...Date... AGE Event
1868/--/-- 0 *** Cowan, Samuel - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1868/--/-- 0 - A military coup led by General Juan Prim deposes Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1868/--/-- 0 - A skeleton of Cro-Magnon man is discovered in southern France.
1868/--/-- 0 - British labor unions form the Trades Union Congress.
1868/--/-- 0 - Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 0 - Chulalongkorn succeeds his father Mongkut as the king of Siam (Thailand).
1868/--/-- 0 - Feminists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publish Revolution.
1868/--/-- 0 - Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 0 - Ndebele king Mzilikazi dies in Africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son Lobengula.
1868/--/-- 0 - The Meiji dynasty is restored in Japan; the Tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 0 - The Ten Years' War begins in Cuba against Spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 0 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson is impeached by Congress but acquitted by the Senate.
1868/--/-- 0 - William Gladstone becomes Liberal prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 1 - 200 pitched battles between Indians and U.S. Calvary
1869/--/-- 1 - English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy.
1869/--/-- 1 - French artist Eugene Louis Boudin paints On the Beach at Deauville.
1869/--/-- 1 - Grant is inaugurated as the 18th U.S. president; Colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 1 - James Gordon Bennett Jr. commissions Stanley to search for Livingston in Africa.
1869/--/-- 1 - John Roebling designs the Brooklyn Bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 1 - Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion in Canada.
1869/--/-- 1 - Ludwig II (Mad Ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in Bavaria.
1869/--/-- 1 - Philadelphia garment workers organize the Knights of Labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 1 - Pope Pius IX calls the First Vatican Council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 1 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky begins work on his opera Boris Gudunov.
1869/--/-- 1 - Suez Canal opens
1869/--/-- 1 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 1 - The Suez Canal is opened in Egypt.
1869/--/-- 1 - The first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 1 - The transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Point, Utah.
1869/--/-- 1 - Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1869/--/-- 1 - Union Pacific meets Central Pacific
1870/--/-- 2 - American industrialist John D. Rockefeller founds the Standard Oil Company.
1870/--/-- 2 - French war minister Leon Gambetta escapes from besieged Paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 2 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Troy.
1870/--/-- 2 - Paraguayan dictator Solano Lopez dies, ending the War of the Triple Alliance.
1870/--/-- 2 - Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
1870/--/-- 2 - The Franco-Prussian War begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by Bismark.
1870/--/-- 2 - The Prussians defeat the French at Sedan; Napoleon III is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 2 - The Third Republic is formed in France; a Government of National Defense is established.
1870/--/-- 2 - The city of Miami is founded in Florida.
1871/--/-- 3 *** Cowan, Allen [Brother] - Born to Cowan, James C. and Ferguson, Jemima Amanda (Cowan)
1871/--/-- 3 - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr. Livingston in central Africa.
1871/--/-- 3 - Charles Taze Russell founds the Jehovah's Witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 3 - Fire destroys one-third of the city of Chicago.
1871/--/-- 3 - P.T Barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 3 - The Franco-Prussian War ends; Alsace and Lorraine are ceded to Germany.
1871/--/-- 3 - The French surrender to Prussia incites the Commune of Paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 3 - The German Empire is formally proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles.
1871/--/-- 3 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 3 - Trade Unions legalized in Britain
1872/--/-- 4 - American artist James McNeill Whistler paints the Portrait of the Artist's Mother.
1872/--/-- 4 - English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes Middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 4 - Indian leader Kintpuash leaves the Modoc reservation; the Modoc Wars begin.
1872/--/-- 4 - Monet paints Impression: Sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 4 - Photographer Eadweard Muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 4 - The Challenger Expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 4 - The cities of Buda and Pest unite to form Budapest (the capital of Hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 4 - The death of Kamehameha V ends the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 4 - The first woman impressionist artist Berthe Morisot paints The Cradle.
1873/--/-- 5 - Englishman Maj. Walter Clopton Wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 5 - French novelist Jules Verne publishes Around the World in Eighty Days.
1873/--/-- 5 - The Pacific Scandal in Canada causes the collapse of the Conservative government.
1873/--/-- 5 - The Panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 6 - Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1874/--/-- 6 - English author Thomas Hardy publishes Far from the Madding Crowd.
1874/--/-- 6 - First impressionist exhibit in Paris
1874/--/-- 6 - French impressionist artist Pierre Auguste Renoir paints La Loge (The Box).
1874/--/-- 6 - The Comanche, Kiowa and other Indian tribes attack Adobe Walls in Texas.
1874/--/-- 6 - The Greenback party advocates currency reform in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 6 - The first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in Paris.
1875/--/-- 7 - American author Mark Twain publishes Tom Sawyer.
1875/--/-- 7 - Britain buys Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian leader Ismail Pasha.
1875/--/-- 7 - Charles Stewart Parnell begins movement for Irish independence
1875/--/-- 7 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen is performed in Paris.
1875/--/-- 7 - Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, publishes Science and Health.
1875/--/-- 7 - The Bourbon monarchy is restored in Spain under Alfonso XII.
1876/--/-- 8 - Abd al-Hamid II assumes his rule as the last Ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 8 - Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 8 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 8 - British philosopher Herbert Spencer begins publishing the Principles of Sociology.
1876/--/-- 8 - Colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the Union.
1876/--/-- 8 - General Porfirio Diaz seizes power as the dictator of Mexico.
1876/--/-- 8 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Mycenae.
1876/--/-- 8 - Impressionist artist Alfred Sisley paints Flood at the Port of Marly.
1876/--/-- 8 - Japan forces Korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of China.
1876/--/-- 8 - Johann Strauss Jr. composes his waltz The Beautiful Blue Danube.
1876/--/-- 8 - National League founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 8 - Queen Victoria assumes the title of Empress of India.
1876/--/-- 8 - Sioux Indians defeat General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
1876/--/-- 8 - Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer at Little Big Horn, Montanna
1876/--/-- 8 - The Bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of Wagner's Ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 8 - The U.S. Centennial Exposition of 1876 is held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 9 - Britain annexes Transvaal in South Africa.
1877/--/-- 9 - Chief Joseph leads the Nez Perce tribe against the U.S. Army.
1877/--/-- 9 - Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th U.S. president; Wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 9 - Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on Mars.
1877/--/-- 9 - Nez Perce leave Idaho for Canada
1877/--/-- 9 - Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1877/--/-- 9 - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake is performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow.
1877/--/-- 9 - The All-England lawn tennis championship is played at Wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 9 - The Japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by Saigo Takamori.
1877/--/-- 9 - Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 9 - Turkish suppression of Balkan nationalists leads to a new Russo-Turkish War.
1878/--/-- 10 - Ismail Pasha presents Cleopatra's Needles to Britain (1878) and the U.S. (1880).
1878/--/-- 10 - Northern Cheyenne escape Indian Territory
1878/--/-- 10 - Serbia, Montenegro and Romania are granted independence from Turkey.
1878/--/-- 10 - The Congress of Berlin reverses Russian gains from the San Stefano Treaty.
1878/--/-- 10 - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performs Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore.
1878/--/-- 10 - The Russo-Turkish War ends; The Treaty of San Stefano is imposed on Turkey.
1878/--/-- 10 - The second Anglo-Afghan War begins.
1878/--/-- 10 - Turkey's provinces of Bosnia and Hercegovina are placed under Austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 11 - Belgian king Leopold II sponsors Henry Morton Stanley's expedition to the Congo.
1879/--/-- 11 - Cetewayo's Zulus defeat the British at Isandhlwana, but are beaten at Ulundi.
1879/--/-- 11 - Charles Stewart Parnell leads the Home Rule for Ireland party.
1879/--/-- 11 - General Roca defeats the Patagonian Indians, opening the Pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 11 - Impressionist artist Edgar Degas paints Ballerina Posing for a Photograph.
1879/--/-- 11 - Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen writes A Doll's House.
1879/--/-- 11 - Tawfiq Pasha succeeds his father Ismail Pasha as khedive (viceroy) of Egypt.
1879/--/-- 11 - Territorial disputes lead to the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
1879/--/-- 11 - Thomas Edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 11 - Thomas Edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 12 - American impressionist artist Mary Cassatt exhibits A Woman in Black at the Opera.
1880/--/-- 12 - Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 12 - Boer (Afrikaner) uprisings begin against the British in Transvaal, South Africa.
1880/--/-- 12 - France annexes the Pacific island of Tahiti.
1880/--/-- 12 - French novelist Emile Zola writes Nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 12 - German composer Jacques Offenbach writes the opera Tales of Hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 12 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as British prime minister.
1880/--/-- 12 - Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture.
1881/--/-- 13 - Alexander II is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in Russia.
1881/--/-- 13 - Chester A. Arthur (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 13 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st U.S. president.
1881/--/-- 13 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the Panama Canal.
1881/--/-- 13 - Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th U.S. president; Arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 13 - James A. Garfield (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 13 - Japanese statesman Itagaki Taisuke founds the Jiyuto (Liberal party).
1881/--/-- 13 - Lillie Langtry, mistress of the Prince of Wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 13 - President Garfield is assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1881/--/-- 13 - The Sudanese under Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad overthrow Egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 13 - The first U.S. tennis championship is held in Newport, R.I.
1882/--/-- 14 - A Triple Alliance is established between Austria, Italy and Germany.
1882/--/-- 14 - Edison's New York plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 14 - Impressionist artist Edouard Manet completes the Bar at the Folies-Bergere.
1882/--/-- 14 - Japanese statesman Okuma Shigenobu founds the Kaishinto, or Progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 14 - The British take control of Egypt, suppressing uprisings against Tawfiq Pasha.
1882/--/-- 14 - The U.S. begins to restrict immigration with the Chinese Exclusion Acts.
1883/--/-- 15 - Buffalo Bill Cody organizes his Wild West show.
1883/--/-- 15 - Civil Service established
1883/--/-- 15 - Cyrus H. K. Curtis publishes the Lady's Home Journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 15 - German philosopher Frederich Wilhelm Nietzsche begins Thus Spake Zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 15 - Maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 15 - Paul Kruger becomes president of the Boer republic of the Transvaal in South Africa.
1883/--/-- 15 - Russian scientist Tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 15 - The Brooklyn Bridge is completed in New York.
1883/--/-- 15 - The Fabian Society is founded in London to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 15 - The Island volcano of Krakatoa explodes in Indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 15 - The first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in Chicago by William LeBaron Jenney.
1883/03/21 15 *** Huff, Zilpha (Ferguson) [Grandmother] - Died Irwin cem. Clinton County KY
1884/--/-- 16 - 15 European nations partition Africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 16 - American author Mark Twain publishes the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
1884/--/-- 16 - Belva Lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a U.S. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 16 - German East Africa is formed from Rwanda, Mozambique,Tanzania and Burundi.
1884/--/-- 16 - Germany occupies South West Africa (Namibia).
1884/--/-- 16 - Lewis E. Waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 17 - Boston Symphony Orchestra organizes its Promenade Concerts (the Boston Pops).
1885/--/-- 17 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 17 - French chemist Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 17 - General Gordon is killed by Mahdist forces at the siege of Khartoum in Sudan.
1885/--/-- 17 - Gottlieb Daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 17 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1885/--/-- 17 - J. K. Stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 17 - Louis Pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 17 - The Congo Free State (Zaire) becomes the possession of King Leopold II of Belgium.
1885/--/-- 17 - The Indian National Congress movement is founded in Bombay.
1886/--/-- 18 - Apache Indian chief Geronimo surrenders to General Nelson Miles.
1886/--/-- 18 - Britain makes Burma a province of India after winning the Anglo-Burma War.
1886/--/-- 18 - British prime minister Gladstone introduces an unsuccessful Home Rule bill for Ireland.
1886/--/-- 18 - French sculptor Auguste Rodin completes The Kiss.
1886/--/-- 18 - Gold is discovered in Transvaal, South Africa.
1886/--/-- 18 - Haymarket Square labor riot in Chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 18 - Jose Balmaceda becomes president of Chile.
1886/--/-- 18 - Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor.
1886/--/-- 18 - The Anglo-German Agreement recognizes German control over Tanganyika (Tanzania).
1886/--/-- 18 - The Statue of Liberty is unveiled in New York Harbor.
1887/--/-- 19 - Arthur Conan Doyle publishes the first Sherlock Holmes story.
1887/--/-- 19 - France creates the Union of Indochina (most of modern day Vietnam and Kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 19 - The Michelson-Morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 20 - A patent is issued to American inventor John H. Loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 20 - American inventor George Eastman introduces the Kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 20 - Britain unites its Caribbean colonies of Trinidad and Tobago.
1888/--/-- 20 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh paints Still Life With Sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 20 - Eastman's Kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 20 - Jack the Ripper murders seven women in London.
1888/--/-- 20 - Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov writes Scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 20 - The National Geographic Magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 20 - William II succeeds Frederick III as emperor of Germany.
1889/--/-- 21 - Benjamin Harrison (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1889/--/-- 21 - Benjamin Harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd U.S. president.
1889/--/-- 21 - Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria commits suicide at Mayerling.
1889/--/-- 21 - German revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg is exiled in Switzerland.
1889/--/-- 21 - Gustave Eiffel designs the Eiffel Tower for the Paris Exposition.
1889/--/-- 21 - Japan's first prime minister Ito Hirobumi introduces the Meiji Constitution.
1889/--/-- 21 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 21 - Montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 21 - North Dakota and South Dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 21 - North Dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 21 - Pedro II emperor of Brazil is overthrown in a coup; Brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 21 - South Dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the Union.
1889/--/-- 21 - Washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 22 - AFL founded by S Gompers
1890/--/-- 22 - American naval officer Alfred Mahan publishes The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
1890/--/-- 22 - American psychologist William James publishes The Principles of Psychology.
1890/--/-- 22 - Cecil Rhodes becomes prime minister of the Cape Colony in South Africa.
1890/--/-- 22 - Claude Debussy begins composing Suite Bergamasque, including Clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 22 - Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 22 - German chancellor Otto von Bismarck is dismissed by Emperor William II.
1890/--/-- 22 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 22 - Idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 22 - Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore publishes Manasi (The Mind's Embodiment).
1890/--/-- 22 - Photographer Jacob Riis documents New York's poor in How the Other Half Lives.
1890/--/-- 22 - Sherman Antitrust Act
1890/--/-- 22 - Sioux Indians are massacred at the Battle of Wounded Knee.
1890/--/-- 22 - The British South Africa Company occupies Zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the Ndebele.
1890/--/-- 22 - The Forth Railway Bridge is opened, replacing the Brooklyn Bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 22 - Wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 22 - Zanzibar becomes a British protectorate.
1891/--/-- 23 - Anglo-Irish author Oscar Wilde publishes his only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.
1891/--/-- 23 - English novelist Thomas Hardy writes Tess of the D'Urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 23 - Eugene Dubois discovers the first Homo erectus remains on Java in Indonesia.
1891/--/-- 23 - French postimpressionist artist Paul Gauguin travels to Tahiti.
1891/--/-- 23 - James Naismith devises the game of basketball in Springfield, Mass.
1891/--/-- 23 - The American Express Company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1892/--/-- 24 - French artist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec paints At the Moulin Rouge.
1892/--/-- 24 - Impressionist artist Paul Cezanne completes the Card Players.
1892/--/-- 24 - James J. Corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from John L. Sullivan.
1892/--/-- 24 - Strike at Carnegie Steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 24 - The San Francisco Examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 24 - Writer and political revolutionary Jose Marti founds the Cuban Revolutionary party.
1893/--/-- 25 - American artist Louis Comfort Tiffany begins producing Art Nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 25 - Cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th U.S. president; Hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 25 - France adds Laos to "protectorate" of Indochina
1893/--/-- 25 - France adds Laos to the Union of Indochina.
1893/--/-- 25 - Gladstone's second Irish Home Rule Bill is vetoed by the House of Lords in Britain.
1893/--/-- 25 - Grover Cleveland (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1893/--/-- 25 - Queen Liliuokalani is ousted in Hawaii; Sanford B. Dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 25 - The Ivory Coast becomes a French colony.
1893/--/-- 25 - Victor Horta's Tassel House in Brussels initiates the Art Nouveau architectural style.
1894/--/-- 26 *** Cowan, Samuel - Died
1894/--/-- 26 - Britain establishes a protectorate over Buganda and conquers the rest of Uganda.
1894/--/-- 26 - Czech decorative artist Alfons Mucha designs a poster of Sarah Bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 26 - Dreyfus case splits France
1894/--/-- 26 - English artist Aubrey Beardsley illustrates Oscar Wilde's Salome.
1894/--/-- 26 - English author Rudyard Kipling publishes The Jungle Book.
1894/--/-- 26 - Percival Lowell builds an observatory to study the Martian canals.
1894/--/-- 26 - Rebellion in Korea begins the First Sino-Japanese War.
1894/--/-- 26 - The arrest of army captain Albert Dreyfus creates a political crisis in France.
1894/--/-- 26 - Thousands of Armenians are massacred in Turkey.
In 1868 Transportation was by:
Foot
Horse
Bicycle
Train
Steamboat
In 1868 Communications was by:
Word of Mouth
Post Office
Telegraph
In 1868 Food Preparation was by:
Wood
In 1868 Entertainment was by:
Social Intercourse
Organized Sports
Travel
Professional Sports
Movies
Radio
Television
Theme parks
Computer
In 1868 Health Care was by:
Operations
Anesthetic
X-Rays
MRI
In 1868 War Making was by:
Calvary
gun
Artillery
Machine guns
Submarine
Iron Clad ships
Mines
In 1868 Navigation was by:
Stars & Maps
Compass
from the SFHR database of Duane Bristow 03-13-2021 19:57:57