...Date... AGE Event
1841/--/-- -1 - Edgar Allan Poe writes an early detective story The Murders in the Rue Morgue.
1841/--/-- -1 - George Grey is appointed governor of South Australia to help save the colony.
1841/--/-- -1 - Harrison is inaugurated as the 9th U.S. president; Tyler becomes vice-president.
1841/--/-- -1 - Horace Greeley founds the New York Tribune newspaper.
1841/--/-- -1 - Italian ballerina Carlotta Grisi creates the role of Giselle.
1841/--/-- -1 - John Tyler (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- -1 - Muhammad Ali defeats the Ottomans and becomes the hereditary ruler of Egypt.
1841/--/-- -1 - New Zealand is established as a separate British colony.
1841/--/-- -1 - President Harrison dies; John Tyler is inaugurated as the 10th U.S. president
1841/--/-- -1 - Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne resigns; he is succeeded by Sir Robert Peel.
1841/--/-- -1 - William Henry Harrison (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1841/--/-- -1 - William Henry Talbot patents the calotype photographic process.
1841/04/23 0 *** Sloan, Sarah (Upchurch) - Born
1842/--/-- 0 - 10-hour day for children under 12 in Massachusetts
1842/--/-- 0 - American explorer John C. Fremont begins surveying the Oregon Trail.
1842/--/-- 0 - American showman P.T. Barnum discovers the 40-inch midget Tom Thumb.
1842/--/-- 0 - Austrian physicist Christian Johann Doppler predicts the Doppler effect.
1842/--/-- 0 - China cedes Hong Kong to Britain.
1842/--/-- 0 - China is defeated in the first Opium War; Chinese ports are opened to British trade.
1842/--/-- 0 - Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti writes his opera Don Pasquale.
1842/03/16 0 *** Upchurch, Hiram H. "Ahile" [Husband] - Born
1843/--/-- 1 - A coup in Greece forces King Otto to accept a constitutional monarchy.
1843/--/-- 1 - Black American Sojourner Truth begins her reform mission.
1843/--/-- 1 - Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard publishes Either/Or.
1843/--/-- 1 - English art critic John Ruskin begins publishing Modern Painters.
1843/--/-- 1 - German astronomer Samuel Schwabe discovers the sunspot cycle.
1844/--/-- 2 - Alexander Dumas "The Three Muskateers"
1844/--/-- 2 - Eastern Hispaniola declares independence from Haiti as the Dominican Republic.
1844/--/-- 2 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas pere) publishes The Three Musketeers.
1844/--/-- 2 - Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormons, is killed by a lynch mob.
1844/--/-- 2 - Samuel F.B. Morse establishes the first U.S. telegraph link.
1844/--/-- 2 - Settlers in New South Wales force Britain to stop sending convicts to the colony.
1844/--/-- 2 - The Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) is founded in England.
1844/--/-- 2 - William Henry Talbot begins his Pencil of Nature, the first book of photographs.
1845/--/-- 3 - American author Margaret Fuller publishes Women in the Nineteenth Century.
1845/--/-- 3 - British archaeologist Austen Layard excavates the sites of Nimrud and Nineveh.
1845/--/-- 3 - Civil War ends in Peru; Castilla Ramon is elected as president.
1845/--/-- 3 - Failure of the potato crop leads to a famine in Ireland.
1845/--/-- 3 - Florida is inaugurated as the 27th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 3 - French artists Gavarni and Grandville begin designing the first elaborate posters.
1845/--/-- 3 - German composer Robert Schumann writes his Piano Concerto in A minor.
1845/--/-- 3 - German scientist Alexander von Humboldt publishes the first volume of his Kosmos.
1845/--/-- 3 - James K. Polk (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1845/--/-- 3 - Polk is inaugurated as the 11th U.S. president; Dallas becomes vice-president
1845/--/-- 3 - Sir John Franklin leads an ill-fated expedition in search of the Northwest Passage.
1845/--/-- 3 - The Republic of Texas becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 3 - The Republic of Texas is annexed by the U.S.; it becomes the 28th state of the Union.
1845/--/-- 3 - The Sikh Wars begin in British India.
1845/--/-- 3 - The first clipper ship the Rainbow is built in New York.
1845/--/-- 3 - The term Manifest Destiny is first used in defense of U.S. territorial ambitions.
1846/--/-- 4 - Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone in Paris.
1846/--/-- 4 - American dentist William Morton extracts a tooth using ether as an anesthetic.
1846/--/-- 4 - German astronomer Johann Galle makes the first observation of the planet Neptune.
1846/--/-- 4 - German philosopher Ludwig Feuerbach publishes The Essence of Religion.
1846/--/-- 4 - Henry Creswicke Rawlinson deciphers the Mesopotamian cuneiform script.
1846/--/-- 4 - Iowa is inaugurated as the 29th state of the Union.
1846/--/-- 4 - Mexican War
1846/--/-- 4 - Mormon trek from Navoo to Salt Lake City
1846/--/-- 4 - Oregon boundary with Canada established at 49th parallel
1846/--/-- 4 - The Christy Minstrels begin performing in New York.
1846/--/-- 4 - The Mexican War begins over the U.S. annexation of Texas.
1846/--/-- 4 - The Mexican government collapses; Santa Anna is reelected as president.
1846/--/-- 4 - The Smithsonian Institution is created by Congress.
1846/--/-- 4 - The border between the U.S. and Canada is established, settling the Oregon Question.
1846/--/-- 4 - U.S. forces under Stephen Watts Kearny occupy New Mexico.
1846/--/-- 4 - U.S. forces under Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at Palo Alto and Monterrey.
1846/--/-- 4 - Writer and artist Edward Lear publishes A Book of Nonsense.
1847/--/-- 5 - American missionary Marcus Whitman is killed by Cayuse Indians in Oregon.
1847/--/-- 5 - American oceanographer Matthew Maury publishes his first Wind and Current Charts.
1847/--/-- 5 - Charlotte Bronte publishes Jane Eyre; Emily Bronte publishes Wuthering Heights.
1847/--/-- 5 - English novelist William Makepeace Thackeray begins Vanity Fair.
1847/--/-- 5 - Honore de Balzac completes La Comedie humaine, a collection of over 100 novels.
1847/--/-- 5 - Italian statesman Cavour founds the liberal newspaper Il Risorgimento (resurgence).
1847/--/-- 5 - Maria Mitchell, the first woman astronomer in America, discovers a new comet.
1847/--/-- 5 - Mormons and the Indians
1847/--/-- 5 - Scott enters Mexico City after a series of battles; Mexico sues for peace.
1847/--/-- 5 - Sir James Simpson uses chloroform for childbirth
1847/--/-- 5 - Taylor defeats Santa Anna's Mexican army at the Battle of Buena Vista.
1847/--/-- 5 - The African slave colony of Liberia is declared independent.
1847/--/-- 5 - The American Medical Association is founded.
1847/--/-- 5 - The Mormons under Brigham Young found Salt Lake City.
1847/--/-- 5 - The U.S. post office begins using adhesive postage stamps.
1847/--/-- 5 - U.S. forces under Stockton, Fremont and Kearny occupy California.
1847/--/-- 5 - U.S. forces under Winfield Scott land at Veracruz and advance on Mexico City.
1848/--/-- 6 - A Czech uprising under Frantisek Palacky is suppressed by Austria.
1848/--/-- 6 - American engineer James Bogardus begins using cast-iron for building construction.
1848/--/-- 6 - February Revolution by French workers makes Louis Napoleon III President of 2nd Reublic
1848/--/-- 6 - Ferdinand I abdicates; Francis Joseph becomes Emperor of Austria.
1848/--/-- 6 - French Barbizon artist Theodore Rousseau paints the Forest at Fontainebleau.
1848/--/-- 6 - French author Alexandre Dumas (Dumas fils) publishes his novel Camille.
1848/--/-- 6 - Gold discovered in California
1848/--/-- 6 - Holman Hunt, Millais and Rossetti form the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in Britain.
1848/--/-- 6 - Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish the Communist Manifesto.
1848/--/-- 6 - Karl Marx and Friedrick Engels publish "Communist Manifesto"
1848/--/-- 6 - Louis Philippe abdicates; a Second Republic is declared in France.
1848/--/-- 6 - Mexican Cession
1848/--/-- 6 - Risorgimento leader Garibaldi returns to Italy to fight in the war of independence.
1848/--/-- 6 - Scottish physicist William Thomson Kelvin proposes an absolute temperature scale.
1848/--/-- 6 - The Austrian revolution begins in Vienna; chancellor Metternich resigns.
1848/--/-- 6 - The Revolutions of 1848 break out in Europe.
1848/--/-- 6 - The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ratifies the cession of California and New Mexico.
1848/--/-- 6 - The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill begins the California gold rush.
1848/--/-- 6 - The first U.S. women's rights assembly meets at the Seneca Falls Convention.
1848/--/-- 6 - Uprisings in Berlin force Frederick William IV to summon a constitutional assembly.
1848/--/-- 6 - Wisconsin is inaugurated as the 30th state of the Union.
1849/--/-- 7 - Amelia Bloomer publicizes bloomers (baggy trousers for women) in the Lily magazine.
1849/--/-- 7 - Austrian forces crush the Italian revolution; Mazzini and Garibaldi flee from Italy.
1849/--/-- 7 - Austrian premier Felix Schwarzenberg uses the Russian army to defeat the Hungarians.
1849/--/-- 7 - Black slave Harriet Tubman escapes and begins her Underground Railway work.
1849/--/-- 7 - Elizabeth Blackwell becomes the first woman to obtain a medical degree.
1849/--/-- 7 - Francois Rene de Chateaubriand publishes Memoirs From Beyond the Tomb.
1849/--/-- 7 - French physicist Armand Fizeau measures the velocity of light.
1849/--/-- 7 - Lajos Kossuth declares Hungarian independence from Austria.
1849/--/-- 7 - Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin is deported to Siberia.
1849/--/-- 7 - Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th U.S. president; Fillmore becomes vice-president
1849/--/-- 7 - Zachary Taylor (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 8 - Allan Pinkerton founds the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
1850/--/-- 8 - American author Nathaniel Hawthorne writes The Scarlet Letter.
1850/--/-- 8 - American popular songwriter Stephen Foster publishes Camptown Races.
1850/--/-- 8 - California is inaugurated as the 31st state of the Union.
1850/--/-- 8 - Congress reinforces the Fugitive Slave Law for the return of escaped slaves.
1850/--/-- 8 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning publishes her Sonnets From the Portuguese.
1850/--/-- 8 - English author Charles Dickens writes David Copperfield.
1850/--/-- 8 - French realist artist Gustave Courbet paints The Stone Breakers.
1850/--/-- 8 - Jenny Lind the Swedish nightingale begins her U.S. tour.
1850/--/-- 8 - Millard Fillmore (Whig) becomes president of the United States
1850/--/-- 8 - Nathanial Hawthorne "The Scarlet Letter"
1850/--/-- 8 - Photographer Mathew Brady publishes The Gallery of Illustrious Americans.
1850/--/-- 8 - Plains Indians cede land in exchange for reservations
1850/--/-- 8 - President Taylor dies; Millard Fillmore is inaugurated as the 13th U.S. president.
1850/--/-- 8 - The Compromise of 1850 establishes California as a non-slavery state.
1850/--/-- 8 - The Taiping Rebellion breaks out in China against the Ch'ing dynasty.
1850/--/-- 8 - The first issue of Harper's magazine is published.
1850/--/-- 8 - Utah and New Mexico Territories
1851/--/-- 9 - A gold rush begins in Victoria, Australia; Victoria becomes a separate colony.
1851/--/-- 9 - American author Herman Melville publishes Moby-Dick.
1851/--/-- 9 - Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is produced in Venice.
1851/--/-- 9 - Harriet Beecher Stowe begins publishing Uncle Tom's Cabin.
1851/--/-- 9 - Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones found the New York Times.
1851/--/-- 9 - Isaac Merrit Singer invents the first practical sewing machine.
1851/--/-- 9 - Jacob Fussell begins making ice cream in commercial quantities in Baltimore.
1851/--/-- 9 - Melville "Moby Dick"
1851/--/-- 9 - Mongkut (Rama IV) becomes king of Siam (Thailand).
1851/--/-- 9 - Singer patents sewing machine
1851/--/-- 9 - The Crystal Palace is built in London to house the Great Exhibition.
1851/--/-- 9 - The U.S. yacht America defeats 17 British yachts in the first America's Cup contest.
1851/--/-- 9 - The first college sorority is established at Wesleyan College, Georgia.
1852/--/-- 10 - Argentinean dictator Rosas is defeated by forces under Urquiza at Monte Caseros.
1852/--/-- 10 - Britain gains control of the Irrawaddy delta after the second Anglo-Burma War.
1852/--/-- 10 - The Grimms begin publication of their Deutsches Worterbuch (German Dictionary).
1852/--/-- 10 - The Second Empire begins in France under Napoleon III.
1853/--/-- 11 - A U.S. naval squadron under Matthew Perry enters Tokyo Bay to negotiate a treaty.
1853/--/-- 11 - Chinese rebels capture Nanking and make it the capital of the Taiping kingdom.
1853/--/-- 11 - Crimean War between Turkey, France & Britain against Russia
1853/--/-- 11 - Franklin Pierce (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1853/--/-- 11 - Franklin Pierce is inaugurated as the 14th U.S. president; King becomes vice-president.
1853/--/-- 11 - General Santa Anna becomes dictator of Mexico for the last time.
1853/--/-- 11 - Georges Haussmann begins the reconstruction of Paris.
1853/--/-- 11 - Napoleon III marries the Empress Eugenie.
1853/--/-- 11 - Richard Wagner begins his cycle of four operas The Ring of The Nibelung.
1853/--/-- 11 - Russia occupies the Turkish principalities of Moldavia and Walachia.
1853/--/-- 11 - The U.S. adds land to New Mexico and Arizona with the Gadsden Purchase.
1853/--/-- 11 - Turkey issues an ultimatum to Russia; the Russians destroy the Turkish fleet at Sinope.
1854/--/-- 12 - A commercial treaty is signed between the U.S. and Japan, ending Japanese isolation.
1854/--/-- 12 - American writer and naturalist Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.
1854/--/-- 12 - An Anglo-French-Turkish expeditionary force lands at Sevastopol in the Crimea.
1854/--/-- 12 - Britain and France declare war on Russia, beginning the Crimean War.
1854/--/-- 12 - Nebraska and Kansas Territories
1854/--/-- 12 - Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary.
1854/--/-- 12 - Raphaelite artist Holman Hunt paints The Scapegoat.
1854/--/-- 12 - Republican Party formed for abolition of slavery
1854/--/-- 12 - Smith & Wesson invent revolver
1854/--/-- 12 - The Allied armies defeat the Russians at the Battle of Inkerman.
1854/--/-- 12 - The British grant independence to the Orange Free State in South Africa.
1854/--/-- 12 - The Charge of the Light Brigade is made by the British during the Battle of Balaklava.
1854/--/-- 12 - The Kansas-Nebraska Act reopens the controversy over the spread of slavery.
1854/--/-- 12 - The Republican party is formed after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
1854/--/-- 12 - Upper half of Indian Territory becomes part of Kansas Territory
1855/--/-- 13 - British photographer Roger Fenton documents the Crimean War.
1855/--/-- 13 - Florence Nightingale reforms hygienic standards in Crimean hospitals.
1855/--/-- 13 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow publishes The Songs of Hiawatha.
1855/--/-- 13 - Lord Palmerston becomes prime minister of Great Britain for the first time.
1855/--/-- 13 - Matthew Fontaine Maury publishes The Physical Geography of the Sea.
1855/--/-- 13 - Mexican dictator Santa Anna is overthrown.
1855/--/-- 13 - Nicholas I, Emperor of Russia dies; he is succeeded by his son Alexander II.
1855/--/-- 13 - Robert Browning publishes his poetry collection Men and Women.
1855/--/-- 13 - Scottish explorer David Livingstone discovers the Victoria Falls in Africa.
1855/--/-- 13 - The Allies occupy the Russian fortress at Sevastapol in the Crimea.
1855/--/-- 13 - The first formal ice hockey game is played in Kingston, Ontario.
1855/--/-- 13 - Walt Whitman publishes his first book of poetry, the Leaves of Grass.
1856/--/-- 14 - A new Opium War begins between China, Britain and France.
1856/--/-- 14 - English chemist William Perkin discovers synthetic dyes.
1856/--/-- 14 - The Treaty of Paris ends the Crimean War.
1856/--/-- 14 - The first Neanderthaler (prehistoric human) skeleton is discovered in Germany.
1856/--/-- 14 - Victor Hugo writes Les Miserables during his exile from France.
1857/--/-- 15 - Buchanan is inaugurated as the 15th U.S. president; Breckinridge becomes vice-president.
1857/--/-- 15 - Disputes between Mormons and non-Mormon settlers leads to the Utah War.
1857/--/-- 15 - Elisha Graves Otis installs the first passenger elevator in a New York City store.
1857/--/-- 15 - English author Thomas Hughes publishes Tom Brown's Schooldays.
1857/--/-- 15 - French novelist Gustave Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary.
1857/--/-- 15 - French poet Baudelaire publishes Flowers of Evil and is arrested for immorality.
1857/--/-- 15 - James Buchanan (Democrat) becomes president of the United States
1857/--/-- 15 - Kansas ratifies anti-slavery constitution
1857/--/-- 15 - Mormons and Paiute Indians kill 120 settlers in the Mountain Meadows Massacre.
1857/--/-- 15 - The Indian Mutiny begins when Indian troops rebel against the British in Meerut.
1857/--/-- 15 - The Oxford English Dictionary is begun in England.
1858/--/-- 16 - Benito Juarez becomes the first Mexican president of Indian descent.
1858/--/-- 16 - Bernadette Soubirous sees visions of the Vigin Mary in a grotto near Lourdes, France.
1858/--/-- 16 - Britain and France impose the Tientsin Treaty on China.
1858/--/-- 16 - British explorer John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria in Africa.
1858/--/-- 16 - British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace outlines his theories of evolution.
1858/--/-- 16 - Charles Frederick Worth establishes his Paris fashion house.
1858/--/-- 16 - Cyrus W. Field lays the first transatlantic telegraph cable.
1858/--/-- 16 - Federal forces end the Utah War; Brigham Young is replaced as governor of Utah Territory.
1858/--/-- 16 - French photographer Nadar takes the first aerial photograph from a balloon.
1858/--/-- 16 - German-American artist Albert Bierstadt begins his landscapes of the American west.
1858/--/-- 16 - Jacques Offenbach's operetta Orpheus in the Underworld premiers in Paris.
1858/--/-- 16 - James Renwick begins the design of Saint Patrick's Cathedral in New York City.
1858/--/-- 16 - Minnesota is inaugurated as the 32nd state of the Union.
1858/--/-- 16 - The Fenians (Irish Republican Brotherhood) are founded to overthrow British rule.
1858/--/-- 16 - The Indian Mutiny is suppressed by the British Army and loyal Indian troops.
1858/--/-- 16 - The government of India is transferred from the East India Company to the British crown.
1859/--/-- 17 - Abolitionist John Brown leads an attack on Harpers Ferry; he is captured and executed.
1859/--/-- 17 - Charles Darwin "Origin of Species"
1859/--/-- 17 - Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.
1859/--/-- 17 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins building the Suez Canal in Egypt.
1859/--/-- 17 - French inventor Ferdinand Carre develops a refrigeration system.
1859/--/-- 17 - Napoleon III assists the Italian statesman Cavour in a war against Austria.
1859/--/-- 17 - Oregon is inaugurated as the 33rd state of the Union.
1859/--/-- 17 - Queensland becomes a separate colony of Australia.
1860/--/-- 18 - Abraham Lincoln is elected as the first Republican president of the United States.
1860/--/-- 18 - China resists the Tientsin Treaty; Anglo-French forces occupy Peking.
1860/--/-- 18 - English novelist Wilkie Collins writes The Woman in White.
1860/--/-- 18 - Florence Nightingale establishes a school for training nurses.
1860/--/-- 18 - George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes The Mill on the Floss.
1860/--/-- 18 - Italian patriot Garibaldi invades Sicily and Naples with his 1,000 Redshirts.
1860/--/-- 18 - Jean Joseph Etienne Lenoir patents the first internal-combustion engine.
1860/--/-- 18 - Sardinia-Piedmont seizes the Papal States in Italy.
1860/--/-- 18 - South Carolina becomes the first Southern state to secede from the Union.
1860/--/-- 18 - The Crittenden Compromise tries to prevent a split between slave and free states.
1860/--/-- 18 - The Maori Wars begin against the British in New Zealand.
1860/--/-- 18 - The pony express is inaugurated to deliver mail from Missouri to California.
1861/--/-- 19 - Abraham Lincoln (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1861/--/-- 19 - American locksmith Linus Yale Jr. patents the cylinder lock.
1861/--/-- 19 - CONFEDERACY
1861/--/-- 19 - Civil War Begins
1861/--/-- 19 - English designer William Morris starts the Arts and Crafts Movement.
1861/--/-- 19 - Explorers Burke and Wills die during their north-south crossing of Australia.
1861/--/-- 19 - French artist Eugene Delacroix paints the Lion Hunt.
1861/--/-- 19 - General George B. McClellan is made commander of the Union forces.
1861/--/-- 19 - Italy is unified under Victor Emmanuel II.
1861/--/-- 19 - John Ericsson designs the Monitor, the first ship with a revolving gun-turret.
1861/--/-- 19 - Kansas is inaugurated as the 34th state of the Union.
1861/--/-- 19 - Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th U.S. president; Hamlin becomes vice-president.
1861/--/-- 19 - Nicholas II abolishes serfdom in Russia.
1861/--/-- 19 - The Confederate States of America declare their independence from the U.S.
1861/--/-- 19 - The Confederates defeat the Union army in the First Battle of Bull Run.
1861/--/-- 19 - The Southern states meet to draft a constitution; Davis is selected as president.
1861/--/-- 19 - The Trent Affair begins when a Union ship intercepts a British steamer.
1861/--/-- 19 - The United States introduce the first national income tax.
1861/--/-- 19 - The bombardment of Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor begins the U.S. Civil War.
1861/--/-- 19 - Unification of Italy
1861/--/-- 19 - Western territories reorganized by Republican Congresses
1862/--/-- 20 - A Union fleet under David G. Farragut captures New Orleans.
1862/--/-- 20 - Bartolome Mitre unites Argentina and is elected president.
1862/--/-- 20 - Brady, O'Sullivan and Gardner document the Civil War in photographs.
1862/--/-- 20 - Explorer John McDouall Stuart makes the first south to north crossing of Australia.
1862/--/-- 20 - Foucault measures speed of light
1862/--/-- 20 - French actress Sarah Bernhardt makes her debut at the Comedie Francaise.
1862/--/-- 20 - French impressionist artist Edouard Manet paints Le Dejeuner sur l'Herbe.
1862/--/-- 20 - French physicist Jean Foucault successfully measures the speed of light.
1862/--/-- 20 - French writer Victor Hugo completes his social novel Les Miserables.
1862/--/-- 20 - Lee defeats the Union army in the Second Battle of Bull Run.
1862/--/-- 20 - Lee's Confederate invasion of Maryland is halted at the Battle of Antietam.
1862/--/-- 20 - McClellan is defeated in the Seven Days Battle and retreats from the peninsular.
1862/--/-- 20 - Napoleon III imposes the Austrian prince Maximilian as emperor of Mexico.
1862/--/-- 20 - Richard J. Gatling invents the first practical machine gun.
1862/--/-- 20 - Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev publishes Fathers and Sons.
1862/--/-- 20 - The first recorded ski competition is held near Oslo in Norway.
1862/--/-- 20 - The ironclad warships Monitor and Merrimack clash at Hampton Roads, Va.
1862/--/-- 20 - Union forces under Burnside are defeated at the Battle of Fredricksburg.
1862/--/-- 20 - Union forces under Grant defeat the Confederates at the Battle of Shiloh.
1862/--/-- 20 - Union forces under McClellan begin the Peninsular Campaign to capture Richmond.
1862/--/-- 20 - William I appoints Otto von Bismarck as minister president of Prussia.
1863/--/-- 21 - Cambodia (Kampuchea) becomes a French protectorate.
1863/--/-- 21 - English philosopher John Stuart Mill publishes Utilitarianism.
1863/--/-- 21 - French impressionist artist Camille Pissarro exhibits at the Salon des Refuses.
1863/--/-- 21 - George I succeeds Otto as king of Greece.
1863/--/-- 21 - Grant defeats the Confederates in the Vicksburg Campaign.
1863/--/-- 21 - Ismail Pasha rules Egypt under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire.
1863/--/-- 21 - Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation abolishes slavery in the Confederate states.
1863/--/-- 21 - London's Metropolitan Railway becomes the first underground subway.
1863/--/-- 21 - The Confederate guerrilla band Quantrill's Raiders pillage Lawrence, Kansas.
1863/--/-- 21 - The Confederates defeat the Union army at Chancellorsville; Jackson is killed.
1863/--/-- 21 - The Confederates under Lee are defeated at the Battle of Gettysburg.
1863/--/-- 21 - The French occupy Mexico City in support of Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico.
1863/--/-- 21 - The London Football Association issues the first soccer rules.
1863/--/-- 21 - West Virginia is inaugurated as the 35th state of the Union.
1864/--/-- 22 - A Chinese army under Gordon recaptures Nanking and ends the Taiping Rebellion.
1864/--/-- 22 - A Union army under Sherman invades Georgia, begining the Atlanta campaign.
1864/--/-- 22 - Cheyenne and Arapaho families massacred at Sand Creek, Colorado
1864/--/-- 22 - Denmark is defeated by Prussia; Schleswig-Holstein is ceded to Germany.
1864/--/-- 22 - Nevada is inaugurated as the 36th state of the Union.
1864/--/-- 22 - Paraguayan dictator Francisco Solano Lopez begins the War of the Triple Alliance.
1864/--/-- 22 - Sherman defeats the Confederates at Atlanta and begins his march to the sea.
1864/--/-- 22 - The Colorado militia massacre Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek.
1864/--/-- 22 - The Confederate submarine Hunley sinks a Federal ship but is sunk in the process.
1864/--/-- 22 - The Geneva Convention sets standards of humane treatment in time of war.
1864/--/-- 22 - The Ionian Islands are ceded to Greece by Britain.
1864/--/-- 22 - The Union launches a drive on Richmond but falters in the Wilderness Campaign.
1864/--/-- 22 - Ulysses S. Grant is made general in chief of all the Union armies.
1865/--/-- 23 - Andrew Johnson (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1865/--/-- 23 - Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the U.S.
1865/--/-- 23 - Civil War Ends
1865/--/-- 23 - Confederate forces under Lee surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House.
1865/--/-- 23 - Count Leo Tolstoi begins his monumental Russian novel War and Peace.
1865/--/-- 23 - English author Lewis Carroll writes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
1865/--/-- 23 - Johnston surrenders the last Confederate army to Sherman, ending the U.S. Civil War.
1865/--/-- 23 - Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace"
1865/--/-- 23 - Lincoln assassinated
1865/--/-- 23 - Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at Ford's Theatre in Washington D.C.
1865/--/-- 23 - Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky publishes Crime and Punishment.
1865/--/-- 23 - The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution abolishes slavery.
1865/--/-- 23 - The Petersburg Campaign is won by Union forces; Lee evacuates Richmond.
1866/--/-- 24 - British engineer Robert Whitehead invents the first self-propelled torpedo.
1866/--/-- 24 - Congress authorize (but do not mandate) the use of the metric system in the U.S.
1866/--/-- 24 - Mendel publishes his genetic research in Experiments With Plant Hybrids.
1866/--/-- 24 - Prussia and Italy defeat Austria in the Seven Weeks' War.
1866/--/-- 24 - The Ku Klux Klan is founded in the southern United States.
1866/02/06 24 *** Upchurch, Abraham L. [Son] - Born to Upchurch, Hiram H. "Ahile" and Sloan, Sarah (Upchurch)
1867/--/-- 25 - Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
1867/--/-- 25 - Bismark forms the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership.
1867/--/-- 25 - Diamond fields are discovered in South Africa.
1867/--/-- 25 - English photographer Julia Margaret Cameron takes Sir John Herschel's portrait.
1867/--/-- 25 - French troops withdraw from Mexico; Emperor Maximilian is executed by Juarez.
1867/--/-- 25 - Karl Marx publishes the first volume of Das Kapital.
1867/--/-- 25 - Nebraska is inaugurated as the 37th state of the Union.
1867/--/-- 25 - Sir John A. Macdonald becomes Canada's first prime minister.
1867/--/-- 25 - The Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 creates the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary.
1867/--/-- 25 - The Dominion of Canada is established by the British North America Act.
1868/--/-- 26 - A military coup led by General Juan Prim deposes Queen Isabella II of Spain.
1868/--/-- 26 - A skeleton of Cro-Magnon man is discovered in southern France.
1868/--/-- 26 - British labor unions form the Trades Union Congress.
1868/--/-- 26 - Christopher Sholes patents the first practical typewriter.
1868/--/-- 26 - Chulalongkorn succeeds his father Mongkut as the king of Siam (Thailand).
1868/--/-- 26 - Feminists Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton publish Revolution.
1868/--/-- 26 - Johannes Brahms' A German Requiem is performed for the first time.
1868/--/-- 26 - Ndebele king Mzilikazi dies in Africa; he is succeeded (1870) by his son Lobengula.
1868/--/-- 26 - The Meiji dynasty is restored in Japan; the Tokugawa shogunate is abolished.
1868/--/-- 26 - The Ten Years' War begins in Cuba against Spanish rule.
1868/--/-- 26 - U.S. President Andrew Johnson is impeached by Congress but acquitted by the Senate.
1868/--/-- 26 - William Gladstone becomes Liberal prime minister of Britain for the first time.
1869/--/-- 27 - 200 pitched battles between Indians and U.S. Calvary
1869/--/-- 27 - English author Matthew Arnold publishes Culture and Anarchy.
1869/--/-- 27 - French artist Eugene Louis Boudin paints On the Beach at Deauville.
1869/--/-- 27 - Grant is inaugurated as the 18th U.S. president; Colfax becomes vice-president.
1869/--/-- 27 - James Gordon Bennett Jr. commissions Stanley to search for Livingston in Africa.
1869/--/-- 27 - John Roebling designs the Brooklyn Bridge but dies after a construction accident.
1869/--/-- 27 - Louis Riel leads the Red River Rebellion in Canada.
1869/--/-- 27 - Ludwig II (Mad Ludwig) begins building his fantasy castles in Bavaria.
1869/--/-- 27 - Philadelphia garment workers organize the Knights of Labor, an early labor union.
1869/--/-- 27 - Pope Pius IX calls the First Vatican Council to discuss the dogma of papal infallibility.
1869/--/-- 27 - Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky begins work on his opera Boris Gudunov.
1869/--/-- 27 - Suez Canal opens
1869/--/-- 27 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings become the first professional baseball team.
1869/--/-- 27 - The Suez Canal is opened in Egypt.
1869/--/-- 27 - The first manufacturing patent is issued for chewing gum.
1869/--/-- 27 - The transcontinental railroad is completed at Promontory Point, Utah.
1869/--/-- 27 - Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1869/--/-- 27 - Union Pacific meets Central Pacific
1870/--/-- 28 - American industrialist John D. Rockefeller founds the Standard Oil Company.
1870/--/-- 28 - French war minister Leon Gambetta escapes from besieged Paris in a balloon.
1870/--/-- 28 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Troy.
1870/--/-- 28 - Paraguayan dictator Solano Lopez dies, ending the War of the Triple Alliance.
1870/--/-- 28 - Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy.
1870/--/-- 28 - The Franco-Prussian War begins over a diplomatic incident engineered by Bismark.
1870/--/-- 28 - The Prussians defeat the French at Sedan; Napoleon III is taken prisoner.
1870/--/-- 28 - The Third Republic is formed in France; a Government of National Defense is established.
1870/--/-- 28 - The city of Miami is founded in Florida.
1871/--/-- 29 - American explorer Henry Morton Stanley finds Dr. Livingston in central Africa.
1871/--/-- 29 - Charles Taze Russell founds the Jehovah's Witnesses about this time.
1871/--/-- 29 - Fire destroys one-third of the city of Chicago.
1871/--/-- 29 - P.T Barnum launches a traveling circus, museum and menagerie.
1871/--/-- 29 - The Franco-Prussian War ends; Alsace and Lorraine are ceded to Germany.
1871/--/-- 29 - The French surrender to Prussia incites the Commune of Paris uprising.
1871/--/-- 29 - The German Empire is formally proclaimed at the Palace of Versailles.
1871/--/-- 29 - The Paris Commune is suppressed by government troops after a 2-month siege.
1871/--/-- 29 - Trade Unions legalized in Britain
1872/--/-- 30 - American artist James McNeill Whistler paints the Portrait of the Artist's Mother.
1872/--/-- 30 - English author George Eliot (Mary Anne Evans) publishes Middlemarch.
1872/--/-- 30 - Indian leader Kintpuash leaves the Modoc reservation; the Modoc Wars begin.
1872/--/-- 30 - Monet paints Impression: Sunrise; the term impressionism is derived from the title.
1872/--/-- 30 - Photographer Eadweard Muybridge begins his series of motion studies.
1872/--/-- 30 - The Challenger Expedition begins the first systematic oceanographic survey.
1872/--/-- 30 - The cities of Buda and Pest unite to form Budapest (the capital of Hungary from 1918).
1872/--/-- 30 - The death of Kamehameha V ends the Kamehameha dynasty of Hawaiian kings.
1872/--/-- 30 - The first woman impressionist artist Berthe Morisot paints The Cradle.
1873/--/-- 31 - Englishman Maj. Walter Clopton Wingfield invents lawn tennis.
1873/--/-- 31 - French novelist Jules Verne publishes Around the World in Eighty Days.
1873/--/-- 31 - The Pacific Scandal in Canada causes the collapse of the Conservative government.
1873/--/-- 31 - The Panic of 1873 leads to 5 years of economic depression in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 32 - Benjamin Disraeli becomes the Conservative prime minister of Britain.
1874/--/-- 32 - English author Thomas Hardy publishes Far from the Madding Crowd.
1874/--/-- 32 - First impressionist exhibit in Paris
1874/--/-- 32 - French impressionist artist Pierre Auguste Renoir paints La Loge (The Box).
1874/--/-- 32 - The Comanche, Kiowa and other Indian tribes attack Adobe Walls in Texas.
1874/--/-- 32 - The Greenback party advocates currency reform in the U.S.
1874/--/-- 32 - The first exhibition of impressionist paintings is held in Paris.
1874/04/15 32 *** Upchurch, William Fox [Son] - Born to Upchurch, Hiram H. "Ahile" and Sloan, Sarah (Upchurch)
1875/--/-- 33 - American author Mark Twain publishes Tom Sawyer.
1875/--/-- 33 - Britain buys Suez Canal shares from the bankrupt Egyptian leader Ismail Pasha.
1875/--/-- 33 - Charles Stewart Parnell begins movement for Irish independence
1875/--/-- 33 - Georges Bizet's opera Carmen is performed in Paris.
1875/--/-- 33 - Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science, publishes Science and Health.
1875/--/-- 33 - The Bourbon monarchy is restored in Spain under Alfonso XII.
1876/--/-- 34 - Abd al-Hamid II assumes his rule as the last Ottoman sultan.
1876/--/-- 34 - Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
1876/--/-- 34 - Alexander Graham Bell patents the telephone
1876/--/-- 34 - British philosopher Herbert Spencer begins publishing the Principles of Sociology.
1876/--/-- 34 - Colorado is inaugurated as the 38th state of the Union.
1876/--/-- 34 - General Porfirio Diaz seizes power as the dictator of Mexico.
1876/--/-- 34 - German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavates the ancient city of Mycenae.
1876/--/-- 34 - Impressionist artist Alfred Sisley paints Flood at the Port of Marly.
1876/--/-- 34 - Japan forces Korea to open up to foreign trade, countering the influence of China.
1876/--/-- 34 - Johann Strauss Jr. composes his waltz The Beautiful Blue Danube.
1876/--/-- 34 - National League founded (baseball)
1876/--/-- 34 - Queen Victoria assumes the title of Empress of India.
1876/--/-- 34 - Sioux Indians defeat General Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
1876/--/-- 34 - Sioux and Cheyenne defeat Custer at Little Big Horn, Montanna
1876/--/-- 34 - The Bayreuth musical festival opens with a performance of Wagner's Ring cycle.
1876/--/-- 34 - The U.S. Centennial Exposition of 1876 is held in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia.
1877/--/-- 35 - Britain annexes Transvaal in South Africa.
1877/--/-- 35 - Chief Joseph leads the Nez Perce tribe against the U.S. Army.
1877/--/-- 35 - Hayes is inaugurated as the 19th U.S. president; Wheeler becomes vice-president
1877/--/-- 35 - Italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli observes canali (channels) on Mars.
1877/--/-- 35 - Nez Perce leave Idaho for Canada
1877/--/-- 35 - Rutherford B. Hayes (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1877/--/-- 35 - Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake is performed by the Bolshoi Ballet in Moscow.
1877/--/-- 35 - The All-England lawn tennis championship is played at Wimbledon for the first time.
1877/--/-- 35 - The Japanese army suppresses a samurai revolt led by Saigo Takamori.
1877/--/-- 35 - Thomas Edison invents the phonograph.
1877/--/-- 35 - Turkish suppression of Balkan nationalists leads to a new Russo-Turkish War.
1878/--/-- 36 - Ismail Pasha presents Cleopatra's Needles to Britain (1878) and the U.S. (1880).
1878/--/-- 36 - Northern Cheyenne escape Indian Territory
1878/--/-- 36 - Serbia, Montenegro and Romania are granted independence from Turkey.
1878/--/-- 36 - The Congress of Berlin reverses Russian gains from the San Stefano Treaty.
1878/--/-- 36 - The D'Oyly Carte Opera Company performs Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore.
1878/--/-- 36 - The Russo-Turkish War ends; The Treaty of San Stefano is imposed on Turkey.
1878/--/-- 36 - The second Anglo-Afghan War begins.
1878/--/-- 36 - Turkey's provinces of Bosnia and Hercegovina are placed under Austrian administration.
1879/--/-- 37 - Belgian king Leopold II sponsors Henry Morton Stanley's expedition to the Congo.
1879/--/-- 37 - Cetewayo's Zulus defeat the British at Isandhlwana, but are beaten at Ulundi.
1879/--/-- 37 - Charles Stewart Parnell leads the Home Rule for Ireland party.
1879/--/-- 37 - General Roca defeats the Patagonian Indians, opening the Pampas for settlement.
1879/--/-- 37 - Impressionist artist Edgar Degas paints Ballerina Posing for a Photograph.
1879/--/-- 37 - Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen writes A Doll's House.
1879/--/-- 37 - Tawfiq Pasha succeeds his father Ismail Pasha as khedive (viceroy) of Egypt.
1879/--/-- 37 - Territorial disputes lead to the War of the Pacific between Chile and Peru.
1879/--/-- 37 - Thomas Edison develops the first workable incandescent lamp (light bulb).
1879/--/-- 37 - Thomas Edison invents incandescent light
1880/--/-- 38 - American impressionist artist Mary Cassatt exhibits A Woman in Black at the Opera.
1880/--/-- 38 - Australian bushranger Ned Kelly is hanged for murder.
1880/--/-- 38 - Boer (Afrikaner) uprisings begin against the British in Transvaal, South Africa.
1880/--/-- 38 - France annexes the Pacific island of Tahiti.
1880/--/-- 38 - French novelist Emile Zola writes Nana, a portrait of a prostitute.
1880/--/-- 38 - German composer Jacques Offenbach writes the opera Tales of Hoffmann.
1880/--/-- 38 - Gladstone succeeds Disraeli as British prime minister.
1880/--/-- 38 - Russian composer Peter Ilich Tchaikovsky writes the 1812 Overture.
1881/--/-- 39 - Alexander II is assassinated by narodniki revolutionaries in Russia.
1881/--/-- 39 - Chester A. Arthur (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 39 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st U.S. president.
1881/--/-- 39 - Ferdinand de Lesseps begins an abortive attempt to build the Panama Canal.
1881/--/-- 39 - Garfield is inaugurated as the 20th U.S. president; Arthur becomes vice-president.
1881/--/-- 39 - James A. Garfield (Republican) becomes president of the United States
1881/--/-- 39 - Japanese statesman Itagaki Taisuke founds the Jiyuto (Liberal party).
1881/--/-- 39 - Lillie Langtry, mistress of the Prince of Wales, makes her acting debut.
1881/--/-- 39 - President Garfield is assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau.
1881/--/-- 39 - The Sudanese under Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad overthrow Egyptian rule.
1881/--/-- 39 - The first U.S. tennis championship is held in Newport, R.I.
1881/12/07 40 *** Sloan, Sarah (Upchurch) - Died Albany cem, Clinton county KY
In 1841 Transportation was by:
Foot
Horse
Bicycle
Train
Steamboat
In 1841 Communications was by:
Word of Mouth
Post Office
By 1881 Communications was by:
Telegraph
in addition.
In 1841 Food Preparation was by:
Wood
In 1841 Entertainment was by:
Social Intercourse
Organized Sports
Travel
Professional Sports
Movies
Radio
Television
Theme parks
Computer
In 1841 Health Care was by:
Operations
Anesthetic
X-Rays
MRI
In 1841 War Making was by:
Calvary
gun
Artillery
Submarine
By 1881 War Making was by:
Machine guns
Iron Clad ships
Mines
in addition.
In 1841 Navigation was by:
Stars & Maps
Compass
from the SFHR database of Duane Bristow 03-13-2021 19:57:29