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                        the life of pierce, martha jane (cook)
1847/03/31 to 1911/08/07 female no children wife of hiram p. cook 1842-1909
...date... age event
1847/--/-- -1 - american missionary marcus whitman is killed by cayuse indians in oregon.
1847/--/-- -1 - american oceanographer matthew maury publishes his first wind and current charts.
1847/--/-- -1 - charlotte bronte publishes jane eyre; emily bronte publishes wuthering heights.
1847/--/-- -1 - english novelist william makepeace thackeray begins vanity fair.
1847/--/-- -1 - honore de balzac completes la comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- -1 - italian statesman cavour founds the liberal newspaper il risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- -1 - maria mitchell, the first woman astronomer in america, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- -1 - mormons and the indians
1847/--/-- -1 - scott enters mexico city after a series of battles; mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- -1 - sir james simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- -1 - taylor defeats santa anna's mexican army at the battle of buena vista.
1847/--/-- -1 - the african slave colony of liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- -1 - the american medical association is founded.
1847/--/-- -1 - the mormons under brigham young found salt lake city.
1847/--/-- -1 - the u.s. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- -1 - u.s. forces under stockton, fremont and kearny occupy california.
1847/--/-- -1 - u.s. forces under winfield scott land at veracruz and advance on mexico city.
1847/03/31 0 *** pierce, martha jane (cook) - born to pierce, lewis and cowan, rachel (pierce)
1848/--/-- 0 - a czech uprising under frantisek palacky is suppressed by austria.
1848/--/-- 0 - american engineer james bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 0 - february revolution by french workers makes louis napoleon iii president of 2nd reublic
1848/--/-- 0 - ferdinand i abdicates; francis joseph becomes emperor of austria.
1848/--/-- 0 - french barbizon artist theodore rousseau paints the forest at fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 0 - french author alexandre dumas (dumas fils) publishes his novel camille.
1848/--/-- 0 - gold discovered in california
1848/--/-- 0 - holman hunt, millais and rossetti form the pre-raphaelite brotherhood in britain.
1848/--/-- 0 - karl marx and friedrich engels publish the communist manifesto.
1848/--/-- 0 - karl marx and friedrick engels publish "communist manifesto"
1848/--/-- 0 - louis philippe abdicates; a second republic is declared in france.
1848/--/-- 0 - mexican cession
1848/--/-- 0 - risorgimento leader garibaldi returns to italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 0 - scottish physicist william thomson kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 0 - the austrian revolution begins in vienna; chancellor metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 0 - the revolutions of 1848 break out in europe.
1848/--/-- 0 - the treaty of guadalupe hidalgo ratifies the cession of california and new mexico.
1848/--/-- 0 - the discovery of gold at sutter's mill begins the california gold rush.
1848/--/-- 0 - the first u.s. women's rights assembly meets at the seneca falls convention.
1848/--/-- 0 - uprisings in berlin force frederick william iv to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 0 - wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the union.
1849/--/-- 1 - amelia bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 1 - austrian forces crush the italian revolution; mazzini and garibaldi flee from italy.
1849/--/-- 1 - austrian premier felix schwarzenberg uses the russian army to defeat the hungarians.
1849/--/-- 1 - black slave harriet tubman escapes and begins her underground railway work.
1849/--/-- 1 - elizabeth blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 1 - francois rene de chateaubriand publishes memoirs from beyond the tomb.
1849/--/-- 1 - french physicist armand fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 1 - lajos kossuth declares hungarian independence from austria.
1849/--/-- 1 - russian anarchist mikhail bakunin is deported to siberia.
1849/--/-- 1 - taylor is inaugurated as the 12th u.s. president; fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 1 - zachary taylor (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 2 - allan pinkerton founds the pinkerton national detective agency.
1850/--/-- 2 - american author nathaniel hawthorne writes the scarlet letter.
1850/--/-- 2 - american popular songwriter stephen foster publishes camptown races.
1850/--/-- 2 - california is inaugurated as the 31st state of the union.
1850/--/-- 2 - congress reinforces the fugitive slave law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 2 - elizabeth barrett browning publishes her sonnets from the portuguese.
1850/--/-- 2 - english author charles dickens writes david copperfield.
1850/--/-- 2 - french realist artist gustave courbet paints the stone breakers.
1850/--/-- 2 - jenny lind the swedish nightingale begins her u.s. tour.
1850/--/-- 2 - millard fillmore (whig) becomes president of the united states
1850/--/-- 2 - nathanial hawthorne "the scarlet letter"
1850/--/-- 2 - photographer mathew brady publishes the gallery of illustrious americans.
1850/--/-- 2 - plains indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 2 - president taylor dies; millard fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th u.s. president.
1850/--/-- 2 - the compromise of 1850 establishes california as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 2 - the taiping rebellion breaks out in china against the ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 2 - the first issue of harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 2 - utah and new mexico territories
1851/--/-- 3 - a gold rush begins in victoria, australia; victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 3 - american author herman melville publishes moby-dick.
1851/--/-- 3 - giuseppe verdi's opera rigoletto is produced in venice.
1851/--/-- 3 - harriet beecher stowe begins publishing uncle tom's cabin.
1851/--/-- 3 - henry jarvis raymond and george jones found the new york times.
1851/--/-- 3 - isaac merrit singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 3 - jacob fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in baltimore.
1851/--/-- 3 - melville "moby dick"
1851/--/-- 3 - mongkut (rama iv) becomes king of siam (thailand).
1851/--/-- 3 - singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 3 - the crystal palace is built in london to house the great exhibition.
1851/--/-- 3 - the u.s. yacht america defeats 17 british yachts in the first america's cup contest.
1851/--/-- 3 - the first college sorority is established at wesleyan college, georgia.
1851/12/12 4 *** pierce, sarah "sally" (tuggle) [sister] - born to pierce, lewis and cowan, rachel (pierce)
1852/--/-- 4 - argentinean dictator rosas is defeated by forces under urquiza at monte caseros.
1852/--/-- 4 - britain gains control of the irrawaddy delta after the second anglo-burma war.
1852/--/-- 4 - the grimms begin publication of their deutsches worterbuch (german dictionary).
1852/--/-- 4 - the second empire begins in france under napoleon iii.
1853/--/-- 5 - a u.s. naval squadron under matthew perry enters tokyo bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 5 - chinese rebels capture nanking and make it the capital of the taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 5 - crimean war between turkey, france & britain against russia
1853/--/-- 5 - franklin pierce (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1853/--/-- 5 - franklin pierce is inaugurated as the 14th u.s. president; king becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 5 - general santa anna becomes dictator of mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 5 - georges haussmann begins the reconstruction of paris.
1853/--/-- 5 - napoleon iii marries the empress eugenie.
1853/--/-- 5 - richard wagner begins his cycle of four operas the ring of the nibelung.
1853/--/-- 5 - russia occupies the turkish principalities of moldavia and walachia.
1853/--/-- 5 - the u.s. adds land to new mexico and arizona with the gadsden purchase.
1853/--/-- 5 - turkey issues an ultimatum to russia; the russians destroy the turkish fleet at sinope.
1853/02/22 5 *** pierce, francis [grandfather] - died
1854/--/-- 6 - a commercial treaty is signed between the u.s. and japan, ending japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 6 - american writer and naturalist henry david thoreau publishes walden.
1854/--/-- 6 - an anglo-french-turkish expeditionary force lands at sevastopol in the crimea.
1854/--/-- 6 - britain and france declare war on russia, beginning the crimean war.
1854/--/-- 6 - nebraska and kansas territories
1854/--/-- 6 - pope pius ix proclaims the dogma of the immaculate conception of the virgin mary.
1854/--/-- 6 - raphaelite artist holman hunt paints the scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 6 - republican party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 6 - smith & wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 6 - the allied armies defeat the russians at the battle of inkerman.
1854/--/-- 6 - the british grant independence to the orange free state in south africa.
1854/--/-- 6 - the charge of the light brigade is made by the british during the battle of balaklava.
1854/--/-- 6 - the kansas-nebraska act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 6 - the republican party is formed after the passage of the kansas-nebraska act.
1854/--/-- 6 - upper half of indian territory becomes part of kansas territory
1854/12/21 7 *** cowen, julia ann s. (owen) [1st cousin once removed] & owen, john b. - married
1855/--/-- 7 - british photographer roger fenton documents the crimean war.
1855/--/-- 7 - florence nightingale reforms hygienic standards in crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 7 - henry wadsworth longfellow publishes the songs of hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 7 - lord palmerston becomes prime minister of great britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 7 - matthew fontaine maury publishes the physical geography of the sea.
1855/--/-- 7 - mexican dictator santa anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 7 - nicholas i, emperor of russia dies; he is succeeded by his son alexander ii.
1855/--/-- 7 - robert browning publishes his poetry collection men and women.
1855/--/-- 7 - scottish explorer david livingstone discovers the victoria falls in africa.
1855/--/-- 7 - the allies occupy the russian fortress at sevastapol in the crimea.
1855/--/-- 7 - the first formal ice hockey game is played in kingston, ontario.
1855/--/-- 7 - walt whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the leaves of grass.
1855/10/24 8 *** cowan, william e. [2nd cousin] - born to owen, john b. and cowen, julia ann s. (owen)
1856/--/-- 8 - a new opium war begins between china, britain and france.
1856/--/-- 8 - english chemist william perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 8 - the treaty of paris ends the crimean war.
1856/--/-- 8 - the first neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in germany.
1856/--/-- 8 - victor hugo writes les miserables during his exile from france.
1856/01/08 8 *** cowan, william j. [1st cousin once removed] & walker, julia ann (cowan) - married clinton county kentucky
1856/07/22 9 *** cowan, william e. [2nd cousin] - died cowan cem. clinton county ky
1857/--/-- 9 *** owen, margaret elizabeth (denney) [2nd cousin] - born to owen, john b. and cowen, julia ann s. (owen)
1857/--/-- 9 - buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th u.s. president; breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 9 - disputes between mormons and non-mormon settlers leads to the utah war.
1857/--/-- 9 - elisha graves otis installs the first passenger elevator in a new york city store.
1857/--/-- 9 - english author thomas hughes publishes tom brown's schooldays.
1857/--/-- 9 - french novelist gustave flaubert publishes madame bovary.
1857/--/-- 9 - french poet baudelaire publishes flowers of evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 9 - james buchanan (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1857/--/-- 9 - kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 9 - mormons and paiute indians kill 120 settlers in the mountain meadows massacre.
1857/--/-- 9 - the indian mutiny begins when indian troops rebel against the british in meerut.
1857/--/-- 9 - the oxford english dictionary is begun in england.
1858/--/-- 10 *** parmley, lewis [nephew] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1858/--/-- 10 - benito juarez becomes the first mexican president of indian descent.
1858/--/-- 10 - bernadette soubirous sees visions of the vigin mary in a grotto near lourdes, france.
1858/--/-- 10 - britain and france impose the tientsin treaty on china.
1858/--/-- 10 - british explorer john hanning speke discovers lake victoria in africa.
1858/--/-- 10 - british naturalist alfred russel wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 10 - charles frederick worth establishes his paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 10 - cyrus w. field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 10 - federal forces end the utah war; brigham young is replaced as governor of utah territory.
1858/--/-- 10 - french photographer nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 10 - german-american artist albert bierstadt begins his landscapes of the american west.
1858/--/-- 10 - jacques offenbach's operetta orpheus in the underworld premiers in paris.
1858/--/-- 10 - james renwick begins the design of saint patrick's cathedral in new york city.
1858/--/-- 10 - minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the union.
1858/--/-- 10 - the fenians (irish republican brotherhood) are founded to overthrow british rule.
1858/--/-- 10 - the indian mutiny is suppressed by the british army and loyal indian troops.
1858/--/-- 10 - the government of india is transferred from the east india company to the british crown.
1859/--/-- 11 - abolitionist john brown leads an attack on harpers ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 11 - charles darwin "origin of species"
1859/--/-- 11 - charles darwin publishes on the origin of species by means of natural selection.
1859/--/-- 11 - ferdinand de lesseps begins building the suez canal in egypt.
1859/--/-- 11 - french inventor ferdinand carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 11 - napoleon iii assists the italian statesman cavour in a war against austria.
1859/--/-- 11 - oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the union.
1859/--/-- 11 - queensland becomes a separate colony of australia.
1859/02/21 11 *** tabor, lewis b. & pierce, rebecca (tabor) [sister] - married
1860/--/-- 12 *** cowan, william j. "bill" [2nd cousin] - born to cowan, william j. and walker, julia ann (cowan)
1860/--/-- 12 *** owen, louisa b. (o'conner) [2nd cousin] - born to owen, john b. and cowen, julia ann s. (owen)
1860/--/-- 12 *** parmley, mary ellen (crockett) [niece] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1860/--/-- 12 - abraham lincoln is elected as the first republican president of the united states.
1860/--/-- 12 - china resists the tientsin treaty; anglo-french forces occupy peking.
1860/--/-- 12 - english novelist wilkie collins writes the woman in white.
1860/--/-- 12 - florence nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 12 - george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes the mill on the floss.
1860/--/-- 12 - italian patriot garibaldi invades sicily and naples with his 1,000 redshirts.
1860/--/-- 12 - jean joseph etienne lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 12 - sardinia-piedmont seizes the papal states in italy.
1860/--/-- 12 - south carolina becomes the first southern state to secede from the union.
1860/--/-- 12 - the crittenden compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 12 - the maori wars begin against the british in new zealand.
1860/--/-- 12 - the pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from missouri to california.
1861/--/-- 13 - abraham lincoln (republican) becomes president of the united states
1861/--/-- 13 - american locksmith linus yale jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 13 - confederacy
1861/--/-- 13 - civil war begins
1861/--/-- 13 - english designer william morris starts the arts and crafts movement.
1861/--/-- 13 - explorers burke and wills die during their north-south crossing of australia.
1861/--/-- 13 - french artist eugene delacroix paints the lion hunt.
1861/--/-- 13 - general george b. mcclellan is made commander of the union forces.
1861/--/-- 13 - italy is unified under victor emmanuel ii.
1861/--/-- 13 - john ericsson designs the monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 13 - kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the union.
1861/--/-- 13 - lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th u.s. president; hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 13 - nicholas ii abolishes serfdom in russia.
1861/--/-- 13 - the confederate states of america declare their independence from the u.s.
1861/--/-- 13 - the confederates defeat the union army in the first battle of bull run.
1861/--/-- 13 - the southern states meet to draft a constitution; davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 13 - the trent affair begins when a union ship intercepts a british steamer.
1861/--/-- 13 - the united states introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 13 - the bombardment of fort sumter in charleston harbor begins the u.s. civil war.
1861/--/-- 13 - unification of italy
1861/--/-- 13 - western territories reorganized by republican congresses
1861/07/10 14 *** owen, robert a. [2nd cousin] - born to owen, john b. and cowen, julia ann s. (owen)
1862/--/-- 14 - a union fleet under david g. farragut captures new orleans.
1862/--/-- 14 - bartolome mitre unites argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 14 - brady, o'sullivan and gardner document the civil war in photographs.
1862/--/-- 14 - explorer john mcdouall stuart makes the first south to north crossing of australia.
1862/--/-- 14 - foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 14 - french actress sarah bernhardt makes her debut at the comedie francaise.
1862/--/-- 14 - french impressionist artist edouard manet paints le dejeuner sur l'herbe.
1862/--/-- 14 - french physicist jean foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 14 - french writer victor hugo completes his social novel les miserables.
1862/--/-- 14 - lee defeats the union army in the second battle of bull run.
1862/--/-- 14 - lee's confederate invasion of maryland is halted at the battle of antietam.
1862/--/-- 14 - mcclellan is defeated in the seven days battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 14 - napoleon iii imposes the austrian prince maximilian as emperor of mexico.
1862/--/-- 14 - richard j. gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 14 - russian novelist ivan turgenev publishes fathers and sons.
1862/--/-- 14 - the first recorded ski competition is held near oslo in norway.
1862/--/-- 14 - the ironclad warships monitor and merrimack clash at hampton roads, va.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under burnside are defeated at the battle of fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under grant defeat the confederates at the battle of shiloh.
1862/--/-- 14 - union forces under mcclellan begin the peninsular campaign to capture richmond.
1862/--/-- 14 - william i appoints otto von bismarck as minister president of prussia.
1863/--/-- 15 - cambodia (kampuchea) becomes a french protectorate.
1863/--/-- 15 - english philosopher john stuart mill publishes utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 15 - french impressionist artist camille pissarro exhibits at the salon des refuses.
1863/--/-- 15 - george i succeeds otto as king of greece.
1863/--/-- 15 - grant defeats the confederates in the vicksburg campaign.
1863/--/-- 15 - ismail pasha rules egypt under the suzerainty of the ottoman empire.
1863/--/-- 15 - lincoln's emancipation proclamation abolishes slavery in the confederate states.
1863/--/-- 15 - london's metropolitan railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederate guerrilla band quantrill's raiders pillage lawrence, kansas.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederates defeat the union army at chancellorsville; jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 15 - the confederates under lee are defeated at the battle of gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 15 - the french occupy mexico city in support of maximilian, emperor of mexico.
1863/--/-- 15 - the london football association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 15 - west virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the union.
1863/05/02 16 *** owen, robert a. [2nd cousin] - died peolia cem. clinton county ky
1863/09/13 16 *** owen, john b. [2nd cousin] - born to owen, john b. and cowen, julia ann s. (owen) near livingston tennessee
1864/--/-- 16 - a chinese army under gordon recaptures nanking and ends the taiping rebellion.
1864/--/-- 16 - a union army under sherman invades georgia, begining the atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 16 - cheyenne and arapaho families massacred at sand creek, colorado
1864/--/-- 16 - denmark is defeated by prussia; schleswig-holstein is ceded to germany.
1864/--/-- 16 - nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the union.
1864/--/-- 16 - paraguayan dictator francisco solano lopez begins the war of the triple alliance.
1864/--/-- 16 - sherman defeats the confederates at atlanta and begins his march to the sea.

1864/--/-- 16 - the colorado militia massacre cheyenne indians at sand creek.
1864/--/-- 16 - the confederate submarine hunley sinks a federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 16 - the geneva convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 16 - the ionian islands are ceded to greece by britain.
1864/--/-- 16 - the union launches a drive on richmond but falters in the wilderness campaign.
1864/--/-- 16 - ulysses s. grant is made general in chief of all the union armies.
1864/08/09 17 *** cowan, john l. [1st cousin once removed] - died cowan cem. clinton county ky
1865/--/-- 17 - andrew johnson (republican) becomes president of the united states
1865/--/-- 17 - andrew johnson becomes the 17th president of the u.s.
1865/--/-- 17 - civil war ends
1865/--/-- 17 - confederate forces under lee surrender to grant at appomattox court house.
1865/--/-- 17 - count leo tolstoi begins his monumental russian novel war and peace.
1865/--/-- 17 - english author lewis carroll writes alice's adventures in wonderland.
1865/--/-- 17 - johnston surrenders the last confederate army to sherman, ending the u.s. civil war.
1865/--/-- 17 - leo tolstoy "war and peace"
1865/--/-- 17 - lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 17 - lincoln is assassinated by john wilkes booth at ford's theatre in washington d.c.
1865/--/-- 17 - russian author fyodor dostoevsky publishes crime and punishment.
1865/--/-- 17 - the 13th amendment to the u.s. constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 17 - the petersburg campaign is won by union forces; lee evacuates richmond.
1865/04/23 18 *** parmley, james robert [nephew] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1866/--/-- 18 - british engineer robert whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 18 - congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the u.s.
1866/--/-- 18 - mendel publishes his genetic research in experiments with plant hybrids.
1866/--/-- 18 - prussia and italy defeat austria in the seven weeks' war.
1866/--/-- 18 - the ku klux klan is founded in the southern united states.
1866/03/11 18 *** cowen, julia ann s. (owen) [1st cousin once removed] - died suicide peolia cem. clinton county ky
1867/--/-- 19 - alfred nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 19 - bismark forms the north german confederation under prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 19 - diamond fields are discovered in south africa.
1867/--/-- 19 - english photographer julia margaret cameron takes sir john herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 19 - french troops withdraw from mexico; emperor maximilian is executed by juarez.
1867/--/-- 19 - karl marx publishes the first volume of das kapital.
1867/--/-- 19 - nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the union.
1867/--/-- 19 - sir john a. macdonald becomes canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 19 - the compromise (ausgleich) of 1867 creates the dual monarchy of austria-hungary.
1867/--/-- 19 - the dominion of canada is established by the british north america act.
1868/--/-- 20 *** parmley, nancy m. (bertram) [niece] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1868/--/-- 20 - a military coup led by general juan prim deposes queen isabella ii of spain.
1868/--/-- 20 - a skeleton of cro-magnon man is discovered in southern france.
1868/--/-- 20 - british labor unions form the trades union congress.
1868/--/-- 20 - christopher sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 20 - chulalongkorn succeeds his father mongkut as the king of siam (thailand).
1868/--/-- 20 - feminists susan b. anthony and elizabeth cady stanton publish revolution.
1868/--/-- 20 - johannes brahms' a german requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 20 - ndebele king mzilikazi dies in africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son lobengula.
1868/--/-- 20 - the meiji dynasty is restored in japan; the tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 20 - the ten years' war begins in cuba against spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 20 - u.s. president andrew johnson is impeached by congress but acquitted by the senate.
1868/--/-- 20 - william gladstone becomes liberal prime minister of britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 21 - 200 pitched battles between indians and u.s. calvary
1869/--/-- 21 - english author matthew arnold publishes culture and anarchy.
1869/--/-- 21 - french artist eugene louis boudin paints on the beach at deauville.
1869/--/-- 21 - grant is inaugurated as the 18th u.s. president; colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 21 - james gordon bennett jr. commissions stanley to search for livingston in africa.
1869/--/-- 21 - john roebling designs the brooklyn bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 21 - louis riel leads the red river rebellion in canada.
1869/--/-- 21 - ludwig ii (mad ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in bavaria.
1869/--/-- 21 - philadelphia garment workers organize the knights of labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 21 - pope pius ix calls the first vatican council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 21 - russian composer modest mussorgsky begins work on his opera boris gudunov.
1869/--/-- 21 - suez canal opens
1869/--/-- 21 - the cincinnati red stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 21 - the suez canal is opened in egypt.
1869/--/-- 21 - the first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 21 - the transcontinental railroad is completed at promontory point, utah.
1869/--/-- 21 - ulysses s. grant (republican) becomes president of the united states
1869/--/-- 21 - union pacific meets central pacific
1870/--/-- 22 - american industrialist john d. rockefeller founds the standard oil company.
1870/--/-- 22 - french war minister leon gambetta escapes from besieged paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 22 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of troy.
1870/--/-- 22 - paraguayan dictator solano lopez dies, ending the war of the triple alliance.
1870/--/-- 22 - rome becomes the capital of the kingdom of italy.
1870/--/-- 22 - the franco-prussian war begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by bismark.
1870/--/-- 22 - the prussians defeat the french at sedan; napoleon iii is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 22 - the third republic is formed in france; a government of national defense is established.
1870/--/-- 22 - the city of miami is founded in florida.
1870/11/15 23 *** parmley, margaret l. (wood) [niece] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1871/--/-- 23 - american explorer henry morton stanley finds dr. livingston in central africa.
1871/--/-- 23 - charles taze russell founds the jehovah's witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 23 - fire destroys one-third of the city of chicago.
1871/--/-- 23 - p.t barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 23 - the franco-prussian war ends; alsace and lorraine are ceded to germany.
1871/--/-- 23 - the french surrender to prussia incites the commune of paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 23 - the german empire is formally proclaimed at the palace of versailles.
1871/--/-- 23 - the paris commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 23 - trade unions legalized in britain
1872/--/-- 24 - american artist james mcneill whistler paints the portrait of the artist's mother.
1872/--/-- 24 - english author george eliot (mary anne evans) publishes middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 24 - indian leader kintpuash leaves the modoc reservation; the modoc wars begin.
1872/--/-- 24 - monet paints impression: sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 24 - photographer eadweard muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 24 - the challenger expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 24 - the cities of buda and pest unite to form budapest (the capital of hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 24 - the death of kamehameha v ends the kamehameha dynasty of hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 24 - the first woman impressionist artist berthe morisot paints the cradle.
1873/--/-- 25 - englishman maj. walter clopton wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 25 - french novelist jules verne publishes around the world in eighty days.
1873/--/-- 25 - the pacific scandal in canada causes the collapse of the conservative government.
1873/--/-- 25 - the panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 26 - benjamin disraeli becomes the conservative prime minister of britain.
1874/--/-- 26 - english author thomas hardy publishes far from the madding crowd.
1874/--/-- 26 - first impressionist exhibit in paris
1874/--/-- 26 - french impressionist artist pierre auguste renoir paints la loge (the box).
1874/--/-- 26 - the comanche, kiowa and other indian tribes attack adobe walls in texas.
1874/--/-- 26 - the greenback party advocates currency reform in the u.s.
1874/--/-- 26 - the first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in paris.
1874/03/13 26 *** cowan, james v. [1st cousin once removed] - died cowan cem. clinton county ky
1875/--/-- 27 - american author mark twain publishes tom sawyer.
1875/--/-- 27 - britain buys suez canal shares from the bankrupt egyptian leader ismail pasha.
1875/--/-- 27 - charles stewart parnell begins movement for irish independence
1875/--/-- 27 - georges bizet's opera carmen is performed in paris.
1875/--/-- 27 - mary baker eddy, founder of christian science, publishes science and health.
1875/--/-- 27 - the bourbon monarchy is restored in spain under alfonso xii.
1875/02/16 27 *** grider, george w. [nephew] - born to grider, smith and pierce, ann eliza (grider)
1875/06/18 28 *** parmley, rachel (upchurch) [niece] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1876/--/-- 28 - abd al-hamid ii assumes his rule as the last ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 28 - alexander graham bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 28 - alexander graham bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 28 - british philosopher herbert spencer begins publishing the principles of sociology.
1876/--/-- 28 - colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the union.
1876/--/-- 28 - general porfirio diaz seizes power as the dictator of mexico.
1876/--/-- 28 - german archaeologist heinrich schliemann excavates the ancient city of mycenae.
1876/--/-- 28 - impressionist artist alfred sisley paints flood at the port of marly.
1876/--/-- 28 - japan forces korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of china.
1876/--/-- 28 - johann strauss jr. composes his waltz the beautiful blue danube.
1876/--/-- 28 - national league founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 28 - queen victoria assumes the title of empress of india.
1876/--/-- 28 - sioux indians defeat general custer at the battle of little bighorn.
1876/--/-- 28 - sioux and cheyenne defeat custer at little big horn, montanna
1876/--/-- 28 - the bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of wagner's ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 28 - the u.s. centennial exposition of 1876 is held in fairmount park, philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 29 - britain annexes transvaal in south africa.
1877/--/-- 29 - chief joseph leads the nez perce tribe against the u.s. army.
1877/--/-- 29 - hayes is inaugurated as the 19th u.s. president; wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 29 - italian astronomer giovanni schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on mars.
1877/--/-- 29 - nez perce leave idaho for canada
1877/--/-- 29 - rutherford b. hayes (republican) becomes president of the united states
1877/--/-- 29 - tchaikovsky's swan lake is performed by the bolshoi ballet in moscow.
1877/--/-- 29 - the all-england lawn tennis championship is played at wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 29 - the japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by saigo takamori.
1877/--/-- 29 - thomas edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 29 - turkish suppression of balkan nationalists leads to a new russo-turkish war.
1877/01/17 29 *** parmley, eliza lizzie (braswell) [niece] - born to parmley, james smiley and pierce, elizabeth ann (parmley)
1878/--/-- 30 - ismail pasha presents cleopatra's needles to britain (1878) and the u.s. (1880).
1878/--/-- 30 - northern cheyenne escape indian territory
1878/--/-- 30 - serbia, montenegro and romania are granted independence from turkey.
1878/--/-- 30 - the congress of berlin reverses russian gains from the san stefano treaty.
1878/--/-- 30 - the d'oyly carte opera company performs gilbert and sullivan's h.m.s. pinafore.
1878/--/-- 30 - the russo-turkish war ends; the treaty of san stefano is imposed on turkey.
1878/--/-- 30 - the second anglo-afghan war begins.
1878/--/-- 30 - turkey's provinces of bosnia and hercegovina are placed under austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 31 - belgian king leopold ii sponsors henry morton stanley's expedition to the congo.
1879/--/-- 31 - cetewayo's zulus defeat the british at isandhlwana, but are beaten at ulundi.
1879/--/-- 31 - charles stewart parnell leads the home rule for ireland party.
1879/--/-- 31 - general roca defeats the patagonian indians, opening the pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 31 - impressionist artist edgar degas paints ballerina posing for a photograph.
1879/--/-- 31 - norwegian playwright henrik ibsen writes a doll's house.
1879/--/-- 31 - tawfiq pasha succeeds his father ismail pasha as khedive (viceroy) of egypt.
1879/--/-- 31 - territorial disputes lead to the war of the pacific between chile and peru.
1879/--/-- 31 - thomas edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 31 - thomas edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 32 *** guthrie, james h. [nephew] - born to pierce, mary susan (guthrie)
1880/--/-- 32 - american impressionist artist mary cassatt exhibits a woman in black at the opera.
1880/--/-- 32 - australian bushranger ned kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 32 - boer (afrikaner) uprisings begin against the british in transvaal, south africa.
1880/--/-- 32 - france annexes the pacific island of tahiti.
1880/--/-- 32 - french novelist emile zola writes nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 32 - german composer jacques offenbach writes the opera tales of hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 32 - gladstone succeeds disraeli as british prime minister.
1880/--/-- 32 - russian composer peter ilich tchaikovsky writes the 1812 overture.
1880/03/12 32 *** pierce, mary susan (guthrie) [sister] - died albany cem. - albany ky
1881/--/-- 33 - alexander ii is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in russia.
1881/--/-- 33 - chester a. arthur (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 33 - chester a. arthur is inaugurated as the 21st u.s. president.
1881/--/-- 33 - ferdinand de lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the panama canal.
1881/--/-- 33 - garfield is inaugurated as the 20th u.s. president; arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 33 - james a. garfield (republican) becomes president of the united states
1881/--/-- 33 - japanese statesman itagaki taisuke founds the jiyuto (liberal party).
1881/--/-- 33 - lillie langtry, mistress of the prince of wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 33 - president garfield is assassinated by charles j. guiteau.
1881/--/-- 33 - the sudanese under mahdi muhammad ahmad overthrow egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 33 - the first u.s. tennis championship is held in newport, r.i.
1881/01/08 33 *** grider, orestes smith [nephew] - born to grider, smith and pierce, ann eliza (grider)
1882/--/-- 34 - a triple alliance is established between austria, italy and germany.
1882/--/-- 34 - edison's new york plant begins supplying 59 customers with electricity.
1882/--/-- 34 - impressionist artist edouard manet completes the bar at the folies-bergere.
1882/--/-- 34 - japanese statesman okuma shigenobu founds the kaishinto, or progressive, party.
1882/--/-- 34 - the british take control of egypt, suppressing uprisings against tawfiq pasha.
1882/--/-- 34 - the u.s. begins to restrict immigration with the chinese exclusion acts.
1883/--/-- 35 - buffalo bill cody organizes his wild west show.
1883/--/-- 35 - civil service established
1883/--/-- 35 - cyrus h. k. curtis publishes the lady's home journal magazine.
1883/--/-- 35 - german philosopher frederich wilhelm nietzsche begins thus spake zarathustra.
1883/--/-- 35 - maxim invents machine gun
1883/--/-- 35 - paul kruger becomes president of the boer republic of the transvaal in south africa.
1883/--/-- 35 - russian scientist tsiolkovsky proves that a rocket could work in the vacuum of space.
1883/--/-- 35 - the brooklyn bridge is completed in new york.
1883/--/-- 35 - the fabian society is founded in london to spread socialist ideas.
1883/--/-- 35 - the island volcano of krakatoa explodes in indonesia, causing 36,000 deaths.
1883/--/-- 35 - the first skyscraper (10 stories) is built in chicago by william lebaron jenney.
1884/--/-- 36 - 15 european nations partition africa for "spheres of influence"
1884/--/-- 36 - american author mark twain publishes the adventures of huckleberry finn.
1884/--/-- 36 - belva lockwood becomes the first woman nominated as a u.s. presidential candidate.
1884/--/-- 36 - german east africa is formed from rwanda, mozambique,tanzania and burundi.
1884/--/-- 36 - germany occupies south west africa (namibia).
1884/--/-- 36 - lewis e. waterman invents the first fountain pen with an ink reservoir.
1885/--/-- 37 - boston symphony orchestra organizes its promenade concerts (the boston pops).
1885/--/-- 37 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 22nd u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1885/--/-- 37 - french chemist louis pasteur develops a vaccine for rabies.
1885/--/-- 37 - general gordon is killed by mahdist forces at the siege of khartoum in sudan.
1885/--/-- 37 - gottlieb daimler develops the first motorcycle.
1885/--/-- 37 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1885/--/-- 37 - j. k. stanley introduces his safety cycle, the basic model for the modern bicycle.
1885/--/-- 37 - louis pasteur administers successful rabies vaccination
1885/--/-- 37 - the congo free state (zaire) becomes the possession of king leopold ii of belgium.
1885/--/-- 37 - the indian national congress movement is founded in bombay.
1886/--/-- 38 - apache indian chief geronimo surrenders to general nelson miles.
1886/--/-- 38 - britain makes burma a province of india after winning the anglo-burma war.
1886/--/-- 38 - british prime minister gladstone introduces an unsuccessful home rule bill for ireland.
1886/--/-- 38 - french sculptor auguste rodin completes the kiss.
1886/--/-- 38 - gold is discovered in transvaal, south africa.
1886/--/-- 38 - haymarket square labor riot in chicago kills eleven people
1886/--/-- 38 - jose balmaceda becomes president of chile.
1886/--/-- 38 - samuel gompers organizes the american federation of labor.
1886/--/-- 38 - the anglo-german agreement recognizes german control over tanganyika (tanzania).
1886/--/-- 38 - the statue of liberty is unveiled in new york harbor.
1887/--/-- 39 - arthur conan doyle publishes the first sherlock holmes story.
1887/--/-- 39 - france creates the union of indochina (most of modern day vietnam and kampuchea).
1887/--/-- 39 - the michelson-morley experiment confirms the absence of ether.
1888/--/-- 40 - a patent is issued to american inventor john h. loud for the first ball-point pen.
1888/--/-- 40 - american inventor george eastman introduces the kodak box camera.
1888/--/-- 40 - britain unites its caribbean colonies of trinidad and tobago.
1888/--/-- 40 - dutch artist vincent van gogh paints still life with sunflowers.
1888/--/-- 40 - eastman's kodak camera begins amateur photography
1888/--/-- 40 - jack the ripper murders seven women in london.
1888/--/-- 40 - russian composer nikolai rimsky-korsakov writes scheherazade.
1888/--/-- 40 - the national geographic magazine is published for the first time.
1888/--/-- 40 - william ii succeeds frederick iii as emperor of germany.
1888/10/17 41 *** wray, sarah susan (cowan) & cowan, william j. "bill" [2nd cousin] - married albany, ky
1889/--/-- 41 - benjamin harrison (republican) becomes president of the united states
1889/--/-- 41 - benjamin harrison is inaugurated as the 23rd u.s. president.
1889/--/-- 41 - crown prince rudolf of austria commits suicide at mayerling.
1889/--/-- 41 - german revolutionary rosa luxemburg is exiled in switzerland.
1889/--/-- 41 - gustave eiffel designs the eiffel tower for the paris exposition.
1889/--/-- 41 - japan's first prime minister ito hirobumi introduces the meiji constitution.
1889/--/-- 41 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state.
1889/--/-- 41 - montana is inaugurated as the 41st state; washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1889/--/-- 41 - north dakota and south dakota are inaugurated as the 39th and 40th states.
1889/--/-- 41 - north dakota is inaugurated as the 39th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 41 - pedro ii emperor of brazil is overthrown in a coup; brazil is declared a republic.
1889/--/-- 41 - south dakota is inaugurated as the 40th state of the union.
1889/--/-- 41 - washington is inaugurated as the 42nd state.
1890/--/-- 42 *** cowan, william j. [1st cousin once removed] - died cowan cem. clinton county ky
1890/--/-- 42 - afl founded by s gompers
1890/--/-- 42 - american naval officer alfred mahan publishes the influence of sea power upon history.
1890/--/-- 42 - american psychologist william james publishes the principles of psychology.
1890/--/-- 42 - cecil rhodes becomes prime minister of the cape colony in south africa.
1890/--/-- 42 - claude debussy begins composing suite bergamasque, including clair de lune.
1890/--/-- 42 - dutch artist vincent van gogh commits suicide.
1890/--/-- 42 - german chancellor otto von bismarck is dismissed by emperor william ii.
1890/--/-- 42 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state.
1890/--/-- 42 - idaho is inaugurated as the 43rd state; wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 42 - indian poet rabindranath tagore publishes manasi (the mind's embodiment).
1890/--/-- 42 - photographer jacob riis documents new york's poor in how the other half lives.
1890/--/-- 42 - sherman antitrust act
1890/--/-- 42 - sioux indians are massacred at the battle of wounded knee.
1890/--/-- 42 - the british south africa company occupies zimbabwe; conflicts begin with the ndebele.
1890/--/-- 42 - the forth railway bridge is opened, replacing the brooklyn bridge as the longest span.
1890/--/-- 42 - wyoming is inaugurated as the 44th state.
1890/--/-- 42 - zanzibar becomes a british protectorate.
1890/07/07 43 *** pierce, lewis [father] - died albany cem. albany, ky
1891/--/-- 43 - anglo-irish author oscar wilde publishes his only novel the picture of dorian gray.
1891/--/-- 43 - english novelist thomas hardy writes tess of the d'urbervilles.
1891/--/-- 43 - eugene dubois discovers the first homo erectus remains on java in indonesia.
1891/--/-- 43 - french postimpressionist artist paul gauguin travels to tahiti.
1891/--/-- 43 - james naismith devises the game of basketball in springfield, mass.
1891/--/-- 43 - the american express company introduces the first traveler's checks.
1892/--/-- 44 - french artist henri de toulouse-lautrec paints at the moulin rouge.
1892/--/-- 44 - impressionist artist paul cezanne completes the card players.
1892/--/-- 44 - james j. corbett wins the heavyweight boxing championship from john l. sullivan.
1892/--/-- 44 - strike at carnegie steel results in ten deaths
1892/--/-- 44 - the san francisco examiner begins printing the first newspaper comic strip.
1892/--/-- 44 - writer and political revolutionary jose marti founds the cuban revolutionary party.
1892/03/23 44 *** cowan, david c. [1st cousin once removed] - died albany cem. - albany ky
1893/--/-- 45 - american artist louis comfort tiffany begins producing art nouveau glassware.
1893/--/-- 45 - cleveland is inaugurated as the 24th u.s. president; hendricks becomes vice-president.
1893/--/-- 45 - france adds laos to "protectorate" of indochina
1893/--/-- 45 - france adds laos to the union of indochina.
1893/--/-- 45 - gladstone's second irish home rule bill is vetoed by the house of lords in britain.
1893/--/-- 45 - grover cleveland (democrat) becomes president of the united states
1893/--/-- 45 - queen liliuokalani is ousted in hawaii; sanford b. dole, is elected president (1894).
1893/--/-- 45 - the ivory coast becomes a french colony.
1893/--/-- 45 - victor horta's tassel house in brussels initiates the art nouveau architectural style.
1894/--/-- 46 - britain establishes a protectorate over buganda and conquers the rest of uganda.
1894/--/-- 46 - czech decorative artist alfons mucha designs a poster of sarah bernhardt.
1894/--/-- 46 - dreyfus case splits france
1894/--/-- 46 - english artist aubrey beardsley illustrates oscar wilde's salome.
1894/--/-- 46 - english author rudyard kipling publishes the jungle book.
1894/--/-- 46 - percival lowell builds an observatory to study the martian canals.
1894/--/-- 46 - rebellion in korea begins the first sino-japanese war.
1894/--/-- 46 - the arrest of army captain albert dreyfus creates a political crisis in france.
1894/--/-- 46 - thousands of armenians are massacred in turkey.
1895/--/-- 47 - anglo-irish playwright oscar wilde writes the importance of being earnest.
1895/--/-- 47 - japan defeats china; the shimonoseki treaty establishes korean independence.
1895/--/-- 47 - louis and auguste lumiere show the first motion pictures to a paris cafe audience.
1895/--/-- 47 - russian revolutionary vladimir ilich lenin is exiled to siberia.
1895/--/-- 47 - sir henry irving becomes the first british actor to be knighted.
1895/--/-- 47 - the american bowling congress (abc) is founded.
1895/--/-- 47 - the cuban war of independence begins against spain; jose marti is killed in battle.
1895/--/-- 47 - the jameson raid on the boer republic of transvaal increases anti-british hostility.
1895/--/-- 47 - the first list of best-selling books is published by the bookman magazine.
1895/--/-- 47 - wilhelm rontgen discovers x-rays
1895/--/-- 47 - x rays are discovered by german physicist wilhelm c. roentgen.
1896/--/-- 48 - a tsunami (tidal wave) kills 27,000 people in japan.
1896/--/-- 48 - italian composer giacomo puccini writes the opera la boheme.
1896/--/-- 48 - john philip sousa composes the stars and stripes forever.
1896/--/-- 48 - king menelik ii defeats the italians at adwa, maintaining ethiopian independence.
1896/--/-- 48 - supreme court rules "separate but equal" legal
1896/--/-- 48 - the first modern olympic games are held at athens in greece; 13 countries compete.
1896/--/-- 48 - utah is inaugurated as the 45th state of the union.
1896/09/08 49 *** parmley, james robert [nephew] - died davis chapel cem. clinton county ky
1897/--/-- 49 - american comic strip the katzenjammer kids is begun by rudolph dirks.
1897/--/-- 49 - austrian artist gustav klimt helps to found the vienna secession group.
1897/--/-- 49 - british physician havelock ellis begins his studies in the psychology of sex.
1897/--/-- 49 - english author rudyard kipling publishes captains courageous.
1897/--/-- 49 - french dramatist edmond rostand writes cyrano de bergerac.
1897/--/-- 49 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the sleeping gypsy.
1897/--/-- 49 - mckinley is inaugurated as the 25th u.s. president; hobart becomes vice-president.
1897/--/-- 49 - russian author anton chekhov writes the play uncle vanya.
1897/--/-- 49 - stanislavsky founds the moscow art theater and begins the method acting technique.
1897/--/-- 49 - the first subway un the u.s. opens in boston.
1897/--/-- 49 - theodor herzl organizes the world zionist congress at basel in switzerland.
1897/--/-- 49 - william mckinley (republican) becomes president of the united states
1898/--/-- 50 - anglo-irish playwright george bernard shaw publishes arms and the man.
1898/--/-- 50 - britain obtains a 99-year lease for hong kong from the chinese.
1898/--/-- 50 - commodore dewey destroys the spanish fleet in manila harbor.
1898/--/-- 50 - cuba occupied by u.s. and released
1898/--/-- 50 - english author h. g. wells publishes the war of the worlds.
1898/--/-- 50 - spain cedes puerto rico, guam and the philippines to the u.s. in the treaty of paris.
1898/--/-- 50 - spanish-american war, cuba, phillipines, us
1898/--/-- 50 - the boxer uprising begins in china; empress tz'u-hsi imprisons the emperor.
1898/--/-- 50 - the british under kitchener defeat the mahdists at omdurman in sudan.
1898/--/-- 50 - the fashoda incident leads to a french withdrawal from the sudan.
1898/--/-- 50 - the spanish fleet is destroyed off cuba; spain sues for peace.
1898/--/-- 50 - the spanish-american war begins with a declaration of war by congress.
1898/--/-- 50 - the u.s. army uses machine guns for the first time in the battle of santiago.
1898/--/-- 50 - the u.s. battleship maine explodes in the spanish port of manila in the philippines.
1898/--/-- 50 - u.s. troops land on cuba; theodore roosevelt's rough riders are in action.
1898/--/-- 50 - william randolph hearst's yellow journalism inflames anti-spanish feelings.
1898/06/10 51 *** cowan, rachel (pierce) [mother] - died albany cem. albany, ky
1899/--/-- 51 *** cowan, william j. "bill" [2nd cousin] - died cowan cem. clinton county ky
1899/--/-- 51 - american artist winslow homer paints the gulf stream.
1899/--/-- 51 - american composer scott joplin publishes his maple leaf rag.
1899/--/-- 51 - designer charles rennie mackintosh completes the glasgow school of art.
1899/--/-- 51 - english composer edward elgar writes the enigma variations.
1899/--/-- 51 - journalist and future statesman winston churchill escapes from boer captivity.
1899/--/-- 51 - sigmund freud "interpretation of dreams"
1899/--/-- 51 - the british under robert baden-powell are besieged by the boers at mafeking.
1899/--/-- 51 - the south african war begins between the boers (afrikaners) and the british.
1899/--/-- 51 - u.s. secretary of state john m. hay advocates an open door policy for china.
1900/--/-- 52 - american novelist theodore dreiser publishes his first novel sister carrie.
1900/--/-- 52 - an international force lifts the boxer siege of peking.
1900/--/-- 52 - british politician keir hardie helps to found the labour party.
1900/--/-- 52 - chinese nationalists besiege foreigners in peking during the boxer uprising.
1900/--/-- 52 - dutch physiologist willem einthoven invents the electrocardiograph.
1900/--/-- 52 - hawaii is made a u.s. territory; sanford dole serves as the first governor.
1900/--/-- 52 - hector guimard uses art nouveau designs for the entrances to the paris metro.
1900/--/-- 52 - humbert i is assassinated; he is succeeded by victor emanuel iii as king of italy.
1900/--/-- 52 - italian author gabriele d'annunzio publishes the flame of life.
1900/--/-- 52 - james j. jeffries beats jim corbett to retain the heavyweight boxing title.
1900/--/-- 52 - max planck formulates the quantum theory in physics.
1900/--/-- 52 - psychoanalyst sigmund freud publishes the interpretation of dreams.
1900/--/-- 52 - sir arthur evans begins the excavation of the minoan palace at knossos, crete.
1900/--/-- 52 - the boers begin a guerrilla war against the british occupation forces.
1900/--/-- 52 - the british defeat the boer (afrikaner) armies in south africa and occupy pretoria.
1900/--/-- 52 - the u.s. wins the first davis cup tennis contest.
1901/--/-- 53 - a 39,000 year-old frozen mammoth is discovered in russia.
1901/--/-- 53 - a stele bearing the code of hammurabi is discovered in susa, iran.
1901/--/-- 53 - american surgeon walter reed proves that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes.
1901/--/-- 53 - an american league of baseball is formed in competition to the national league.
1901/--/-- 53 - andrew carnegie sells his company and devotes himself to philanthropy.
1901/--/-- 53 - britain incorporates ashanti territory into the gold coast (ghana).
1901/--/-- 53 - english author beatrix potter publishes her children's book the tale of peter rabbit.
1901/--/-- 53 - guglielmo marconi tests radio transmissions between england and newfoundland.
1901/--/-- 53 - king c. gillette founds the american safety razor company.
1901/--/-- 53 - pres. mckinley shot by anarchist
1901/--/-- 53 - president mckinley is assassinated by the anarchist leon czolgosz.
1901/--/-- 53 - queen victoria dies; she is succeeded by her son edward vii.
1901/--/-- 53 - russia occupies manchuria in north-east china.
1901/--/-- 53 - sergei rachmaninoff writes his second piano concerto.
1901/--/-- 53 - sir edward elgar composes the first of his five pomp and circumstance marches.
1901/--/-- 53 - spanish painter pablo picasso's blue period begins.
1901/--/-- 53 - temperance advocate carry nation uses a hatchet to attack a kansas saloon.
1901/--/-- 53 - the commonwealth of australia is founded.
1901/--/-- 53 - the first u.s. national bowling tournament is held.
1901/--/-- 53 - theodore roosevelt (republican) becomes president of the united states
1901/--/-- 53 - theodore roosevelt is inaugurated as the 26th u.s. president.
1901/--/-- 53 - victor l. berger and eugene v. debs help found the american socialist party.
1901/01/02 53 - edward vii succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1901/03/31 54 *** parmley, rachel (upchurch) [niece] & upchurch, william fox - married
1901/12/25 54 *** upchurch, felix [great nephew] - born to upchurch, william fox and parmley, rachel (upchurch)
1902/--/-- 54 *** cowan, l. jane (owen) [1st cousin once removed] - died oak hill cem. elk city kansas
1902/--/-- 54 - american artist robert henri paints the new york street scene west 57th street.
1902/--/-- 54 - conan doyle writes the sherlock holmes adventure the hound of the baskervilles.
1902/--/-- 54 - english author joseph conrad publishes heart of darkness.
1902/--/-- 54 - french filmmaker georges melies produces a trip to the moon.
1902/--/-- 54 - italian opera singer enrico caruso makes his first phonographic recording.
1902/--/-- 54 - maksim gorky's the lower depths is produced at the moscow art theater.
1902/--/-- 54 - oliver wendell holmes jr. is appointed to the u.s. supreme court.
1902/--/-- 54 - roosevelt begins conservation of forests
1902/--/-- 54 - the photo-secession group is founded in new york by photographer alfred stieglitz.
1902/--/-- 54 - the treaty of vereeniging ends the south african war.
1902/08/-- 55 - edward vii crowned king of great britain and ireland and emperor of india at wes
1903/--/-- 55 - alexander, king of serbia, is assassinated; he is succeeded by peter i.
1903/--/-- 55 - american author jack london publishes the call of the wild.
1903/--/-- 55 - american novelist henry james publishes the ambassadors.
1903/--/-- 55 - bernard shaw's play man and superman is produced in london.
1903/--/-- 55 - colonel francis younghusband leads a british military expedition into tibet.
1903/--/-- 55 - edwin s. porter directs the pioneering western film the great train robbery.
1903/--/-- 55 - emmeline pankhurst founds the women's social and political union in britain.
1903/--/-- 55 - marie and pierre curie win the nobel prize for physics for their work on radioactivity.
1903/--/-- 55 - orville wright makes the first successful flight in a self-propelled airplane.
1903/--/-- 55 - panama declares its independence from columbia; the u.s. recognizes the new republic.
1903/--/-- 55 - the rolls-royce automobile company is founded in britain.
1903/--/-- 55 - the u.s. acquires perpetual control over the panama canal zone.
1903/--/-- 55 - the first world series baseball game is played.
1903/--/-- 55 - vladimir ilich lenin organizes the bolshevik revolutionary group.
1903/--/-- 55 - wright bros. first airplane
1903/10/-- 56 - world series nl pittsburgh (3) al boston (5)
1904/--/-- 56 - italian composer giacomo puccini's opera madame butterfly is produced.
1904/--/-- 56 - ivan pavlov, discoverer of the conditioned reflex, is awarded the nobel prize.
1904/--/-- 56 - james barrie's play peter pan is produced in london.
1904/--/-- 56 - max weber publishes the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
1904/--/-- 56 - roosevelt asserts u.s. right to intervene in latin america
1904/--/-- 56 - russia and japan at war
1904/--/-- 56 - russian author anton chekhov's play the cherry orchard is produced.
1904/--/-- 56 - territorial disputes in manchuria begin the russo-japanese war.
1904/--/-- 56 - the abbey theatre is founded in dublin.
1904/--/-- 56 - the new york city subway is opened.
1904/12/05 57 *** grider, golda (thrasher) [great niece] - born to grider, george w. and duvall, myrtle "myrtie" (grider)
1905/--/-- 57 - a general strike and revolution begin in russia; nicholas ii grants a constitution.
1905/--/-- 57 - albert einstein proposes special theory of relativity
1905/--/-- 57 - ambrose fleming invents the thermionic valve, used to improve radio reception.
1905/--/-- 57 - american humorist and actor will rogers makes his new york city debut.
1905/--/-- 57 - american labor leader eugene v. debs founds the industrial workers of the world.
1905/--/-- 57 - chinese revolutionary sun yat-sen founds the t'ung-meng hui (alliance society).
1905/--/-- 57 - ernst ludwig kirchner organizes the expressionist painters group die brucke.
1905/--/-- 57 - french territorial ambitions spark the first moroccan crisis.
1905/--/-- 57 - german physicist albert einstein proposes his special theory of relativity.
1905/--/-- 57 - german poet rainer maria rilke publishes the book of hours.
1905/--/-- 57 - henri matisse and andre derain form the fauves (wild beasts) art movement.
1905/--/-- 57 - psychologist alfred binet develops intelligence tests for school children.
1905/--/-- 57 - roosevelt begins his second term as u.s. president; fairbanks becomes vice-president.
1905/--/-- 57 - the cullinan diamond is found in south africa; it weighs 3,106 carats.
1905/--/-- 57 - the russian fleet is destroyed by the japanese at the battle of tsushima.
1905/--/-- 57 - the sinn fein irish nationalist movement is founded by arthur griffith.
1905/--/-- 57 - the union of norway and sweden is dissolved; haakon vii is elected king of norway.
1905/--/-- 57 - w.e.b. du bois forms the niagara movement to demand full civil rights for black americans.
1905/--/-- 57 - mini-revolution in russia
1905/01/26 57 *** upchurch, felix [great nephew] - died
1905/03/04 57 *** pierce, ann eliza (grider) [sister] - died albany cem. albany ky
1905/10/-- 58 - world series nl new york (4) al philadelphia (1)
1906/--/-- 58 - british author john galsworthy publishes the first novel of the forsythe saga.
1906/--/-- 58 - h.m.s. dreadnought, the first modern battleship, is launched.
1906/--/-- 58 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen traverses the northwest passage.
1906/--/-- 58 - the aga khan iii forms the all-india moslim league.
1906/--/-- 58 - the dreyfus affair ends with the pardoning of french army officer alfred dreyfus.
1906/--/-- 58 - the san francisco earthquake kills 700.
1906/--/-- 58 - under the platt amendment u.s. troops return to cuba to quell rebellion and restore order.
1906/--/-- 58 - upton sinclair's novel the jungle leads to the u.s. pure foods and drugs act.
1906/05/27 59 *** upchurch, sallie mae (dyer) [great niece] - born to upchurch, william fox and parmley, rachel (upchurch)
1906/10/-- 59 - world series nl chicago (2) al chicago (4)
1907/--/-- 59 - a triple entente is formed between britain, france and russia.
1907/--/-- 59 - anna pavlova dances the dying swan, choreographed by mikhail fokine.
1907/--/-- 59 - irish playwright j.m. synge writes the playboy of the western world.
1907/--/-- 59 - lee de forest invents the triode, a key component for amplifying radio signals.
1907/--/-- 59 - oklahoma is inaugurated as the 46th state of the union.
1907/--/-- 59 - rasputin gains influence at the court of russian emperor nicholas ii.
1907/--/-- 59 - the panic of 1907 begins with the collapse of the u.s. stock market.
1907/--/-- 59 - the first ziegfeld follies are staged in new york city.
1907/10/-- 60 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (0)
1908/--/-- 60 *** parmley, mary ellen (crockett) [niece] - died
1908/--/-- 60 - an earthquake at messina in italy kills 80,000.
1908/--/-- 60 - austria-hungary annexes bosnia and hercegovina.
1908/--/-- 60 - austrian artist gustav klimt paints the kiss.
1908/--/-- 60 - automaker william durant founds the general motors company.
1908/--/-- 60 - british soldier robert baden-powell founds the boy scout movement.
1908/--/-- 60 - filmmakers charles pathe and leon gaumont produce the first newsreel.
1908/--/-- 60 - ge patents electric toaster
1908/--/-- 60 - jack johnson becomes the first black heavyweight boxing champion.
1908/--/-- 60 - kenneth grahame publishes his children's story the wind in the willows.
1908/--/-- 60 - king leopold ii of the belgians establishes the independent state of congo in africa.
1908/--/-- 60 - liberal leader herbert asquith becomes prime minister of britain.
1908/--/-- 60 - mary baker eddy establishes the christian science monitor.
1908/--/-- 60 - pablo picasso and georges braque cofound the cubism art movement.
1908/--/-- 60 - the ashcan school of painters exhibit in new york city.
1908/--/-- 60 - the ford motor company produces the first model t automobile.
1908/--/-- 60 - the national association for the advancement of colored people (naacp) is founded.
1908/--/-- 60 - the tunguska fireball explodes in siberia with the force of a modern h-bomb.
1908/--/-- 60 - the young turk revolution in turkey leads to political reform.
1908/10/-- 61 - world series nl chicago (4) al detroit (1)
1909/--/-- 61 - american architect frank lloyd wright builds the robie house in chicago.
1909/--/-- 61 - american artist george bellows paints the prize fight scene stag at sharkey's.
1909/--/-- 61 - american explorer robert e. peary reaches the north pole.
1909/--/-- 61 - american poet william carlos williams publishes poems, his first book.
1909/--/-- 61 - american writer gertrude stein publishes three lives.
1909/--/-- 61 - french aviator louis bleriot makes the first flight across the english channel.
1909/--/-- 61 - naacp in nyc
1909/--/-- 61 - russian impresario serge diaghilev presents the ballet russe in paris.
1909/--/-- 61 - taft is inaugurated as the 27th u.s. president; sherman becomes vice-president.
1909/--/-- 61 - william howard taft (republican) becomes president of the united states
1909/10/-- 62 - world series nl pittsburgh (4) al detroit (3)
1910/--/-- 62 - british empire covers 1/5th of world land area
1910/--/-- 62 - british author arnold bennett publishes clayhanger.
1910/--/-- 62 - british politician winston churchill is appointed first lord of the admiralty.
1910/--/-- 62 - france groups four african territories together as french equatorial africa.
1910/--/-- 62 - french primitive artist henri rousseau paints the dream.
1910/--/-- 62 - french sculptor auguste rodin casts the bronze figure the thinker.
1910/--/-- 62 - fundamentalism begins with "five points"
1910/--/-- 62 - george v succeeds his father edward vii as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/--/-- 62 - german bacteriologist paul ehrlich synthesizes salversan, a cure for syphilis.
1910/--/-- 62 - italian artists led by umberto boccioni found the futurism movement.
1910/--/-- 62 - japanese forces annex korea.
1910/--/-- 62 - madero, villa and zapata lead a revolution against mexican dictator porfirio diaz.
1910/--/-- 62 - russian-born artist wassily kandinsky executes his first abstract painting.
1910/--/-- 62 - the art deco architectural and decorative arts style begins to become popular.
1910/--/-- 62 - the union of south africa is formed; louis botha becomes the first prime minister.
1910/05/-- 63 - george v succeeds as king of great britain and ireland.
1910/10/-- 63 - world series nl chicago (1) al philadelphia (4)
1911/--/-- 63 - american aviator glen curtiss flies the first successful seaplane.
1911/--/-- 63 - american novelist edith wharton publishes ethan frome.
1911/--/-- 63 - american songwriter irving berlin publishes alexander's ragtime band.
1911/--/-- 63 - elmer a. sperry designs the first american gyrocompass.
1911/--/-- 63 - english author g.k. chesterton publishes the first father brown story.
1911/--/-- 63 - german-american anthropologist franz boas publishes the mind of primitive man.
1911/--/-- 63 - hans geiger invents an electrical device to count individual alpha particles.
1911/--/-- 63 - italy's attempts to annex cyrenaica and tripolitania leads to the italo-turkish war.
1911/--/-- 63 - mexican dictator porfirio diaz is overthrown; francisco madero becomes president.
1911/--/-- 63 - norwegian explorer roald amundsen reaches the south pole ahead of robert scott.
1911/--/-- 63 - richard strauss' opera der rosenkavalier is performed for the first time.
1911/--/-- 63 - robert a millikan measures electron's charge
1911/--/-- 63 - russian artist marc chagall paints i and my village.
1911/--/-- 63 - sir ernest rutherford formulates his theory of atomic structure.
1911/--/-- 63 - the ch'ing dynasty is deposed in china; a republic is formed under sun yat-sen.
1911/--/-- 63 - the first film studio is established at hollywood in california.
1911/--/-- 63 - tibet declares its independence from china.
1911/--/-- 63 - willis carrier designs the first practical air conditioning system.
1911/06/02 64 - george v crowned king of great britain and ireland at westminster abbey by randa
1911/08/07 64 *** pierce, martha jane (cook) - died albany cem. - albany ky
1911/10/-- 64 - world series nl new york (2) al philadelphia (4)

in 1847 transportation was by:
          foot
          horse
          bicycle
          train
          steamboat
by 1911 transportation was by:
          balloon
          propeller airplane
in addition.

in 1847 communications was by:
          word of mouth
          post office
          telegraph
by 1911 communications was by:
          telephone
in addition.

in 1847 food preparation was by:
          wood

in 1847 entertainment was by:
          social intercourse
          organized sports
          travel
          professional sports
          movies
          radio
          television
          theme parks
          computer

in 1847 health care was by:
          operations
          anesthetic
          x-rays
          mri

in 1847 war making was by:
          calvary
          gun
          artillery
          submarine
by 1911 war making was by:
          machine guns
          iron clad ships
          tnt
          mines
in addition.

in 1847 navigation was by:
          stars & maps
          compass

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