanding.
1690/--/-- 112 - spain joins the war of grand alliance against france.
1690/--/-- 112 - the french defeat the english fleet at the battle of beachy head.
1690/--/-- 112 - william iii defeats james ii at the battle of the boyne in ireland.
1691/--/-- 113 - juana ines de la cruz writes a defense of women's rights reply to sister philotea.
1691/--/-- 113 - the irish rebellion ends with the treaty of limerick.
1692/--/-- 114 - port royal in jamaica is destroyed by an earthquake; the city of kingston is founded.
1692/--/-- 114 - salem witchcraft trials, mass
1692/--/-- 114 - the macdonald clan are massacred by the campbells at glencoe in scotland.
1692/--/-- 114 - the first english patent for a wallpaper design is issued.
1692/--/-- 114 - witchcraft trials are held at salem in new england.
1693/--/-- 115 - james blair founds william and mary college in williamsburg, virginia.
1693/--/-- 115 - john ray publishes the first major classification of animals.
1694/--/-- 116 - the academie francaise introduces the first french national dictionary.
1694/--/-- 116 - the bank of england is founded.
1694/12/28 116 - william iii rules as sole king.
1696/--/-- 118 - russia annexes the kamchatka peninsula.
1696/--/-- 118 - russian tsar peter the great captures azov from the turks.
1696/--/-- 118 - the chinese under k'ang-hsi defeat the dzungar mongol chieftain galdan.
1696/--/-- 118 - william iii campaigns in holland against the french.
1697/--/-- 119 - augustus ii elector of saxony becomes king of poland.
1697/--/-- 119 - french poet charles perrault publishes the tales from mother goose.
1697/--/-- 119 - russian tsar peter the great sets out to study the european way of life.
1697/--/-- 119 - sir john vanbrugh's play the relapse is produced in london.
1697/--/-- 119 - the habsburg army under eugene of savoy defeats the turks at zenta.
1697/--/-- 119 - the treaty of ryswick ends the war of the grand alliance.
1698/--/-- 120 - calcutta is founded by the british east india company.
1698/--/-- 120 - russian tsar peter the great imposes a tax on beards.
1698/--/-- 120 - thomas savery invents a water pump -- the first practical application of steam power.
in 1578 transportation was by:
foot
horse
sailing ship
in 1578 communications was by:
word of mouth
in 1578 food preparation was by:
wood
in 1578 entertainment was by:
social intercourse
organized sports
travel
professional sports
movies
radio
television
theme parks
theme parks
computer
in 1578 health care was by:
operations
anesthetic
x-rays
mri
in 1578 war making was by:
bow & arrow
swords & body armor
calvary
gun
artillery
in 1578 navigation was by:
stars & maps
compass
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